--- Ezinhlelweni zeziqongo zokuhlola umhlaba ezizenzakalelayo, ukudidiyela kusebenza njengezixhumi ze-mechanical ezibalulekile ezihlanganisa izingxenye zeziqongo ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokufaka, kuvumela ukuba kugweme umhlaba nezinto zokwakha ezijulile. Lezi zisetshenziswa ezikhiqizwe ngokuqondile ziqondiswe ekwenzeni ukuvikeleka kwemikhiqizo nokugcina umthwalo ohambisanayo kuwo wonke ubude beziqongo. Iziqongo zifaka noma izikhiye ezinezinhlaka ezihlelwe kahle noma ezimweni zokuhlangana, eziqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuthembekile kwamandla okubanjwa nokwehliswa phakathi kwezihlanganisi ezihlanganisiwe ngenkathi zigcina ukujolisa okujwayelekile okubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuphumula. Iziqongo zibalulekile ekugcineni kwezintaba, ekuqiniseni kwezingxenye zezicabha, ekunciphiseni kwezikhukhula, nasekuthuthukiseni izindonga ezikhangayo. Ezisebenziseka kahle ezinhlakeni ezijulile nocwaningo lukamasipala, zivumela onjiniyela ukuba balungise ubude beziqongo ukuze buphindaphinde izimo zomhlaba ezithile, amafayela omhlaba, nezindawo ezidingekayo zokufakwa ngaphandle kokufuna izingxenye ezikhiqiziwe ngokwezifiso. Le modularity ibalulekile kakhulu ezimweni ze-geotechnical eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilela ama-strata amaningi, ubukhulu bomhlaba obuhlukahlukene, noma izindawo ze-rock ezingalindelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqongo zenza kube lula ukuhlela kabusha amaphrojekthi wokugcinwa lapho amazi acwecwethekile adinga ukwandiswa noma ukuqiniswa. Lezi zingxenye zivame ukuhlinzekwa njengezindawo ezikhiqiziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzekwa emaphaketheni ezindala ezizenzakalelayo, zilethwa nezifakelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukubola ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugcina. Endaweni, iziqongo ziqhamuka ziqhume ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlelekile nezezi Ngesi, imvamisa ngama-wrench amathuluzi we-torque noma amathuluzi e-pneumatic ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-preload efanele. Ukugcina kahle ezimfundweni ezomile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikelwa kwesigqoko nokuhlola izikhala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezilwandle noma okumanzi lapho ingozi yokubola iphezulu. Izinhlobo zokudidiyela zifaka izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezinezikhiye ezihambelana nezinhlaka zeziqongo ezikhethiweyo, izinhlobo ezinamandla zokusebenza ezinzima, kanye nezixhumi ezikhethekile ezinezindlela zokuzivala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujikeleza ngenxa yokunyakaza noma ukulinda. Ukuhloswe ngalesi sici kudinga ukwenziwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezithinta imkhawulo ye-Grade 8,8 kuya ku-Grade 10,9 steel, ezinezithiyo eziphakeme ezedlula i-640 MPa, kuqinisekisa amandla omthwalo ahambelana noma adlula izingxenye ezihlanganiswe. Izinketho zensimbi ye-stainless z available zikhona ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesimo somhlaba esidlayo noma izidingo zokuhlala isikhathi eside. Izinhlinzeko zokukhetha iziqongo zifaka ukuvuma kwemithwalo ehambisana nezincazelo zeziqongo, ukuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana kwe-thread, ukuhambisana kwezinto ngokomqolo noma ngezindlela ezicindezelayo, nezidingo zokusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezimweni zomhlaba ezithile. Onjiniyela kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi ukwakheka kwesikhala somhaka kuhlangabezana nemithwalo elindelwe, bahlola bobabili amandla okuthunga okuvama nezidingo zokukhuluma kwemvula noma ukucindezela. Ezisebenzelanayo eMhlabeni, ukukhombisa izincazelo zokudidiyela kuthinta izinga lokuphindwa kwenqubo yesistimu kanye nezinhlaka zokuphepha. Iziqongo ziphathwa ngemigomo ehlanganisa i-EN 197 (izincazelo ze-cement zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa i-grouted), ASTMA A449 (amashalofu ama-hex cap efanele iziqongo eziqinisekisa umthwalo), kanye nemigomo ye-ISO 4014/4016 yezincazelo zohlangano. Izincazelo zephrojekthi zingabhekisela kwi-DIN 934 yeziqongo ze-metric noma imithetho yezwe ethile yokuhlangabezana nezingxenye ezikhiqizwa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana, kuhlanganiswa nezitifiketi zezakhiwo nedatha yokuhlola imishini, kuyinto ejwayelekile embonini yokuhlola ikhwalithi eziphezulu emaphaketheni okuthuthukiswa komhlaba nokuphepha.
--- Ezinhlelweni zeziqongo zokuhlola umhlaba ezizenzakalelayo, ukudidiyela kusebenza njengezixhumi ze-mechanical ezibalulekile ezihlanganisa izingxenye zeziqongo ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokufaka, kuvumela ukuba kugweme umhlaba nezinto zokwakha ezijulile. Lezi zisetshenziswa ezikhiqizwe ngokuqondile ziqondiswe ekwenzeni ukuvikeleka kwemikhiqizo nokugcina umthwalo ohambisanayo kuwo wonke ubude beziqongo. Iziqongo zifaka noma izikhiye ezinezinhlaka ezihlelwe kahle noma ezimweni zokuhlangana, eziqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuthembekile kwamandla okubanjwa nokwehliswa phakathi kwezihlanganisi ezihlanganisiwe ngenkathi zigcina ukujolisa okujwayelekile okubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuphumula. Iziqongo zibalulekile ekugcineni kwezintaba, ekuqiniseni kwezingxenye zezicabha, ekunciphiseni kwezikhukhula, nasekuthuthukiseni izindonga ezikhangayo. Ezisebenziseka kahle ezinhlakeni ezijulile nocwaningo lukamasipala, zivumela onjiniyela ukuba balungise ubude beziqongo ukuze buphindaphinde izimo zomhlaba ezithile, amafayela omhlaba, nezindawo ezidingekayo zokufakwa ngaphandle kokufuna izingxenye ezikhiqiziwe ngokwezifiso. Le modularity ibalulekile kakhulu ezimweni ze-geotechnical eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilela ama-strata amaningi, ubukhulu bomhlaba obuhlukahlukene, noma izindawo ze-rock ezingalindelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqongo zenza kube lula ukuhlela kabusha amaphrojekthi wokugcinwa lapho amazi acwecwethekile adinga ukwandiswa noma ukuqiniswa. Lezi zingxenye zivame ukuhlinzekwa njengezindawo ezikhiqiziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzekwa emaphaketheni ezindala ezizenzakalelayo, zilethwa nezifakelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukubola ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugcina. Endaweni, iziqongo ziqhamuka ziqhume ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlelekile nezezi Ngesi, imvamisa ngama-wrench amathuluzi we-torque noma amathuluzi e-pneumatic ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-preload efanele. Ukugcina kahle ezimfundweni ezomile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikelwa kwesigqoko nokuhlola izikhala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezilwandle noma okumanzi lapho ingozi yokubola iphezulu. Izinhlobo zokudidiyela zifaka izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezinezikhiye ezihambelana nezinhlaka zeziqongo ezikhethiweyo, izinhlobo ezinamandla zokusebenza ezinzima, kanye nezixhumi ezikhethekile ezinezindlela zokuzivala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujikeleza ngenxa yokunyakaza noma ukulinda. Ukuhloswe ngalesi sici kudinga ukwenziwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezithinta imkhawulo ye-Grade 8,8 kuya ku-Grade 10,9 steel, ezinezithiyo eziphakeme ezedlula i-640 MPa, kuqinisekisa amandla omthwalo ahambelana noma adlula izingxenye ezihlanganiswe. Izinketho zensimbi ye-stainless z available zikhona ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesimo somhlaba esidlayo noma izidingo zokuhlala isikhathi eside. Izinhlinzeko zokukhetha iziqongo zifaka ukuvuma kwemithwalo ehambisana nezincazelo zeziqongo, ukuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana kwe-thread, ukuhambisana kwezinto ngokomqolo noma ngezindlela ezicindezelayo, nezidingo zokusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezimweni zomhlaba ezithile. Onjiniyela kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi ukwakheka kwesikhala somhaka kuhlangabezana nemithwalo elindelwe, bahlola bobabili amandla okuthunga okuvama nezidingo zokukhuluma kwemvula noma ukucindezela. Ezisebenzelanayo eMhlabeni, ukukhombisa izincazelo zokudidiyela kuthinta izinga lokuphindwa kwenqubo yesistimu kanye nezinhlaka zokuphepha. Iziqongo ziphathwa ngemigomo ehlanganisa i-EN 197 (izincazelo ze-cement zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa i-grouted), ASTMA A449 (amashalofu ama-hex cap efanele iziqongo eziqinisekisa umthwalo), kanye nemigomo ye-ISO 4014/4016 yezincazelo zohlangano. Izincazelo zephrojekthi zingabhekisela kwi-DIN 934 yeziqongo ze-metric noma imithetho yezwe ethile yokuhlangabezana nezingxenye ezikhiqizwa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana, kuhlanganiswa nezitifiketi zezakhiwo nedatha yokuhlola imishini, kuyinto ejwayelekile embonini yokuhlola ikhwalithi eziphezulu emaphaketheni okuthuthukiswa komhlaba nokuphepha.