Crawler-based jet grouting rigs represent specialized equipment designed for executing controlled, high-pressure grout injection to achieve ground improvement and stabilization in deep foundation engineering. These mobile units combine precision injection systems with tracked foundation platforms, enabling systematic soil treatment in confined spaces and difficult terrain where conventional drilling rigs cannot operate effectively. Jet grouting creates a network of soil-cement columns through a process of simultaneous erosion and replacement, fundamentally improving the geotechnical properties of the surrounding ground mass while maintaining accessibility and operational flexibility at construction sites. The primary applications for crawler-based jet grouting equipment encompass ground stabilization for underground structures, including cutoff curtains and grout curtains that serve as hydraulic barriers to control groundwater seepage beneath dams, beneath sheet pile walls, and adjacent to diaphragm wall excavations. These rigs excel in creating self-supporting soil-cement columns that increase bearing capacity around deep excavations, stabilize slopes, and provide lateral support for temporary and permanent underground structures. Additional applications include soil mixing for foundation improvement, remediation of weak strata encountered during piling operations, and strengthening of existing foundations where subsurface conditions have been compromised or underestimated during design phases. The operational methodology involves deploying a multi-phase injection system where high-pressure jets of water or grout (typically operating at pressures ranging from 300 to 600 bar) erode and displace soil material while simultaneously filling the void with cement-based or specialized grout mixes. The injection nozzles, typically positioned at the tool's distal end, are withdrawn in controlled stages as grout is introduced, creating overlapping cylindrical columns of improved ground. Single-phase systems inject only cement slurry, while dual-phase and triple-phase systems introduce water jets for erosion and separate grout injection for binding, offering enhanced control over column geometry and final strength characteristics. Modern crawler-based systems incorporate variable mast configurations, accommodating execution depths from shallow applications near foundations to depths exceeding 30 meters. Equipment typically includes integrated power units (diesel or electric), pressure-regulated injection systems with flow measurement, top-drive rotation mechanisms, and computerized monitoring systems that record pressure curves, grout volume consumption, and depth progression. Compact crawler platforms measure 2 to 4 meters in width, enabling deployment in basements, beneath viaducts, and within restricted right-of-ways where conventional truck-mounted rigs prove impractical. Selection criteria for crawler-based jet grouting equipment depend critically on soil classification, required column diameter and spacing, target depth, available space, and production schedule. Professionals evaluate pressure rating against expected soil resistance, grout capacity and mixing facilities, rotation speed and withdrawal rate control, mast height and reach capability, and tracking system load capacity. Environmental factors including noise levels, vibration transmission, and grout return management influence equipment selection in urban settings. Execution must comply with EN 14679 (Execution of special geotechnical works — Jet grouting) and relevant national adaptations, which establish standardized procedures for column geometry documentation, quality assurance through test columns, grout composition specifications, and environmental impact mitigation. Equipment operators require certification in accordance with national geotechnical engineering standards, and pressure system integrity must satisfy applicable pressure equipment directive requirements.
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