Ibhakohili loaders

Izingxenye zokwakha ezikhokhelwayo zihlala ziqinile, ezihanjiswayo noma ezinqamulelayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhamba komhlaba ezihlanganisa amandla wokulayisha ibhaki elibekwe ngaphambili nezinsimbi zokuhlola ezibekwe ngemuva, zisebenza njengesidingo esibalulekile emisebenzini yokwakha ezinjezehlile nezinye izinhlelo zokuqapha umhlaba. Ezemisebenzi ethile njengemifantu ye-diaphragm, ama-curtain cut-off, izindonga ze-secant pile, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokufaka ama-sheet piles, izikhala zokwakha zihlala ziqinile futhi zikala ukukhulisa amathuba okugcina izinto, ukusekela ukuhamba, nemibandela yokulungiselela umhlaba ezenzakalayo ezivumela ukufezekiswa okuhle kwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zikhala ziphakathi kokukhipha phakathi kwemishini ye-pile driving eqondile nemishini yokuhamba emikhulu, ezinika ukuhamba okungcono ezindaweni ezixinile zasemadolobheni nakwimihlangano yokwakha ethile lapho izinsiza zomhlaba noma izindlela zokwakha ezigxile zidinga impendulo, ezisebenziseka kalula kwezemisebenzi yokuhamba komhlaba. Ekufakeni komdwebo we-diaphragm, izikhala zokwakha zenze ukususa umhlaba nolwazi oluqhamuka ezindaweni zokuhola ze-walls kanye nezindawo zokuhlola amahlelo, ziphathe izingxenye ze-bentonite slurry circulation, futhi ziqhube izinsiza ezisekelayo okufaka phakathi ama-tremie pipe assemblies nezikhumbuzo. Ukuze ube ukufaka ama-cutoff curtains—kukhona ama-jet grout, ama-soil-mixed, noma izakhiwo ze-secant pile—izikhala zokwakha ziphatha ukuhlinzekwa kokwakha izikhala, ukulungiswa kwemigqa ye-slurry nezobumba, ukususa izinto ezivela kumakholomu emhlabathi, nokulungiselela indawo yomhlaba. Ngesikhathi sokufaka izindonga ze-sheet piles, lezi zikhala ziza nosizo ekuhleleni imigwaqo yokufinyelela, ukulungiselela izinto, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokugcina imvelo. I-design yokusebenza kangcono ivumela ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwezemisebenzi ngaphandle kokuphendula imishini: ibhaki le-frontend lihlinzeka ukucwaninga okuqondile kokuqala nokuhamba kwezinto ezinkulu, kanti insimbi yokuhlola ye-rear ihlinzeka umsebenzi omningi ezindaweni ezincane, izinhlelo zokuhlanzeka, nokulungisa umhlaba ngemininingwane. Izinqubo zokusebenza zisebenzisa amandla okwenziwa komshini ukuze ziqhube imijikelezo ezimele ngaphambili nasesikhathini, kuvumela ukusebenza kokulayisha nokuhlola ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ukuhamba komkhankaso nokulayisha okwenziwe kahle ukuze kuhambisane nezigaba zomsebenzi. Ukuqukethwe kwemishini kuhluka ngokuya ngomhlinzeki nemfuneko zohlelo: izinhlobo ezihanjiswayo (12–25 metric tonnes ezisebenzayo) ziphumelela ezimeni zomhlaba ezithambile nasekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kwezindawo, kanti amamodeli aqhubekayo anikeza ukuhamba okungaphezulu endleleni futhi abalulekile ukufaka phakathi izinhlelo zomsebenzi. Amandla okuthola izikhala zokwakha ngokujwayelekile ahlale phakathi kwe-5 no-7 amamitha, ngevolumu ye-bucket eyi-0.6 kuya ku-1.2 cubic metres, enziwe ukuze ihambisane nezinkinga ezijwayelekile zokuphatha izinto ezijulile. Ukuze kusebenze kangcono, izinkampani ziphinde zihlanganise izinhlelo ezisemkhatsini, imijikelezo ye-hydraulic yokusebenza kwe-slurry pumps, nezikhumbuzo zokuhlola ukuze kudluliselwe izikhala ezinembile. Izinketho zibalulekile zokukhetha zibeka phambili ukufinyelela okwakha, ivolumu ye-bucket, ukuhambisana nokukhiqiza umhlaba nezinsiza ze-hydraulic ezitholakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhala zokwazisa ezilindelwe nezindawo zemathuluzi. Emithanjeni enembile ye-clay efuna kusebenze kwe-slurry, ukuzinza kwemishini nokusebenza kwezimo kumele kubhekwe kakhulu; emithanjeni ye-granular efuna ukususa izinto ngokushesha, isikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-bucket kanye nezinga loku-optimisation ziba izinzuzo eziyinhloko. Izindinganiso ezihambisanayo zezimali ziba zikhona kusuka ku-ISO 7451 (nomenclature ye-backhoe loader performance), EN 459-1 (safety ye-hydraulic machinery), kanye nemibhalo ye-ISO 4413 (protocols ye-hydraulic safety). Ukuhlaziywa kwezimali ngokuhambisana ne-DIN 1600 kanye nezifundo zokukhiqiza ezithile njengokuhamba komhlaba nge-EN 1997-1 Design ye-Geotechnical kuthola ukumiswa kwemishini noshintsho lokusebenzisa phakathi kwemiphakathi ye-engineering ye-deep foundation.