Masu Hako Kasa

Excavators suna wakiltar wani muhimmin rukuni na kayan aikin motsa ƙasa a cikin injiniya mai zurfin ginshiƙi, suna zama manyan injuna don shirin gini, gudanar da kayan aiki, da kuma ayyukan hakar haɗin gwiwa da ke goyon bayan shigar da bangon ƙasa da katangar katanga. Duk da cewa bangon diaphragm, katangar katanga, secant piles, da bangon sheet pile suna dogara da kayan aikin hakar da jujjuyawa na musamman, excavators suna zama tushen waɗannan ayyukan ta hanyar gudanar da ayyukan ƙasa na asali da ke ba da damar ginin bango daidai. A cikin aikace-aikacen injiniya mai zurfi, excavators suna amfani da su don ayyuka da yawa a cikin ayyukan bangon diaphragm da katangar katanga. Suna gudanar da tsaftace wurin farko da daidaita, suna cire kayan sama da launin ƙasa mai laushi, suna hakar bangon jagora da wuraren aiki, suna gudanar da kayan aikin bentonite slurry, suna sarrafa da kuma ajiye kayan da aka hakar, da kuma gudanar da motsin kayan a kusa da wuraren gina birane masu cunkoso. Don ayyukan jet grouting da haɗa ƙasa, excavators suna sanya kayan aiki, suna gudanar da akwatunan kayan, da kuma kula da zubar da kuma sake sarrafa ginshikan ƙasa da aka gyara. A cikin aikace-aikacen secant da tangent pile, suna tsaftace wuraren shiga da kuma gudanar da kayan da aka samar yayin hakar pile. Ka'idar aiki na excavators masu juyawa da na wheeled a cikin waɗannan mahallin yana mai da hankali kan watsa ƙarfin hydraulic. Tsarin juyawa, wanda aka sanya a kan masu ɗaukar ƙafafun ko masu ɗaukar roba, yana ɗauke da famfon hydraulic, ƙarin kulawa, da kuma cabin na mai aiki. Boom, arm, da bucket suna aiki da hydraulic, suna ba da damar daidaiton wurin kwantena tare da ƙarfin ɗauka daga 0.5 zuwa 5.0 cubic meters dangane da ajin inji. Ƙarfin hakar yana samuwa ta hanyar fitar da famfo na babban (yawanci 200–400 cc/rev) wanda ke tuka ta hanyar tashoshin dizal ko lantarki, wanda aka watsa zuwa silinda na hydraulic tare da matsa lamba na 280–350 bar. A cikin wuraren birane masu iyaka, excavators masu ƙanƙanta (13–25 ton nauyin aiki) tare da ƙarancin juyawa da ƙarfin juyawa na digiri 360 ana fifita; wuraren bude suna karɓar masu ɗaukar ƙaƙƙarfan (30–60 ton) tare da dogon boom da kuma ƙarin isa. Tsarin kayan aiki a cikin wannan rukuni yana haɗa da tsarin kwantena da hannu na al'ada, kwantena na musamman tare da gefen yankan da aka ƙarfafa don ƙasa mai ƙarfi, grapples don rarrabawa, da kuma kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa da aka sanya a kan kwantena. Excavators masu gudanar da slurry suna da kariya don gudanar da zubar bentonite da tsarin zagayowar ruwa da aka sanya a tanki. Tsarin musamman sun haɗa da kwantena da aka haɗa tare da allon da aka haɗa don rarraba kayan da aka hakar. Ka'idodin zaɓi don goyon bayan hakar a cikin ayyukan bangon ƙasa sun haɗa da ajin excavator (mini, midi, na al'ada), iyakokin nauyin aiki da aka sanya ta ƙarfin dandamali, ƙimar cika kwantena da ta dace da yanayin ƙasa, ingancin amfani da mai a cikin ayyukan da suka wuce, ƙuntatawar hayaniya da juyawa a cikin yanayin birane masu hankali, da kuma buƙatun isa dangane da tsarin ramin. Masu kwangila suna tantance fitar da famfon hydraulic, ƙimar gudu, da ƙimar matsa lamba bisa ga tsammanin juriya na ƙasa da yanayin zafin jiki na waje. Ka'idodin masana'antu da ke kula da aikin excavator da tsaro sun haɗa da ISO 6016 (ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin ƙima), ISO 12100 (tsaron inji), ISO 6165 (nau'in bisa ga nauyi da ƙarfin), da EN 12001 (buƙatun tsaro don kayan aikin motsa ƙasa). Ka'idodin yanki suna buƙatar takardar shaida ƙarƙashin Dokar Kayan Aiki ta EU 2006/42/EC. Ka'idodin aiki don gudanar da kayan da aka hakar suna magana ne akan ISO 14644 (kulawa da gurbatawa yayin motsin kayan) da kuma ƙa'idodin muhalli na ƙasa don tsare slurry.