Izintambo Zangaphandle ze-Casing

Izintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle zibalulekile ezingxenyeni zohlelo lokubhoboza olunamavili amabili, eziklanyelwe ukuqinisa izimbobo ngesikhathi sokungena ezimweni ezinzima zezingqimba zomhlaba ekwakhiweni kwemizila emikhulu nokuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zifakelo zokubhoboza ezikhethekile zenza umphakathi ohlanganisiwe ongenhla kwethuluzi le-double rotary, zisebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izakhi ezizimele ukuze zifeze ukunwetshwa okunembile kwezimbobo. Izintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle zisebenza kakhulu ukuze zigcine ukuzinza kwezimbobo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomhlaba ezingazinzile lapho izindlela zokubhoboza ezisodwa zinganele ukufezekisa kahle, kusebenze kahle ekwakheni imizila emikhulu efana nezikhonkwane, ama-caisson, nokufakwa komgudu ojulile. Ezimweni zomhlaba ezichazwe ngezinga lempophoma eliphakeme, umhlabathi ophukile, izikhumba eziphansi, kanye nezigaba zomhlabathi ezihlanganisiwe, izintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle zinikeza ukwesekwa okuhlelekile ezindaweni zezimbobo, ezivimbela ukwehla nokugcina ukunemba kwezimfanelo ngesikhathi sonke sokubhoboza. Ukuklanywa kohlelo lokubhoboza olunamavili amabili kuvumela izintambo ezingaphandle ukuba zigubhe ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngaphakathi, kudala nokugcina indawo yokumba ezinzile. Le ndlela ibalulekile lapho kubhoboza ezindleleni ze-alluvial, ezingxenyeni zamatshe ezihlungiwe, nasemazingeni ahlukeneyo lapho ukulawula amanzi angaphansi nomsebenzi wezindonga kubhekwa njengezinselelo ezinkulu zokwakha. Izintambo ezingaphandle zingabekwa ngemikhono yokusika ethile noma izicubu kuya ngezimfanelo zomhlaba ezithile kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi, ukusuka ezinqumweni zamatshe anzima kuya ezinhlelweni zomhlabathi ezithambile. Izicelo zokusebenza nezintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle zifaka amaphrojekthi ebukhulu obujulile, kufaka phakathi ukuthungatha okwakhe ukudonsa emabhuloheni, izakhiwo eziphakeme, izakhiwo zezimboni, kanye nezinsiza ezibalulekile. Lezi zinhlelo zenza kahle ezindaweni zasedolobheni lapho imisindo nezinqubo zokushelela zikhawulela izindlela zokufaka izikhonkwane, njengoba ukubhoboza okwenziwe ngama-rotary amabili kusebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuningi. Abakhi abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle bangafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokubhoboza, ukulawula okunembile kwe-diameter, kanye nokuzinza okuqinisekisiwe kwemikhawulo, kube lula ukufaka izikhonkwane ezinkulu, imithombo ye-secant ne-tangent, kanye nezindawo zomzila zodaka. Le ndlela ivumela ukubhoboza kube ngezinga elikhulu ngenkathi kugcinwa ukulingana okuhle nokuphakama okuyimfuneko okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngobunjalo besakhiwo. Ukuqhutshwa kahle kwezinhlelo zezintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle kudinga ukuthola okujulile kwezimfanelo zomhlaba, ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezinhlelo zokuhamba kukaloliwe wokubhoboza, kanye nokulawula ngokunembile imishini ye-double rotary rig. Ukukhethwa nokuqonda kwezintambo zokufaka ezingaphandle kuye ngokuya ngezinga lemp pression, izincazelo ze-diameter yezimbobo, ukujula okubhodwe, kanye nephrofayili yomhlabathi nezinsiza ezitholakele ngesikhathi sokuhanjiswa. Amaqembu e-geotechnical engineering asebenza ngokubhoboza izikhala zokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kokungena kwe-cone, kanye nedatha yokuhlola izimbobo ukuze kuhlelwe izimo zezingaphakathi ze-intambo, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ezimweni ezahlukene ze-geological nezidingo ezithile zokwakha.