Ngwá ọrụ excavator

Excavators a na-eji na mgbidi ala na owuwu mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ngwa ọrụ nkwado dị mkpa maka usoro nkwụsị ala pụrụ iche gụnyere diaphragm walls, mkpuchi, secant piles, mgbidi sheet, na ọrụ ngwakọta ala. Ngwaọrụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ karịa ịkụ ala ọdịnala; ha na-enye precision mechanical excavation, njikwa slurry circulation, na iwepụ cuttings nke dị mkpa iji manten stability na gburugburu ebe mmiri na n'okpuru mmiri ala. Excavators na ụdị a na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ na drilling rigs, slurry treatment systems, na tremie piping networks, na-emepụta usoro ọrụ jikọtara ebe ọnọdụ excavator, ikike bucket, na hydraulic power na-emetụta nke ọma nke itinye mgbidi mkpuchi na nkwụsị ala. Usoro ọrụ na-elekwasị anya na iwepụ ala a kụrụ na njikwa mmiri ala na-abanye na mbido na nke a na-ebute. Na owuwu diaphragm wall dịka EN 1536, excavators na-ewepụ cuttings nwere bentonite site na mgbidi ndu na usoro nkwado trench, na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge na drilling rigs mgbidi ndu iji guzobe geometries panel planar na ±500 mm horizontal tolerances. Maka ọrụ mkpuchi, excavators na-ahụ maka iwepụ spoil site na auger flights na usoro ntụgharị casing, nke dị mkpa iji manten hydrostatic equilibrium na trench dị omimi. Na ọrụ nkwado jet grouting, excavators na-ewepụ mixed soil-cement columns na oversized fragments nke drilling rigs enweghị ike ịkpa, na-ewepụ nsogbu na n'ịwepụ casing na itinye panel mgbidi. Ngwaọrụ ngwakọta ala na-eji buckets excavator nwere paddles ngwakọta pụrụ iche iji kwadebe strata dị nro ma ọ bụ ihe a kụrụ tupu iji ya na embankments ma ọ bụ usoro slurry. Nhazi ngwa ọrụ na-agbanwe dabere na ịdị omimi nke ngwa na ụdị ala. Conventional backhoe excavators (CAT 320, Komatsu PC200) na-eje ozi na ịdị omimi ruo 15 m na ikike hydraulic bucket nke 0.8–1.2 m³, nke dị mma maka mgbidi ndu na excavation panel elu. Ụdị longreach nwere 11–14 m boom extensions na-akwado diaphragm wall panels dị omimi (25–50 m ịdị omimi) na-enweghị enyemaka crane na-agba. Amphibious excavators na-eme ka saịtị kwụsị na ịnweta ebe a na-ahụghị site na usoro trestle nke oge. Ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche gụnyere high-flow hydraulic quick couplers (ISO 16028), digging buckets dị arọ nwere usoro teeth na-emepụta nke a na-atụ anya maka soils cohesive nwere SPT N-values na-eru 50, na buckets na-emegharị slurry nke a na-eme ka ha na-ahụ maka iwepụ spoil submerged na-enweghị air entrainment. Nhọrọ usoro na-adabere na ịdị omimi nke ịkụ, diameter borehole, njirimara strata ala (ISO 14688), ihe achọrọ slurry density, na njedebe nke ịnweta saịtị. Ibu igwe na ikike ala (na-ejikarị 60–80 kPa maka mats nke oge) na-achọpụta ma ọ bụ ụdị tracked ma ọ bụ wheeled na-adabara ọnọdụ saịtị. Excavator hydraulic flow rates ga-adị na njikọ na outputs pump mud nke drilling rig iji gbochie mgbanwe slurry level nke na-eru ±500 mm, dịka ISO 22476-12 na-achịkwa maka njikwa àgwà owuwu ntọala. Ncheta onye na-arụ ọrụ na trenching stability, slurry rheology, na njikwa cuttings gradation na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị iche na saịtị obodo ma ọ bụ profaịlụ ala na-adịghị mma. Ụkpụrụ ndị metụtara gụnyere EN 1536 (ime ihe nke ọrụ geotechnical pụrụ iche—diaphragm walls), DIN 4126 (tolerances mgbidi diaphragm), ISO 14688 (njirimara ala maka ọrụ geotechnical), ISO 22476-12 (àgwà mmiri drilling na nyocha borehole), na API RP 2A (ihe atụ maka imewe ntọala maka ibu ngwa). Ikwesiri ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ndị a na-eme ka itinye excavator na-eme ka ọ dabara na nkwụsị ala, composition slurry, na usoro iwepụ cuttings nke ndị injinia ntọala na ndị ọchịchị kwadoro.