Imishini ye-concrete

Imishini yezakhiwo zomshini wephepha zikhombisa isigaba esikhethekile semishini nezinsizakusebenza eziklanyelwe ukufaka, ukudala, nokuhlanganisa ingca embozwe emphakathini ophakeme kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisekelwa yizifunda ezifana nezindonga ze-diaphragm, izimpawu zokuhlukanisa, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlobene nezivimbela. Le mishini ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusabalalisa kahle ingca nokucindezela ezimeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlala lapho ukufinyelela kube kuncane futhi ukunemba kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bokwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo. Imishini ye-concrete isetshenziswa ezinqubweni eziningi zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, lapho kufanele ukufakwa ingca ngaphakathi kwezifunda ze-bentonite slurry ukuze kugcinwe izinduku ezizinzile ngesikhathi sokumba. Kubalulekile futhi ekufakweni kwezimpawu zokuhlukanisa, kudala izivimbela ezingangeni emanzini noma ezinokungena okuphansi ukuze kulawulwe ukuhamba kwamanzi nemigudu yokungcoliswa. Le mishini isekela ukwakhiwa kwe-secant pile, lapho ama-pile aphindwe ngokuhlanganiswa noma i-jet grouting akha izinhlelo zodonga eziqhubekayo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-sheet pile lapho i-jet grouting ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kanye nokuhamba kwamanzi. Izinhlelo zokufaka ingca zibalulekile ezisebenzelana nezinhlelo zokuxuba umhlabathi kuhlanganisa i-deep soil mixing (DSM) ne-jet grouting, lapho imishini kumele ibambisane nezilinganiso ezikhethekile zokuxuba futhi ilethe i-grout slurry ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokucindezela. Izinqubo zokusebenza ziqhakambisa ukulethwa okukalwe, okulawulwa kwengca noma izixubhu zemathiriyeli ukuya phezulu, ngokuvamile ngokumelene nengcindezi enkulu ye-hydrostatic kanye ngaphakathi eziphuzweni ezinzima. Izinhlelo ze-tremie pipe zimelela ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa amatikiti aqinile noma angathathi zindawo okwehlisa khona ingca phansi nokuqhuba ukwehlukaniswa kokuphakela. Ingca iyakhululwa kancane ukuze kuvinjezelwe ukuhlukaniswa nokungcola, kanti i-tremie ihanjiswa njengoba ingca iphakama. Ezinhlelweni ezisebenzelayo, izinhlelo zokumpompa ingca ziletha imathiriyeli ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kokucindezela okulawulwayo, kanti i-viscosity kanye ne-aggregate gradation kulungiswa ngokuqapha ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa nokuhlinzeka ukusabalala okufanayo. Izinhlelo zokuphinda zisebenzise i-slurry nezokwelashwa ziphatha ikhwalithi nekhono lemiyalo yokufaka. Izinhlobo ezibalulekile zemishini zifaka ama-mixers e-concrete (kusukela kumayunithi e-drum aphethe kuze kube sezinhlelweni ezinkulu zangempela), ama-pump e-concrete (angama-trailer kanye nama-truck enezikhala ezihlukahlukene), izinhlelo ze-tremie pipe ezihlanganisa imishini yokuphakamisa, amadivayisi okulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-concrete, izinhlelo zokwelapha i-slurry kanye nezokukhipha amanzi, kanye nemishini yokufanisa izengezo zokulawula i-viscosity kanye nesikhathi sokusetha. Amadivayisi okucindezela imivande abalulekile ezinhlelweni ezithile. Izinkomba zokukhetha zigxila kumthamo wokuletha, ukuhambelana kokusebenza kwe-concrete neziphuzo zokwesekela, ingcindezi ephezulu yokusebenza, kanye nokunemba kokulawula ukuhamba. Abakhi bahlola umthamo wesixubhu mayelana nesikhathi sokufaka, ukwethenjwa kwepump ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhungathekayo, ukuhambelana kwe-tremie ne-geometry ye-borehole, kanye nemithamo ye-slurry. Izimo zemvelo ezifaka imithelela yokushisa ekuphathweni kwe-concrete nasekuzinzilekeni kwe-slurry zibonakalisa kahle ukucaciswa kwemishini. Izinga elihlobene lifaka phakathi i-EN 1538 (Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi ye-geotechnical ekhethekile—izindonga ze-diaphragm), i-EN 12716 (I-jet grouting—ijubane lokusebenza), kanye ne-DIN 4128 (izinkombandlela zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba). Ukwamukela kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-concrete kanye ne-grout, ukuhlanganiswa okufanele, kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside kwezakhiwo zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba.