Ibhari Amaphoyinti

Izimbobo ze-bar zimelela indlela ebalulekile yokugxila emhlabeni emkhakheni wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kanye nezindlela zokuzinzisa umhlaba, zokuqinisekisa ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo ngokufaka izinsimbi zensimbi enamandla phezulu emhlabathini noma ezinqolobaneni zethaka. Le ndlela yokusebenza eyengeziwe ibalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuhamba kwendawo nasekuqinisekiseni ukumelana nokuphakanyiswa ezimweni ezinzima ze-geotechnical. Izimbobo ze-bar zisebenza ngokudlulisa imithwalo evela ezindaweni ezihlala zingazinzile ziye ezindaweni ezijulile, eziqinile, zakha ubudlelwane bomshini obusakazayo umthwalo endaweni enkulu. Inqubo yokufaka ihilela ukuguguleka izimbobo ezindaweni ezidingekayo, ukufaka izinsimbi zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe, nokufaka ukujula kuzo ngokuphepha emgudwini wombuso. Le ndlela ibalulekile kuma-projekthi adinga izixazululo zokweseka umhlaba ezikadliwa nezilandelayo, inikezela ngenketho ephumelelayo yokugwema iz müdlavis zesakhiwo ezinzima ngenkathi igcinwa izinga eliphezulu lokukwazi ukubamba imithwalo kanye nezikhathi ezinde zokuhlala. Ukufakwa kwezimbobo ze-bar kudinga ukuhlolelekile phezu kobunjiniyela bendawo nezakhiwo zomhlabathi, kuhlanganise ukuhlelwa kokuhluka komhlaba, ukukwazi ukuphakela, kanye nezimo zamanzi aphansi. Ochwepheshe be-geotechnical kufanele bahlaziye amapharamitha amandla, izigwegwe, nezakhiwo zokuhlanganyela ukuze baziqonde kahle ukujula kokufaka izimbobo kanye nedluleka. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomhlaba—kusukela ezweni elibushelelezi, phezulu kwezizinda ezihlanganisiwe ukuya kumaminerali e-rockhead—dinga izindlela zokufaka ezichitshiyelwe nezincazelo zokwakha. Le ndlela iyahambisana nezimo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, kusukela ezweni elixakile le-granular kuya ezindaweni ezinzima zensimbi, okwenza kube lula ukufaka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zeprojekthi. Ukuhlola ngaphambi kokufaka nokuhlolwa kwezimbobo kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukujula okufanele kokufaka, ngokuvamile okuhamba phakathi kuka-10 no-40 metres kuye ngezidingo zeprojekthi nezikhungo ze-geological. Izinqubo zokuzimbandakanya nokufaka kufanele zihambisane nezinga lokwakha lendawo kanye nezincazelo zobunjiniyela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bezimbobo nokuphumelela kokudlulisela imithwalo. Izinhlelo ze-bar anchor zisebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nemikhiqizo eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile yokwakha izisekelo, kuhlanganise namathuluzi okubhalela nokugubha, izitshalo zokufaka, imishini yokuhambisa, kanye nemishini yokuhlola ikhwalithi. Amaqembu wokufaka athatha izinsimbi zensimbi ezinamandla ezihamba phakathi kuka-25mm kuya ku-50mm ububanzi, izinhlelo zokufaka eziphezulu zokwabelana kwemithwalo, kanye namaphethelo okwakha ukukhwabanisa imithwalo. Izinhlelo zokuthola idatha zanamuhla zihlola ugesi we-grout, ukuzinza kwemigudu, kanye nemithwalo ye-anchor ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukukhululeka kokufaka izimbobo ze-bar kuvumela izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha: ukuqinisa izindonga zokukhukhula ngesikhathi sokusebenza ezijulile, ukusekela amakhiwo okugcina, ukuvimbela ukuphuza ezindaweni ezingezinhle ze-geological, ukumelana nezimo ezithelelayo, nokuhlinzeka ngezindonga zezindawo ezinzima ngesikhathi sokwakha izakhiwo ezinzima. Eprojekte zokuthuthukisa umhlaba nangaphansi komhlaba, izimbobo ze-bar ziyasebenzelana nabanye ubuchwepheshe bezisekelo—njengama-micropiles, izindonga ze-diaphragm, neendlela zokuzinzisa umhlaba—ukwakha izinhlelo zokuxhasa umhlaba ezihlangene. Ukusebenza kanye nokwethembeka kwezinhlelo ze-bar anchor ziye zazenza zaba zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokwakha zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi emakhaya asezindaweni ezinomkhawulo nezakhiwo ezikhona ezifuna izixazululo ezichwepheshile, ezilawulayo ze-geotechnical ezinciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba ngenkathi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo nokuhlala kwesikhathi eside.