Izinsiza zokugcwalisa zeziqhingi

Imishini yokugrouta ye-anchors ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokugcinwa komhlaba, ezithuthukisa izakhi ngezinsimbi eziphakamisayo, umthwalo ophakanyiswa, nomkhiqizo wombuso ngokusebenzisa ukufaka imishayo emhlabathini ofanele noma emadwaleni. Ama-anchor omhlaba, aziwa nangokuthi ama-anchor omhlabathi noma ama-anchor edwala, adinga izinhlelo zokugrouta ezikhethekile ukuze adlulisele umthwalo esakhiweni esiphakeme iye ezindaweni ezizinzile zomhlaba ezingaphansi, okwenza imishini yokugrouta ibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezinqubo ezinqamulelayo. Inqubo yokugrouta uqobo ihlanganisa ukufaka izinto ezinamandla eziphezulu ze-grout ezindaweni ezibhalwe phansi ezungeze i-anchor tendon noma ikhebula, ukudala ubude obuqinile obuphikisana nezinsiza zokuth tensile, shear, kanye nezokugoba ezibhekana nakho ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesakhiwo. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekuzinziseni komhlaba okwethulwe kwesikhashana nasendaweni ephakeme, ihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziwusizo ngenxa yezimo zomhlaba ezinzima lapho ukujolisa nendlela ezivamile zingasebenzi kahle. Izindlela zokugrouta eziyinhloko ezisetshenzisiwe ekufakweni kwe-anchor zifaka phakathi imishini yokugrouta ye-athegi eyodwa, lapho i-grout ishishelwa ngqo ezungeze i-anchor tendon ngemuva kokufakwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokugrouta eziningi ezinophumela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucutshungulwa nokugcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwe-matrix yomhlabathi. Imishini yokugrouta ye-pressure ethuthukiswe ngokukhethekile ye-anchors kumele ikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngejubane elifanelwe ngenkathi igcina umfutho ojwayelekile, ngokuvamile ubusuke phakathi kuka-5 no-50 bars kuye ngohlobo lomhlabathi kanye nomklamo we-anchor. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-grout—noma kusekela kumphakathi, izinhlelo zokufaka kemikhakha, noma ama-grouts akhethekile e-anchor—kubeka amandla obudlelwane, ukuqina, kanye nokuhambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-geological ezingase zihlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlola umhlaba nasemisebenzini yokwakha. Amabhompu wokugrouta anamandla aphezulu anokukhishwa okuhlukahlukene, ama-packer okuskena ukuze kugroutwe ngezigaba, izinhlelo zokuhlola umfutho, nezinsiza zokuxuba ziklonyeliswa njengemishini eyisisekelo yezenzo ze-profeshinali zokugrouta, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa komthwalo okulindelwe nokuhambisana nezixazululo zomklamo. Ukuvikelwa komhlaba kutholakala ukubanjwa ku-mazu asezithombeni zokucacisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokwakha, ukuqina kwemidwebo, nezinhlelo zokufaka izisombululo lapho izakhi zidinga umthwalo ophakeme ngaphakathi kwemikhakha ejwayelekile. Emhlabathini onokuhlanganiswa, ubudlelwano be-grout bukhula ngokuhlanganiswa kwenzwa kanye nokulimaza, kuyilapho emhlabathini agqokile kanye nedwala elihlungiwe, ukujolisa kokugrouta kuhlanganisa umphakathi futhi kuthuthukisa umthwalo ukuba eleven-sendekela okubakhungethayo. Ama-anchor edwala afakwe kumaplanethi amancane, i-chalk, i-limestone, kanye ne-granite afinyelela umthwalo ophakeme kakhulu, esekela ama-anchor amakhulu ezitokisini ezibukekayo, imigwaqo yokudonsa, nezinhlelo ezinzima zendawo. Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokugrouta kumele kubhekelele izimo ze-borehole, ukungena kwamanzi, ukujuleka komhlaba, kanye nemithwalo edingekayo, abaqeqeshiwe besebenzisa ukuphathwa komfutho, ukuqapha ukuhamba, kanye nokuhlolwa komthwalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-anchor afakiwe ahlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwesakhiwo eminyakeni eminingi yesevisi. Ukufeza kahle ukusebenza kwe-grout kuthinta ngqo uhlelo lokwakha, izindleko ezihlakaniphile, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwezinqubo ezinqamulelayo ezindaweni ezinzima ze-geotechnical engineering.