Kayan Aiki na Grouting

Kayan aikin grouting yana wakiltar wani muhimmin rukuni na na'ura ta musamman da aka tsara don shigar da grout na siminti ko na sinadarai a cikin ƙasa da dutsen don tabbatar da tsaro, rufewa, ko inganta halayen injiniya. A cikin babban mahallin na fasahar haɗa ƙasa (CSM) da inganta ƙasa, kayan aikin grouting suna tallafawa shigar da bango na diaphragm, labulen katanga, jerin pile na secant, da tsarin jet grouting inda shigar da matsa lamba ke da mahimmanci don cimma burin aikin ƙira. Babban aikin kayan aikin grouting shine don samun isar da grout mai kyau a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba da saurin gudu da aka kayyade, yana ba da damar kwangila su sarrafa permeability, ƙara ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, rage ƙasa, ko ƙirƙirar shinge marasa ruwa a cikin aikace-aikacen tushe masu zurfi. Kayan aikin grouting yana aiki bisa ga ka'idar asali ta shirya haɗin grout mai ɗorewa ta hanyar na'ura sannan kuma a isar da su zuwa zurfin da aka kayyade da wurare ta hanyar ramin shigarwa ko bututun isarwa a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba da aka sarrafa. A cikin ginin bango na diaphragm da ginin pile na secant, kayan aikin grouting suna shigar da grout kai tsaye cikin matrix na ƙasa da ke kewaye ko tsakanin piles don kawar da gurɓataccen wuri da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ɗaukar nauyi masu haɗin gwiwa. Don aikace-aikacen labulen katanga da jet grouting, kayan aikin suna samar da babban matsa lamba da ake buƙata don karya da haɗa ƙasa yayin da suke cika gurɓataccen wuri da grout. Tsarin aiki yawanci yana haɗa da haɗa kayan albarkatu (siminti na Portland, ruwa, ƙarin kayan haɗi) a cikin tashar grout, adana wucin gadi a cikin tankunan motsawa don kiyaye ɗorewa, sannan kuma a isar da su ta hanyar famfunan cavity masu ci gaba ko famfunan piston zuwa wuraren shigarwa inda kayan aikin ƙasa ko bututun rabuwa ke rarraba grout a kwance da tsaye bisa ga ƙayyadadden ƙira. Rukuni na kayan yana ƙunshe da nau'ikan na'urori da yawa da za a iya amfani da su a matsayin tsarin haɗin gwiwa ko kuma a matsayin na'urori masu zaman kansu. Tashoshin grouting suna haɗa hoppers na kayan bushe, tsarin rarraba ruwa, da masu haɗa mai sauri waɗanda ke da ikon samar da 5 zuwa 50+ cubic meters na grout a kowace awa dangane da girman. Famfunan cavity masu ci gaba (peristaltic) suna mamaye aikace-aikacen shigar da matsa lamba saboda ikon su na sarrafa slurry na siminti mai gajiya ba tare da rarrabewa ba kuma suna kiyaye canjin da ya dace a cikin matsa lamba daban-daban. Tsarin motsawa da juyawa suna kiyaye daidaiton grout a duk lokacin adanawa da sufuri, wanda ke da mahimmanci don hana siminti zama a cikin ƙarin ruwa na siminti. Na'urorin sa ido da rarraba matsa lamba suna ba da damar daidaitawa a cikin lokaci na ainihi na ƙayyadadden shigarwa, yayin da tsarin rikodin bayanai na atomatik ke rubuta matsa lamba, yawan, da saƙonnin lokaci a matsayin shaida na bin ƙayyadadden ƙira. Zaɓin kayan aikin grouting yana dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa na fasaha ciki har da viscosity da rabo na ruwa-siminti na grout da aka kayyade (wanda ke shafar nau'in famfunan da bukatun ƙarfin), matsa lamba na shigarwa da aka tsara (wanda ke tsakanin 10 bar don ginshikan ƙasa masu ƙarancin matsa lamba zuwa 100+ bar don aikace-aikacen jet grouting), yawan samarwa da jimlar yawan grout don aikin, takurawar samun shafin da ke shafar wurin sanya kayan, da bukatar sa ido na lokaci na ainihi na matsa lamba da yawan don gamsar da ka'idojin tabbatar da inganci. La'akari da muhalli, kamar rage dawowar grout da sarrafa kayan da suka wuce, suna ƙara tasiri akan zaɓin kayan zuwa ƙira na tsarin rufewa tare da na'urorin sarrafa dawowa. Ayyukan grouting suna gudanar da su bisa ga ka'idojin da suka dace ciki har da EN 14679 (aiwatar da aikin geotechnical na musamman—bangon diaphragm), EN 12716 (grouting na ƙasa—ma'anoni da bayanai), ISO 12572 (tantance aikin samfuran grouting), da DIN 4126 (bangon diaphragm). Wadannan ka'idojin suna kafa ƙa'idodin aikin ƙarancin ƙarfi don haɓaka ƙarfin grout, iyakokin matsa lamba na shigarwa, da bukatun takardu da kayan aikin grouting dole ne su goyi bayan don tabbatar da bin ka'idojin kwangila da ɗorewar dogon lokaci na shigar da tushe masu zurfi.