I-excavator

Amaphampu, emsebenzini yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kanye nezokuzinza komhlaba, amabamba e-auxiliary abalulekile sokulungisa indawo, ukuhlinzwa komhlabathi, ukusizana nokuphatha izinto, nokwenza izixazululo zobunjiniyela ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zomhlaba kanye nezifundo zokuphonza, ama-excavator asebenza njengamathuluzi ayinhloko ukuze akhombise umhlaba, aphathe izinto ezivelelayo, abeke imishini eyingcweti, futhi agcine ukufinyelela okusebenza phakathi kohlelo lokwakha. Indima enkulu yama-excavator emaphrojekthi azisekelo ezijulile ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile: enza ukuhlinzwa kokuqala komhlabathi okudingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe izindawo zokusebenza; aphathe ukususa izinto ezitholiwe nokugcina izinto ezidingekayo ezikude nemingcele yokuhlinza; enze kube lula ukusethwa kwemitha ye-diaphragm wall, amakholomu e-secant pile, nemishini ye-jet grouting; aqinise futhi agcine izakhiwo zokuhola; futhi asekele uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi ngesikhathi sokugcina izinkundla zomsebenzi eziphephile, ezifinyeleleka ekujuleni. Ngezikhala zokuphonza—ngabe zifinyelelwa ngezindonga ze-diaphragm, amakholomu e-jet grouting, amakholomu e-soil-cement, noma amasistimu ama-sheet pile—ama-excavator anikeza amandla ayisisekelo ukuhlinza ipuleti lomhlaba, asethe izithasiselo zokulawula ezihorizontal nezenzakalayo, aphathe izimo zamanzi angaphansi, futhi abheke ukusetshenziswa kwezokwakha okuqhubekayo phansi kwezikhathi zephrojekthi ezinde. Ngokwenqubo, ama-excavator afinyelela lezi zisebenzi ngama-hydraulic bucket systems, anika amandla ukususa umhlabathi ngaphansi kwezindawo eziphakeme nezingafani zezimo zejoloji. Izinhlobo zamabhakede zikwazi ukugwema izimo zomhlaba okuthile futhi zigcine ingcindezi ephansi yomhlaba, okubalulekile uma usemkhatsini wezinhlelo ezithinta emhlabeni, izisekelo ezisemthethweni, noma izindonga zezimoto. Izinhlobo ezinamathayi zinikeza ukuhamba okuhle kakhulu ukuze kube nokuxhumana okusheshayo phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza. Ukukhethwa kwamaqhekeza—amaqhekeza okugaya ajwayelekile, ama-dredging buckets, ama-buckets abheke phansi, noma ama-buckets akhethekile—akha umjikelezo we-excavator ukuze udlulele ezimfanelweni zomhlabathi ezithile nezidingo zokuphatha izinto ezitholakala ezikhumulweni eziphakeme ezinezingxenye zensimbi, umhlabathi, i-clay, ne-cobble. Ukumiswa kwemishini kuleli qembu kuvamise ukuhlanganisa ama-excavator ahlukaniswe nge-hydraulic kusuka kumathani angama-20 kuya kwama-100+, kanti ubude be-boom buphakathi kuka-6 kuya ku-12 metres ukuze bavumele ubukhulu bokusebenza ezimehlweni nezidingo zokufinyelela izinto. Izinhlobo ezinde zifinyelela ku-18-22 metres, zixazulula izinselelo zokuhlinza okujulile, izindawo ezinoshukela, nezindawo ezinqamulayo. Ukumiswa kwemishini eyengeziwe ye-dredging, eqhubeleka ngezindlela zokuzungezisa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo ze-drag-bucket, kusekela ukuhlinzwa okungaphansi noma ngaphansi kwethebhu yamanzi okuwumsebenzi obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwekhefu eliqinile okudingayo ukufakwa kwemithombo yamanzi eqhubekayo. Izimo zokukhetha zifaka phambili ukuzinza okuphezulu komhlaba ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yesizinda, ubude bokuhlinza obudingekayo kanye nenani eliphelele, ukuvumelana nezinsiza zomhlaba ezikhona, ukukwazi ukuphatha izinto okuhambelana nezikhala zokugcina, imikhawulo yokwakha nokudlidliza ezindaweni ezithinta izindawo zomphakathi okuhlupheka, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zokuhlinza amanzi. Ukufinyelela komphumela we-lateral kanye nezinga lokujula kuqhubekisela phambili ukucwaninga kwephrojekthi nokusebenza okuphephile. Izindinganiso zezimboni ezilawula ukusebenza kwama-excavator zikhumbuza i-EN ISO 6487 (izidingo zokuphepha zamathayi nezisekelo), i-EN 474-1 (isichazamalungu nemigomo yokusebenza), kanye nemigomo yokuphepha emsebenzini efuna ukuqinisekiswa komphakathi. Izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi zihlala zisebenzisa izindinganiso ze-DIN zomsebenzi wezokwakha ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nemihlahlandlela ye-API RP 2A yezenzo ezisemkhatsini lapho ama-excavator asekele khona izinqubo zokufaka ezisekhoneni.