Ibhola leNhlaba

Ibholo lezinhlaka liyizinsiza zokuhlala ezishaywayo ezihlinzeka ngensiza ebalulekile nokuqina kwi-zenzele zezigodi nezihlahla zegeological ezingxenyeni ezinzulu zokwakha kanye nezinhlelo ze-geotechnical. Lezi ziqukathi zokuphakamisa zibekwe ngemicabango ehlalayo kwi-bores edwetshulwe emathafeni amahlanga futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvuseleleni izindawo ezinzima, ekwakhiweni kwemigodi, nasezinhlelweni zokwakha lapho izimo zomhlaba zidinga ukwesekwa okwandisiwe nokwengeziwe. Ibholo lezinhlaka limele enye yezindlela ezinzima nezithembekile zokuncika emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezigodi ezibhujiswa, amahlanga anamahligisi, noma izinyathelo eziyingozi ezingase zibe nezinkinga ezinkulu zokwakha. Ngokwabelana kwezinsiza ezinzima phela emathafeni amakhulu futhi kuvinjwa ukujaha okuqhubekayo kumabhamuza nezindawo ze-geological, amabholo wezinhlaka avumela izinhlelo zokwakha ukuthi zihambe kahle nangokuphepha ezindaweni ezinzima ze-geotechnical. Ukufakwa kwamabholo wezinhlaka kudinga imishini ethile ye-geotechnical yokuwela phansi nezimfuneko zokuvumela zokuphakamisa ezihlinzeka ngokuqonda okuphelele kokubamba. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokufaka amabholo wezinhlaka zifaka ukuwelelwa kwamabhobo afaneleka kahle ezikhathini ezinqunyiwe nezizinda, kulandele ukufakwa kwento yokubamba kanye nokuhlala noma ukukhanya okubhaliswa ukuze kusetshenziswe ukukhipha imithwalo phakathi kwebolo ne-rock ezizungezile. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlala wokuphakamisa zifaka amabholo agcotshwe ngokuphelele, ama-friction anchors agcotshwe nge-cement, nama-anchors azishayayo ahlanganisa ukuwelwa nokufakwa emsebenzini owodwa. Imishini ehlobene njengezinhlelo zokuphuma zamabholi, ama-augers ansomi, kanye nemimasikhi yokushaya kukhuthaza ukufakwa okukhethekile nokuthuthuka komthwalo onembile. Lezi zinhlelo zokubamba emhlabeni kumele zikhonze futhi zifakwe ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo lwe-geotechnical nezincazelo zokwakha ezithatha izimo zomhlaba, ukwakheka kwe-discontinuity, nezimo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Amabholo wezinhlaka atholakala ezimfundisweni ezahlukene zokwakha nokuzenzela emhlabeni lapho izimo zomhlabathi nezempentre zidinga ukuqina okwakho. Emsebenzini wokucijihla phansi nasemigodini, amabholo wezinhlaka ahlinzeka ngensiza ebalulekile emapalini nasemathunjini, avimbela ukuwa kwamadwala nokuphalaza okungase kube yingozi kubantu kanye nemishini. Iphrojekthi ye-slope stabilization isebenzisa amabholo wezinhlaka ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwemihwa futhi kuqinise ama-escavations aqhuba phezulu ezindaweni ezinzima noma kumasimu athunyelwa. Izicelo zokwakha zifaka ukuqinisa ama-slope ashintshayo ajwayelekile ezakhiwo ezinkulu, ukuqinisa amahlanga amancane ngaphansi kwezakhiwo eziphakanyisiwe noma ezikhungweni, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngensiza yokubeletha emisebenzini yokukhumbulula. Ukuhlala njalo nendawo nezindawo ezithunyelwe ngamabholo wezinhlaka kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziyingozi zokusakaza okungokwemvelo noma ezokuma okuhlukile, lapho izisekelo ezijwayelekile zingatholakali. Umsebenzi owaziwayo wasebholo lezinhlaka, ungenisa umthelela ophansi emvelweni nokuphazamiseka komhlaba ngezikhathi zokufaka, ukwandise njengemisebenzi eyinhloko emkhakheni we-geotechnical ye-zenzele kanye nokuqina okwandulelayo ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-geological nezokwelapha.