Abaphakeli Be-Under-Reamers (Ukukhulisa Phansi Kwe-Casing)

Amakhemikhali, akhiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze enze umthamo ophansi, ayizinsiza ezibalulekile embonini yokwakha ezijulile nezobuchwepheshe bomhlaba. Lezi zihloko zokubhoboza ezikhethekile zandisa ububanzi bezikhukhula, zikwazi ukufaka ama-pile neminye imikhiqizo yeziqhubekela phambili ezijulile. Ngokwenza kube lula ukudala izikhala ezinkulu ngaphansi kokuhlanganisa okukhona, amakhemikhali avumela ukukhuphuka kwezinsiza zokuphathelene nomthwalo nokuzinza kwendawo ehlukene yokwakha. Umklamo wabo onobuchule usize ukuhlinzeka ngempumelelo ekubhobozweni, okwenza bahlale beyigugu kubaphakeli nabaklami ababandakanyeka emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Ukusebenza kwekhemikhali kuhilela ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokujikeleza noPressure ephansi. Lesi sikhungo sivamise ukufakwa kwi-drill string bese silayishwa ngaphakathi esikhukhuleni, lapho sikhishwa ukuze sandise ububanzi bezikhukhula ezikhona. Njengoba ikhemikhali ijikeleza, izingxenye zokuqeda zikhula phesheya, ziqinisa umhlaba ozungezile futhi zikhulise indawo. Le ndlela ikakhulukazi iphumelela ezindaweni zomhlaba ezinzima, lapho izindlela zokubhoboza zendabuko zingase zingakwazi ukufezekisa imiphumela efisayo. Ikhono lokudala isikhukhula esikhulu livumela ukuphuculwa kokucindezela komhlaba kanye nokufakwa kwe-pile ezinezikhala ezinkulu, okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwesakhiwo sokwakhiwa. Izinhlelo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa amakhemikhali emsebenzini yokwakha ezijulile nezobuchwepheshe bomhlaba zifaka phakathi ukufaka ama-shafts abhoboziweyo, ama-pile we-augmented-concrete, kanye ne-micropiles. Ziyasebenza ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho kubalulekile ukukhuphula umthwalo, njengezakhiwo ezinamandla kakhulu noma ezindaweni ezinezimo zomhlaba eziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhemikhali adlala indima ebalulekile ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa umhlaba, avumela ukufakwa kwamacilongo agqunyiweyo nezinye izindlela zokuzinza ezithuthukisa izici zomhlaba. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kwenza kube lula ukusebenza ezinhlelweni ezehlukene, kusuka ezakhiweni zokuhweba kuze kube ukuthuthuka kwe-infrastructure. Izincazelo ezijwayelekile zamakhemikhali ziyahlukahluka kuye ngempumelelo ethile nezidingo zephrojekthi. Usayizi ojwayelekile uqala ku-6 inches uye ngaphezu kwama-30 inches ububanzi, uvuma ukujula kwezakhi zokubhoboza nezinhlobo zomhlaba ezahlukene. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngekhemikhali zikhethwe ukuze zibe namandla nezinto eziningi ezilwanyana, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingabekezelela ubunzima bezimo ezinzima zokubhoboza. Uma kukhethwa ikhemikhali, ochwepheshe kufanele bacabangele izici ezifana nohlobo lomhlaba, ububanzi obudingekayo bokwandisa, kanye nezinga lesikhukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana nezinsiza zokubhoboza ezikhona nezincazelo zephephandaba eziphelele kufanele kuholele ekukhetheni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle. Ekuphetheni, amakhemikhali ayingxenye ebalulekile ezinsizeni zabachwepheshe bokwakha ezijulile nezobuchwepheshe bomhlaba. Ikhono labo lokwandisa izikhukhula ngaphansi kokuhlanganisa kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokufakwa kweziqhubekela phambili nezindlela zokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Ngokwakuqonda izimiso zokusebenza, izicelo, izincazelo, nezimo zokukhetha ezihlobene namakhemikhali, abaphakeli bangase benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile eziholela emiphumeleni ephumelelayo yephrojekthi. Utshala imali ezinsizeni ze-amakhemikhali ezisezingeni eliphezulu kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza nokuphila kwesistimu yokwakha ejulile, ekwakha ukuphepha nokuzinza kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe.