Amakhenge Okuphakamisa

Izincwajana zokuphakamisa ziwuhlelo oluthile lwezokuphakamisa olubaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni nasekuqondiseni ukusebenza kwemishini yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile esebenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo ye-diaphragm, ukufakwa kwemigqa yokuhlakulela, ukufakwa kwamapilisi we-secant, kanye nobuchwepheshe bemikhawulo engaphansi kokuphathwa. Njengemishini eyengeziwe ngaphakathi kwezigaba zemigudu yomhlaba, izincwajana zokuphakamisa zinikeza amandla emishini adingekayo ukuze ziphakamise, ziqondise, futhi zikhulule izinsiza ezinzima, izinhlelo zendawo, kanye nemishini yokubhola ezindaweni ezijulile ezivame ukudlula u-100 metres ngaphansi kwezinga lokuphila. Eprojekthini yemibhobho ye-diaphragm, izincwajana zokuphakamisa ziphatha ukufakwa kwezingxenye zensimbi zokuhola, amathube e-casing enziwe ngekhonkrithi aqinisiwe (evamile u-600–1,200 mm ububanzi), amabhakede wokubamba, amaphayiphu okuphuma kwe-tremie, kanye nohlanga lwezithombe ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ukufakwa kwepanelo okuxhaswe ngama-slurry. Kuma-sistimu e-cutoff curtain—okuhlanganisa imibhobho ye-soil-cement-bentonite (SCB), amakholomu e-deep soil mixing (DSM), kanye nezinhlelo zokubhalisa ama-jet—lezi zinkwenkwezi ziphatha ukusatshalaliswa nokuhoxa kwemishini yokusika nokuhlanganisa ngaphansi kokulawula kwangempela okuqondile. Ekukhiqizeni ama-pile angama-secant kanye ne-tangent, imishini yokuphakamisa ibeka amathuluzi okuvula, ama-assemblies wesikhashana, kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka ikhonkrithi ngesikhathi sok امqoka izinhlelo zokuqhula ezithuthukisiwe. Principle yokusebenza isebenzisa ukudluliswa kwamandla kwemishini noma kwe-hydraulic ngezintambo noma amaketanga anetsebenziseka kalula, iphakamisa imishini ngokuqondile emakholweni ngenkathi igcina amazinga okwehla alawulwa abucayi kubuzinzi be-slurry kunye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa imishini. Izinhlelo zesimanje zifaka izigubhu zokulawula yük, ama-anti-sway mechanisms, kanye nezinsiza zokulinganisa ukujula ukuze ziqinisekise ukufakwa okunembile ngaphakathi kwamabhanoyi okuvuma evamile ±50 mm kumazinga okusebenza. Ikreno kufanele ibhekele kokubili imithwalo esekelwe futhi amandla adalwa ngokuphikisa kwezinsiza, ukuwina kwamagquma ezinhlelweni, kanye nemijikelezo yokwenyuka/ukwehla eyenzeka kumsebenzi wokuphakamisa oqhubekayo. Izigaba zemishini ezifaka phakathi izincwajana zokuphakamisa ezihambahamba (50–300 tonne amandla) ezifakwe ezinkundleni ezithwanyayo noma ezinezimpahla, kuze kube yizinkanyezi ezibekwe endaweni ne-system integrated boom ezibekwe kumathraki okumbiwa kukadrako. Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zifaka phakathi izincwajana zokuphakamisa ezisebenza olwandle zokusebenza kwamanzi ajulile, izincwajana zokuphakamisa ezihambayo zokusebenza phansi kwamanzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakamisa ezinokuhlinzeka komugqa owodwa noma emigqeni eminingi evumelanisa ukuhlinzeka kwemithwalo ethile nezindawo ezisebenzayo. Izinhlelo zokulawula zihlala zisuka kumasistimu wokulawula okwenziwa ngesandla kuya kumasistimu e-hydraulic agcwaliswayo ngekhono lokulawula ukuhamba okuthile. Izinkcukacha zokukhetha zifaka phakathi imithwalo ephakanyisiwe eside ephephile (i-accommodating for tool assembly mass, drilling fluid displacement, kanye nezinga lokuphepha eliphakeme), isivinini sokuphakamisa, ukufinyelela kweshubhu nokusebenzisa okulinganiselwe, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula, nokuhlangenwe nakho pH. Onjiniyela kumele baqinisekise imikhawulo yokwakha (ivamile u-4:1 isilinganiso sokuphepha okuncane kokusebenza kokuphakamisa), balinganisela amandla okuphikisa aphathelene nemishini engasetyenziswa, futhi baqinisekise ukugcinwa kwemvelo kwemfuno yezemvelo, i-permafrost, noma izinhlelo ezinamakhono ezikhaliphayo. Izindinganiso ezihlobene zifaka u-EN 14439 (ukuphepha kwemishini yokubhola), u-ISO 4413 (ukuphepha kwamasistimu e-hydraulic), u-API RP 54 (izindinganiso zokubhola emaphandleni), izindinganiso ze-DIN zezinto zokuphakamisa ezizenzakalelayo, nezimiso eziphephile zamanje ezibophezelekile ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi yesikhashana nezakhiwo ezisindayo. Ukulandela kuzokwenza ukwethembeka kwemishini, ukuphepha komsebenzi, futhi kuhlangane nezindlela zokwakha ezilungiselelwe izisekelo ezijulile.