Ngwá ọrụ cranes na-ebuli

Ihie ndị na-ebuli elu bụ usoro ịrị elu pụrụ iche dị mkpa maka itinye na njikwa ọrụ nke ngwá ọrụ ntọala omimi a na-eji na nrụpụta mgbidi diaphragm, itinye mkpuchi, itinye secant pile, na teknụzụ mgbochi ala ndị metụtara. Dị ka ngwá ọrụ nkwado n'ịbụ nke mgbidi ala, ndị na-ebuli elu na-enye ike mechanical dị mkpa iji kwụsị, kwado, na ibuli ngwá ọrụ arọ, usoro casing, na ngwá ọrụ drilling na omimi na-adịkarị karịa 100 mita n'okpuru ọkwa elu. N'ọrụ mgbidi diaphragm, ndị na-ebuli elu na-ahụ maka itinye usoro mgbidi steel, tubes casing nke a na-emegharị (n'ozuzu 600–1,200 mm diameter), buckets grab, pipes tremie, na ngwá ọrụ excavation pụrụ iche niile a chọrọ maka itinye panel na-akwado slurry. Maka usoro mkpuchi—na-agụnye mgbidi ala-cement-bentonite (SCB), columns ngwakọta ala omimi (DSM), na ngwa jet grouting—ndị na-ebuli elu na-ahụ maka itinye na iwepụ ngwá ọrụ na ngwakọta n'okpuru njikwa kwụ ọtọ ziri ezi. N'ịrụpụta secant na tangent pile, ngwá ọrụ na-ebuli elu na-eme ka ngwá ọrụ boring, usoro casing nke oge, na usoro itinye kọntakt mgbe ha na-ahụ maka ike mgbochi na-emepụta site na mgbanwe ala na friction. Usoro ọrụ na-eji ike mechanical ma ọ bụ hydraulic na-ebufe site na eriri waya ma ọ bụ chains arọ, na-akwado ngwá ọrụ kwụ ọtọ n'ime boreholes mgbe na-edebe ọnụego ịda na njikwa dị mkpa maka nkwado slurry na nhazi ngwá ọrụ. Usoro nke oge a na-agụnye njikwa ngwá ọrụ, usoro mgbochi na-emegharị, na ngwaọrụ na-enyocha omimi iji mee ka itinye nke ọma n'ime bands tolerances nke na-adịkarị ±50 mm na omimi ọrụ. Crane ga-ahụ maka ibu kwụsiri ike na ibu na-agbanwe sitere na mgbochi ngwá ọrụ, friction n'akụkụ sistem casing, na cycles ịrị elu/ịda nke bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ ịrị elu n'usoro. Ụdị ngwá ọrụ dị na ahịa gụnyere ndị na-ebuli elu lattice mobile (50–300 tonne capacity) na platforms tracked ma ọ bụ wheeled, na ndị na-ebuli elu derrick kwụsiri ike na sistem boom jikọrọ na ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala na-emegharị. Nhazi pụrụ iche gụnyere ndị na-ebuli elu pedestal offshore maka ngwa mmiri omimi, ndị na-ebuli elu na-emegharị maka ọrụ n'okpuru mmiri, na nhazi nkwụsị otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ahịrị nke a na-eme ka ọ dabara na nkesa ibu na omimi ọrụ. Usoro njikwa na-agụnye site na usoro njikwa mechanical manual ruo na nhazi hydraulic zuru oke na teknụzụ valve proportional na-enye ohere maka njikwa ịda dị mma. Nhọrọ nke usoro gụnyere ibu kwụsiri ike kachasị (na-atụle ibu ngwá ọrụ, mgbanwe mmiri drilling, na ihe nchekwa na-agbanwe), ọsọ ịrị elu, iru boom na ikike njikwa n'akụkụ, na ịdị adị nke usoro njikwa. Ndị injinia ga-enyocha ọnụego ikike nhazi (n'ozuzu 4:1 minimum safety factor maka ọrụ ịrị elu), gụọ ike mgbochi ala pụrụ iche na-emetụta ngwá ọrụ kwụsiri ike, na kwado tolerances gburugburu maka ngwa mmiri, permafrost, ma ọ bụ ngwa na-emepụta kemịkal. Ndị a na-emetụta ụkpụrụ gụnyere EN 14439 (nchekwa ngwá ọrụ drilling), ISO 4413 (nchekwa usoro hydraulic), API RP 54 (ụkpụrụ drilling oilfield), ụkpụrụ DIN maka ngwá ọrụ ịrị elu mechanical, na iwu ụlọ nke mpaghara a na-achịkwa ọrụ nke oge na usoro na-akwado ibu. Nkwado na-eme ka ngwá ọrụ nwee ntụkwasị obi, nchekwa ndị na-arụ ọrụ, na njikọ na omume kacha mma nke injinia ntọala omimi.