Amathuluzi okumba ama-micropiling akhombisa imishini echwepheshile eyenzelwe ukubhekana nezimo ze-geotechnical ezinzima lapho izindlela zokwakha ezijwayelekile zibonakala zinganele noma zingenakwenziwa. I-micropiling, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukumba ama-minipile, ibe yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzinza komhlaba ekwakhiweni kwezinto zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga umsebenzi wombhede ngaphansi kwezinsiza ezisemthethweni, ezindaweni ezinamathafa asezindaweni zedolobha, noma lapho kukhulu ukusebenza kocingo nokuqashwa okukhawulelwe kudinga izixazululo zokumba eziphathekayo, ezihamba phambili. Lezi zinsiza zokumba zenza ukuthi abaqashi bakwazi ukufaka ama-pile amancane, avamise ukuba phakathi kuka-150mm no-300mm ubukhulu, agibe ezindaweni ezinzima zomhlaba futhi adlulisela amandla emathafeni apholile. Inqubo ibandakanya ukumba ngokujikelezisa, ukumba okunomthelela, noma izindlela zokumba ezijikelezayo ukuze kugijime ezimweni zezinto zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa i-clay eqinile, itshe elishisayo, umhlabathi wesanti, kanye nezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, kudala ama-boreholes aqinisiwe ngama-casings ensimbi futhi agcwaliswe nge-grout ukuze akhe ama-micropiles avunyelwe ukugcina yük. Ukusebenzisa kahle ukumba ama-micropiling kudinga imishini eyenziwe ngendlela ethile engakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamandla afanele asebenza kahle ngenkathi igcina ubuciko bokuqhubekela phambili nokuphatha izimo ezibucayi eziphansi. Abashayeli basebenzisa ama-rigs wokumba amagiya ajikelezayo, izinkundla ezincane zokumba ezijikelezayo, nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zama-auger ezilinganisa ukusebenza kahle kokumba nezimo ze-site ezijwayelekile ezivamile kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela, izinsiza ezizophinde zibe neziphakamiso, nezisebenzi zokwakha. Lezi zinsiza kufanele ziqinisekise ukusimama kokusebenza nangokulawula ukwakha nokuphuma kwezindleko ezinzima kusuka emabhodini aqinisayo. Izimo zomhlabathi ezitholakala ngesikhathi se-micropiling zidinga ukusatshalaliswa kwemishini—kusuka kumadlabhu amanzi nesilika odinga izindlela zokumba ezilawulwayo kuye emhlabathini owomile, we-pavement kanye ne-bedrock eyahlukeneyo edinga usizo lokumba noma izinhlelo zokuhambisa ezikhethekile eziphakanyiswa njengoba kusashoda. Izicelo zamathuluzi okumba ama-micropiling zifaka izimo eziningi zokwakha lapho ukuzinza komhlaba kubalulekile. Ukuvuselela izindawo zedolobha nokwenzeka kwezinto zomlando kuyisimo esiyinhloko, lapho izinsiza ezikhona zinganezela ugesi ovamile wokugcina ama-pile. Ukuvuselelwa kwemigwagwa, ukwesekwa kokumba, nokunciphisa izinhlekelele zomhlaba kuvame ukufuna ukufakwa kwama-micropile ukuze kuqinise imithwalo engalungile. Izindawo zezimboni, izinsiza zehavu, nokwakha okuqinile ezindaweni eziphakeme zihlala zicebile ngezinga lokusebenzisa i-micropiling ukufinyelela ezitweni ezimaphakathi nezindlunkulu eziqine kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kwezindawo eziyingozi kwesinye isikhathi kudinga ubuchwepheshe bokumba ama-micropiling ukuze kube nokufinyelela ezindaweni zokwelapha ngaphansi kwezindawo ezithokozisayo. Amathuluzi okumba akha lezi zicelo kufanele aveze ukuhweba okuphumelelayo ezindaweni ezincane, ahlinzeke ukusebenza okuqinile kukho konke ukwakheka komhlaba, futhi anikeze abaqashi ubuciko obudingekayo ukuze bafeze izicelo zokwakhiwa kokuqina ngokungenelela kwezindleko nokulawulwa kokuhlala. Ososayensi abenza lezi zinhlelo zokumba bahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza nemfundo ye-geotechnical ukuze baphucule izindlela zokumba, baphathe inqubekela phambili yokumba, bakhethe izinhlelo ezifanele ze-casing ne-grouting, futhi baqinisekise ukufakwa kwama-micropile kuhambisana nezidingo zempahla yokwakha njalo kube nesiphetho eside.
Imishini yokubhoboza i-hollow auger imele indlela ebalulekile ekufakweni kwe-micropile, inikeza amakhono akhethekile okubhoboza ukuze kwakhiwe izimbobo ezimweni ze-geotechnical eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho imishini evamile yokushaywa kophahla noma izindlela zokubhoboza ezijwayelekile zingafaneleki. Le mishini ibalulekile enqubo ye-micropiling, uhlelo lwesisekelo esijulile olusebenzisa amaphayili amancane, anohlu olubanzi, phakathi kuka-150mm no-300mm ububanzi, ukuze kudluliselwe umthwalo wesakhiwo emangcwabangweni aphukile noma angcolile kuzo ezisemagqumeni afanele. Ama-hollow augers asebenza ngendlela yokujikeleza ngenkathi edlula ku-profile yomhlabathi, lapho imithombo ephakathi ivumela ukuhamba kweshani yokubhoboza nokufakwa kwe-casing ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivumela ukusethwa kokulawulwa kwezinto zezakhiwo namakholomu e-grout akha umnyango wesisekelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokubhoboza i-hollow auger kuhambisana nezinselelo ezahlukene ze-geotechnical, kuhlanganisa neprojekthi ezidinga ukufaka isisekelo sezakhiwo ezikhona, ukuqinisa ama-slopes, ukwakha ama-layer omhlabathi anobubha, nomsebenzi wesisekelo ezindaweni ezinamakhono okungena okukhawulelwe lapho imishini esindayo evamile ingasebenzi. Le mishini ikhaliphe kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandlululayo zomphakathi, eduze kwezikhungo ezikhona, ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphakama okuphansi, nasemhlabathini aqukethe ama-boulders noma ama-cobbles angavimbela imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokubhoboza. Izinhlelo ze-micropiling ezifakwe ngama-hollow auger zokubhoboza zinikeza amandla aphezulu omthwalo naphezu kokuncipha kobubanzi bazo, zenze zibe izixazululo ezikahle kwezomnotho zokuthuthukisa izisekelo ezinganele noma ukusabalalisa imithwalo egxile ezindaweni ezibanzi. Oonjiniyela bakhetha izindlela zokubhoboza i-hollow auger lapho izithiyo zesayithi, izinqubomgomo zemvelo ezikhawulela ukudlidliza noma umsindo, noma izimo zomhlabathi ezithile zidinga ukubhoboza okuqondile ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka komhlaba. Imisebenzi yokubhoboza i-hollow auger idinga imishini ethuthukiswe kahle efaka phakathi ama-rotary rigs anamandla akwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-torque elawulwayo, izinhlelo zokuphatha ubude, kanye nezinsiza zokufaka izikhwama ezigcina ukuvumelana okuqinisekile okuqondile noma okujoliwe. Izinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi lokubhoboza, ezivame ukusebenzisa i-bentonite slurry noma izinto ezisebenziseka nge-polymer, ziqeda izicwengi ezivela embobinini ngenkathi ziqinisa ama-sidewalls emhlabathini onjengwe ne-saturated. Izimo zomhlaba ezifanele ukuhlinzeka nge-hollow auger zifaka i-silt, i-clay, amatshe aphukile, kanye nezinto zokuguqula lapho izindlela zokujikeleza zinikeza ukulawula okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokushaya. Abakhiqizi abanamakhono abenza lezi zinhlelo basebenzisa abantu abakhethekile abaqeqeshiwe ezinhlelweni zokubhoboza eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-geotechnical kwezimo zokubhoboza ezikhombisa ukuguqulwa kwezilinganiso zomhlaba noma amandla amabhulashi ahlukene. Indlela yokubhoboza i-hollow auger ikhipha ukuphazamiseka komhlaba okuncane, ukuhlweza okuncane ezakhiweni ezikanye, futhi isusa imiphumela yokudlidliza nomsindo ehambisananokukhishwa kophahla, iyenza ikhethwe ezindaweni zokuvikelwa kwemivubukulo, ezindaweni ezithinteka kalula ngezikhukhula, nasemaphandleni anabantu abaningi. Ukufakwa kwe-micropile okunekhwalithi okufezwe ngama-hollow auger kokubhoboza kuhlinzeka ngokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwizakhiwo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa okuphuthumayo noma ukuqinisa isisekelo, kuhlanganisa ukunemba kwezobuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ngobubanzi namandla okuhamba kwezinkanyezi ezijulile ezihambisana nezinhlaka zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene nezimo zokufaka eziyinselele.
Ukugqoka kanye nokubhola komoya kumiswa kwezindlela ezibalulekile embonini ye-micropiling kanye nezisekelo ezijulile, ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni imithombo yokubhola ethize ezimweni zejeoloji ezinzima lapho izindlela zokubhola ezijwayelekile zingase zingasebenzi. Lezi zindlela zokubhola zisebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile okumbhola aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa imithombo yokubhola ngasikhathi sinye nokukhipha impahla yokuphuma ngokusebenzisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi (ukugqoka) noma umoya uphushed (ukubhola komoya), kuvumela osemqoka ukuba basungule imithombo yokubhola eklanyisiwe futhi ehlala njalo ngokungaphazamiseki. Indlela yokugqoka/ukubhola komoya ibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini ye-micropiling, lapho ukufakwa kwezimagagazi ezincane kudinga ukunembile kakhulu nokuphazamiseka komhlaba okuncane, okwenza lezi zixhobo zokubhola zibalulekile kubachwepheshe bezisekelo nabakhi abaphatha imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni ezixhaswe kakhulu noma ezindaweni ezinezimiso eziqinile zokuvikela ukunyakaza nomsindo. Ukuphathwa kwezobuchwepheshe kokugqoka nokubhola komoya kuhilela ukuthumela imishini yokubhola ekhethekile ehlelwe ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi okuphezulu noma izinhlelo zokulethwa komoya eziyiphumayo ezihlanganiswe phakathi komugqa wokubhola. Ukubhola komoya kuyasebenza kakhulu emhlabathini ophumayo, amat rocks ahlanzekile, kanye nemadamethi ephukile lapho ukujikeleza ngamanzi kuphela kungabangela ukoma ngokweqile noma ukuwa komthombo. Izinhlelo zokugqoka zisebenzisa amapompo angama-centrifugal ukukhulisa amanzi noma i-drilling fluid ngezinga elilawulwayo lok ضغط kanye nezilinganiso, zigcina ukuzinza kwemithombo yokubhola ngenkathi zifaka ama-cuttings phezulu emhlabeni ngendawo ye-annular. Lezi zindlela zivelele emhlabathini ogqokile, ama-sandy formations, nasezimo ezidinga ukuthuthuka kwembobo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokufaka izinto ze-chemical. Abakhi bakhetha phakathi kwezindlela lezi kuye ngohlobo lomhlabathi, izimo zamanzi phansi, ukuphakama kokubhola, ububanzi bemithombo yokubhola, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Amathuluzi okumbhola ngokwawo ahlanganisa ama-bits wokumbhola amabili, ama-stabilizers, kanye namabhari e-kelly aklanyelwe ukumelana ne-cyclic stress kanye nezimo zomhlaba ezithambile ngenkathi kugcinwa ukujula okuphelele kuyo yonke inqubo yokubhola. Izicelo zamathuluzi okugqoka kanye nokubhola komoya zifaka umehluko emisebenzini yephrojekthi ezinzima ezihlanganisa ukufakwa kwezimagagazi zokwakha ukugqugquzela, ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo zebhuloho, ukuvikeleka kwemawara eqinile, kanye nezinhlelo zokulungisa umhlaba. Lezi zindlela zibonakala zibalulekile emigodini ethile ephakeme, umhlaba ophakeme, noma amaform kwa-mashting alula, lapho ukubhola okujwayelekile okwakhiwe kuletsa ukumoshwa kwesinyathelo se-setaal steel kanye nobuqhaza bokusebenza obuphakeme. Ukuguquguquka kokugqoka nokubhola komoya kuvumela ukulungiswa kwezimo zejeoloji ezihlukahlukene ezihlangabezana nekuqhubekiswa kokubhola, kuvumela ukulungisa izindlela ngaleso sikhathi ngokuya nge-strata ethintwe. Imisebenzi yokwakha iyazuza kakhulu ekunciphiseni umthelela kwemvelo, ukukhiqiza umsindo ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa nebhola elipikethe, kanye nokuhambisana nezindawo ezithintekayo urban lapho imisebenzi yezezakhelo kufanele iqhubeke nalapho kukhona ukusungula. Kubachwepheshe be-geotechnical nabakhi bezisekelo, ukutshala kwi-brig ze-tool assembly ezifanele zesiphakamiso sokugqoka nokubhola komoya kuholela esinqumweni esisiza ukuphucula ukusebenza kwephrojekthi, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yemithombo yokubhola, futhi kuvumele ukufinyelela ezikhathini zokuhlola umhlaba ezazinzima ngaphambili emkhakheni wezisekelo ezijulile.
Amathuluzi okubhola i-DTH hammer okwamamicro piles przedstawia indlela ehlosiwe neyeqophelweni yokufaka ama-piles abholwe nge-diameter encane ezimweni zokwakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho amathuluzi okuhlela ajwayelekile angase angaqondakali noma angase ahluleke ekutholeni inzuzo. I-DTH, noma i-down-the-hole, ubuchwepheshe bokubhola be-hammer bulethe amandla okulwa ngokuqondile kumgibeli wobbhe, kuvumela ukungena okusheshayo phakathi kwezintaba eziqinile, izakhiwo zempahla ezijulile, kanye nezakhiwo zezokwakha eziphukile. Le ndlela yokubhola ibalulekile kumaphrojekthi wamicro pile, lapho ukugxila ekubholeni okuncane kanye nokungena okuphakeme kubalulekile ukuze kufakwe ama-casings aqinile ezinsimbi kuya ezindaweni ezijulile imvamisa ezidlula ama-mitha angama-30. Indlela ye-DTH hammer yokubhola yehlisa isikhathi sokubhola uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ze-rotary kuphela, okukhombisa izinzuzo zezindleko kumsebenzi, ukuhweba kwamathuluzi, kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi. Ochwepheshe bezobunjiniyela abaphezulu kanye nabakhi bezithuthi bahlala bethembela kumathuluzi okubhola i-DTH hammer uma besebenza ezindaweni zokwakha ezinganeni ezibophezelwe nezindonga eziqine, noma uma behlola izintaba eziwejayo, i-limestone, i-shale, nezinye izakhiwo zezomhlaba lapho amandla okudonsela ngokujwayelekile engatholakali khona. Inqubo yokwazisa ifaka um head rotary top-drive ophakanyisiwe eduze ne-mast yokubhola esebenza ngokubambisana ne-hammer percussion ye-DTH ekhona ngemuva komgibeli. Umoya ophephethekileyo noma i-nitrogen ibeka amandla kumkhono we-hammer, okungaholela kumazinga okuphumelelisa angama-800 kuya ku-3,000 ukuphosa ngeminute kuye ngezici ezithile zamathuluzi e-DTH nokuthi izimo zomhlaba. Isivinini sokujikeleza sivamise ukudlula kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-80 ukuphindaphinda ngeminute, kuzinzile uma ummazi wama-percussive we-hammer ephukisa futhi abangezivumele izakhiwo zedigri. Izithako zokuhlanza, noma umoya noma amanzimilembe okuhlanza, zikhulula izikhala ezibholwe, zigcina ukuhlanzeka kweholi futhi zivinjeze ukuxhunywa kabili. Le ngxube yokujikeleza nokuhudula ikakhulukazi iyasebenza ezikhungweni ezinhle kakhudlwana zomhlaba, lapho abaphakeli bokubhola behlangabezana nezinguquko ezisheshayo phakathi kohlanga oluthile okanye umhlabathi ongamalungiselelo nezakhiwo ezijulile ezisebenza kahle. Izindawo zokufaka i-micro pile zihlala zifakazela lezi zimo zezomhlaba ezinzima, kuthinta kakhulu amathuluzi okubhola we-DTH kumathuluzi esikhungo sokwakha se-micropiling. Amaphrojekthi e-micropile emiphakathini yasemadolobheni, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izigaba, i-underpinning yezakhiwo ezikhona, kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlanza izindawo ze-seismic kuvamile ukufuna ukubhola kwe-DTH hammer lapho ukuhlela okukhiqizwayo kuvuma ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-overburden, izinto zokugcwalisa, noma umhlanga obufanele ezindaweni ezithile. Ukucacisa okwenziwa yizinsiza ze-DTH kubavumele abaphakeli ukuba bagcine izinqubo ezisolisayo, ezibalulekile lapho kufakwa ama-micro pile aqinile anokwakha eduze nezakhiwo ezikhona. Izicelo zibhalansiswa kumazinga ezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-bridge abutment, ukuthuthukisa umhlaba ngama-landslides emithonjeni enamathafa, kanye nemiphakathi ye-underground enkulu. Izimo zomhlaba ezihlanganisa umsandla kanye negravel enama-cobbles kuya ezindaweni zomphezulu ezingaqinile eziqine kakhulu zihamba phambili ngenxa yemisebenzi yokungena okuphumelelayo okutholwe yi-DTH hammer. Kubachwepheshe bamafundisi bezikhalazo ezijulile kanye nezichwephesha ze-geotechnical, ukufinyelela kumathuluzi okubhola e-DTH okunokwesekwa kwamadoda abalulekile kuthinta ngokuqondile ukwenziwa kwamaphrojekthi, ukuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nezindleko zokwakha eziphumelelayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi efuna ukufaneleka kwezindleko ngesikhathi sokubhola ezindaweni ezinzima.
Amapayipi asezingenalwazi akhiqiza ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokubhola ekuqiniseni imicimbi ye-micropiling nasekwakheni izisekelo ezijulile, asetshenziswa njengokufihla okuphathekayo ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwe-borehole ngaphakathi kwezimo zokwakha ezinzima. Lezi tube zensimbi zifakwa emhlabeni ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokubhola, bese zisuswa uma i-borehole ifinyelela ukujula okufanele, kushiywa indlelanhle, eziqine kahle ezilungiselelwe ukufakwa kwe-micropile. Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa balemapayipi buwuhlukeneyo kumasistimu e-casing aphakeme, buhlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa kokuqashwa okuphumelelayo nezinketho zokusebenza ezilungele imisebenzi lapho kusemthethweni ukuthola ukwesekwa komhlaba ngesikhathi sokubhola. Ekuqiniseni izisekelo, amapayipi asezingenalwazi abalulekile ekuphathweni kokungena kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuvimbela ukwehla kwe-borehole emhlabathini ongenakhono noma ongenamkhawulo, kanye nokugcina ukuzinza kweholes ezimweni zokuhlanganiswa lapho i-overburden iguquka kakhulu. Imisebenzi ye-micropiling esebenzisa amapayipi asezingenalwazi ifaka izindlela ezahlukene zokubhola kuhlanganise nokubhola kwe-rotary, ukushaya, nezindlela ze-auger, ngakunye kuthiwa kunqunywa ngokuya ngezigaba zomhlabathi ezithile kanye nezidingo zamaphrojekthi. Amapayipi aregizwa aphezulu ngasikhathi sinye ne-thule yokubhola, ahlinzeka ngesisekelo somhlaba esimaphakathi njengoba i-borehole iqhubeka ngama-strata ahlukeneyo. Le ndlela yokuthuthuka yesikhathi esisodwa ivimbela ukwehla kwe-borehole futhi igcina i-verticality emisebenzini yokwakha ejulile. Izinsiza ezisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela namasistimu e-retrievable casing zifaka izingqwembe zokubhola nokufakwa, ama-hammers aphukile, izixhumi zokubhola, kanye nemishini ethize yokubuyisela e-extract amapayipi ngaphandle kokuwakhipha, ivumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-boreholes ezahlukene. Usayizi nobubanzi bamapayipi ahluka ngokuya ngokuqina kokubhola, izimo zomhlaba, kanye nosayizi obalindelekile be-micropile, kokuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile okuqala kusuka ku-76mm kuye ku-273mm ububanzi. Amapayipi asezingenalwazi abalulekile ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ze-geotechnical ezihlanganisa ama-clay apholile, ama-silt layers, ama-sands agcwele, kanye nomhlaba ogama amathambo lapho ukulawula amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokuzinza kwe-borehole kuyizinkinga ezibalulekile. Amaphrojekthi ezisekelo zedolobha, lapho isikhala sokusebenza sikhulu sithathwa ngama-piles amancane anokusebenza okuphezulu, avame ukuncika ekubholeni okuxhaswe ngama-casing ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kwamamodi afanele. Amaphrojekthi wokwakha, izinhlelo zokubuyisela, kanye nezindawo zokwakha ezigoqelwe zonke zithola inzuzo ekuthuthukiseni kwe-borehole okuqondile okukhona amalayisense e-retrievable casing. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zikhala zikhombisa ukuba nzima lapho kubholwa ngaphakathi kwezithombe zomhlaba eziguquguqukayo ezihlanganisa izakhiwo ze-rock ezinzile nezinto ezizikhaliphayo, kudingeka izindlela eziguquguqukayo zokubhola nokubhekelela izikhumbuzo zamahole. Kubakhi bezisekelo ezijulile kanye nabageotechnical engineers, amapayipi asezingenalwazi mephula ukwehlisa izindleko zokubhola, kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwezinto, futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-borehole uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokubhola ezingenamapayipi. Ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamapayipi kuhlawulela ukutshalwa kwezinsiza emisebenzini eminingi, kanti ukuzinza okuhle okutholakala kuhlinzeka ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-micropile olandelayo kuqhubeke ngaphandle kwemibandela eminingi. Izindlela ze-micropiling zanamuhla sezikhetha ukuncika ekubholeni okuxhaswe ngama-casing njengendlela ejwayelekile yokufezekisa ukuvuna, ukuphepha, nezidingo zokusebenza kagesi zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile ezijulile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezimakethe ezinzima.
Ama-pipe wokufaka angabuyiswanga, adume ngokuthi ama-casing asetshenziswayo noma ama-casing ayinsalela, ahlulelwa njengendlela yesofthiwe yokuhlinzeka ama-micropile lapho ama-casing ensimbi eziyinhloko egcinwa endaweni ngaphakathi komgodi esikhundleni sokukhishwa ngemva kokuphothulwa kokuhlinzeka. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geotechnical lapho izimo zomhlaba, izindleko zephrojekthi, noma izidingo zokwakha zenze ukufakwa kwe-casing okuhamba phambili kube yisixazululo esifanele. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukushaya noma ukujikeleza ama-casing strings emhlabeni phakathi kokufakwa kwemicropile, ngokuvamile kubangeni bama-diameters angaphandle aphakathi kuka-60mm no-300mm, kuye ngezidingo zokuthwala umthwalo nezidingo zokuzinza komgodi. Uma i-drill bit ihamba ngaphakathi kwe-casing futhi igxuma emkhandlwini, isinqumo sokushiya i-casing endaweni sithathwa ngokuya ngokwakheka komhlaba, izimo zamanzi omhlaba, kanye nezincazelo zokwakha ze-micropile system. Imishini nezindlela ezisetshenziswa emisebenzini ye-casing engabuyiswanga zidinga ama-drilling rigs akhethekile akwazi ukuphatha zombili izindlela zokuhlinzeka ezijikelezayo nezomshayo. Ama-continuous flight auger rigs, imishini yokuhlinzeka ejikelezayo, kanye nemishini yokudlula eqhutshwa ezindleleni efakwe ama-mast assemblies ezifanele zenza kube lula ukufakwa kwe-casing ezimeni zomhlaba ezinzima. Le nqubo ivamise ukufaka amathuluzi okususwa kwe-casing esikhathini esithile, ama-drilling assemblies anama-drilling bits ahlanganisiwe, kanye nezixazululo zokuhlinzeka ezisekelwe kwi-bentonite noma izinhlelo zokuhlanza umoya ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza komgodi ngesikhathi sokuhamba phakathi kwe-clay, umhlaba ophumayo, izakhiwo zejololo, noma izimfanelo ezihlanganisiwe. Ama-micropile drilling rigs anamandla ashintshashintshayo nesilinganiso esiphezulu se-torque abaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni ukuhamba kwe-casing ezindaweni ezinzima zomhlaba nasekubhekaneni nokuphikiswa kokuxhumana okuphakanyisiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Izicelo ze-casing engabuyiswanga zifaka imikhakha ehlukahlukene yezehlakalo zamanzi njengokufaka isisekelo ngezikhungo ezikhona, ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi, ukuqiniswa kwezinga, ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanye nokusekela izakhiwo zokwakhiwa ezindaweni ezingazinzile noma ezithintekile. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezineziqongo zamazinga amanzi aphakeme, lapho i-casing engapheli ivimbela ukufakwa kwamanzi omhlaba futhi ivikele izakhi ze-micropile system. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-casing engabuyiswanga inciphisa isikhathi sokufaka uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlinzeka ezijwayelekile ezinamacasing, njengoba abayisebenzisi bemishini bekhipha isigaba sokukhishwa ezinhlelweni zephrojekthi. I-casing yensimbi eqinile inikeza ubuqotho bokwakha ku-micropile system, isabalalisa umthwalo ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwezingqimba zomhlaba ezingenayo futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakha jikelele ezimeni zomhlaba ezinzima ezijwayelekile ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha kanye nezinhlelo zezakhiwo ezibalulekile.
Izikhungo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa iyizinhlelo zomEquipment eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ye-micropiling yanamuhla kanye nokwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo emijulile. Lezi zinhlelo zakhelwe ukuhlela, ukuhlanganisa, nokufaka izinto zendlela (grout) ngezinyathelo ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze kufakwe ama-micropile, kuthuthukiswe umhlaba, nemishini yokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Ku-injiniyering yeziqongo zomhlaba, izikhungo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa zisebenza njengesibopho sezindlela zokwakha ama-micropile, zivumela abakhiqizi ukuba basebenze ezindaweni ezincane, ezindaweni ezinezikhala eziphansi, nezimo zomhlaba ezinzima lapho ama-pile amakhulu ajwayelekile angenakukwazi ukusebenza. Lezi zisetshenziswa zihlanganisa ikhono lokugcina, izindlela zokuhlanganisa, kanye nezinsiza zokufaka ezihlangene ezifaka isiqinisekiso sokuhlukahluka kwezinto kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile emkhakheni. Izinqubo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa neziqongo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa zihluka ngokuya ngemicimbi yephrojekthi nezimo zomhlaba. Ekuthuthukiseni ama-micropile, lezi zikhungo zilungiselela ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo yegrout ephezulu efakwa kumagezi wensimbi afakwe ezindaweni ezinqunyiwe. Inqubo yokufaka ivamise ukwenzeka ngamasu amaningi: ukufaka okuqondile ukuzokhulisa umagezi, ukufaka kwesibili ukuthuthukisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwegrout kanye nomhlaba obangelwe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukufaka kwesithathu ukwakha ngokwengeziwe umthwalo. Izicelo zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba zisebenzisa izikhungo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa ukuze zithuthukise umhlaba, zokufaka ukulungiswa ezindaweni ezinamasango akhona, nokwehlisa ukujikeleza emithanjeni ethile. Lezi zisetshenziswa kufanele zibe nekhono lokubamba izinto ezihlukahlukene kufaka phakathi iPortland cement, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-bentonite-cement, kanye nezithako ze-polyurethane, kuye ngezici zomhlaba nezidingo ze-injiniyering. Izimo zomhlaba nezemvelo zinciphisa ukuthonywa kokukhethwa nokuqukethwe kweziqongo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa. Emithanjeni engaxhumanisi efana nezihlabathi nezindawo ezinenhlanga, izindlela zokufaka eziphezulu zingasetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale ukuhamba kahle kwegrout kanye nokudluliswa kwethonya. Izindawo ezinomhlaba omuhle neziphakathi kwezindonga zibonisa izinselelo ezahlukahlukene, kuvamise ukuba kudingeke ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zendlela ezikhethekile nezinyathelo zokufaka ezihlukile. Izindawo ezingcolile, izimo zamanzi, kanye nokuphakathi kwezindonga akhona kudinga ukukhetha ophakanyiswa ngokuqapha kanye nezindlela zokufaka. Lezi zikhungo kufanele zikwazi ukulungisa izinga lokugeleza, izilungiselelo zengcindezi, kanye nezinhlaka zezinto ukuze ziphendule ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ezibhekene nazo ngesikhathi sokubhola. Izicelo zeziqongo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa ziqhubeka zifika ezikhathini ezahlukahlukene zokwakha okubandakanya ukuqinisa izindonga ezikhona, imisebenzi ye-seismic retrofit, ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo zezimoto, kanye nezinsiza zokubuyisela izindonga. Abakhiqizi abakwazi ukusebenza emisebenzini yasemadolobheni bathola izinzuzo ezivela ekwakhiweni okuncane nokuhamba ngokushesha kwezinhlelo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa zanamuhla. Imisebenzi ye-infrastructure yokuhamba ivamise ukuhlanganisa lezi zikhungo ekwenziweni kwemibhoshongo kanye nokunciphisa ukuhamba. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphathelene namandla avuselelwe, ikakhulukazi emapulazini kamwindla angaphandle naphakathi kwezimoto, kuncike kuzinhlelo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa ezithembekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwemibhoshongo. Ukuhluka kweziqongo zokufaka-nokuhlanganisa kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ekwenzeni injiniyering yemibhoshongo, kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuba baphucule izixazululo zemibhoshongo emijulile ukuze kudlule izinhlelo eziphumelelayo nezobuchwepheshe ezihlukene zemiphakathi yezindawo ezahlukene nezokwakha.
Izingxenye zokuxuba i-grout ziwumshini okhethekile obalulekile emsebenzini we-micropiling, okwakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngama-grout amahle okuwasha ukuze engezwe kuma-micropiles emisebenzini yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Le mishini ixuba isement, amanzi, ama-additives, kanye nezinto ezingama-aggregates ukuze ifinyelele ubukhulu obunembile nezakhiwo zokuhamba ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlotshiswe ama-micropiles emikhakheni ehlukene yehlaba nomhlaba. Emsebenzini wezobunjiniyela bezisekelo, izingxenye zokuxuba i-grout zisebenza njengengqalasizinda ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-grout okufanele, izakhiwo ezifanele zokuphilisa, kanye nezehlakalo zomjikelezo we-micropile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhishwa i-grout esekelwe kwisement, i-grout yemichamo, noma amafomula akhethekile, lezi zixube zenza kube lula kumakhi ukuba bagcine izindinganiso zokulawula ikhwalithi eziyimpoqo kumasistimu ezisekelo eziyogciniwe. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye zokuxuba i-grout emisebenzini ye-micropiling kuhilela ukulinganisa ngokucophelela kwezingxenye ukuze kuhambisane nezimo zomhlaba nezincazelo zokwakheka. Abakhi bakhetha izinhlobo zezixube ngokuya ngedivaysi yokukhiqiza, ukungena kwe-grout okudingekayo, kanye nesikhathi somsebenzi, okuhlanganisa kuzo zonke izixube eziphathwayo ezisebenzayo kumaphrojekthi amancane kuya kumasistimu okuhlanganisa okuqhubekayo kumaphrojekthi amakhulu e-micropiling. Imishini kumele ivume izinhlelo ezahlukene ze-grout ezenzelwe izinhlobo zomhlaba ezithile, kuhlanganisa umhlaba wama-clay, umhlaba omkhulu wasemazingeni aphakeme, umhlaba ohlaza, kanye nezindawo ezibolile. Izingxenye zokuxuba i-grout zisebenza ngokubambisana nemishini yokudrill, amapompo okungenisa, kanye nezinsiza zokuhlola ukuze zihlinzeke ngemithamo ye-grout elawulwa ngengcindezi, eqinisekisa ukuhlotshiswa okufanele kwama-micropiles phakathi kwezimo eziphumelelayo zokuphatha noma ezindaweni ezidinga ukuzinza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezingxenye zokuxuba i-grout ziqhubeka kwizimo ezahlukene zokwakha lapho ama-micropiles anikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo, kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwe-seismic kwezinto ezikhona, ukwakha izakhiwo ezisebenza ngezisekelo ezinganele, ukuzinzisa izintaba endaweni enzima, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina zesikhashana zezindawo ezijulile. Amaphrojekthi wokulungisa umhlaba asisebenzisa ama-micropiles ngokuvamile adinga imisebenzi emikhulu ye-grouting lapho umthamo wezixube uthinta ngqo ukuhlela iphrojekthi nezindleko zokusebenza. Le mishini ibalulekile lapho ibhekena nezimo zomhlaba ezinzima ezifana nomhlaba onobungozi, izindawo ezisobala, noma izikhala eziphansi ezidinga ukuhlinzeka ngaphambi kokufaka ama-pile. Abakhi abasebenza ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni bancika kakhulu ezixubeni ze-grout ukuze kube nezinsimbi ezithule, ngaphandle kokudlidliza uma kuqhathaniswa nezokushaya izixube, okwenza lezi zinhlelo zifaneleke ezindaweni ezinokuphathwa, ezakhiweni zomlando, kanye nezindawo ezithintekayo. Ngokwenza ukuba ikhwalithi ye-grout ihlale ifanelekile throughout the micropiling campaign, lezi zixube zikhuthaza ukusebenza okuphakeme nokuhlala isikhathi eside kumasistimu ezisekelo eziyogciniwe ngenkathi kunciphisa kabuhlungu, ukuphumelela kokuhlola kwezithwathwa, kanye nezinsizakalo ezibizayo ekuhlonzweni kwezindleko emlandweni wephrojekthi.
Izitolo ze-cement zisebenza njengezithako ezibalulekile ezenzakalweni zokwakha ezinzulu nase-micropiling, zinikeza indawo yokugcina, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokusabalalisa okulawulwayo kwe-cement grout ezinhlelweni zokufaka zokuqhubeka okuphezulu. Lezi ziqu zihlukeneyo zenza ukuba abathwali bakwazi ukugcina izinga le-grout nokuqina kwayo njalo esikhathini eside sokusebenza kwe-micropiling, lapho ukwakheka kwe-cement okuqondile kuthinta ngqo ukwakhiwa kwe-pile, amandla okuthwala, kanye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo kwesikhathi eside. Izitolo ze-cement zibalulekile ikakhulu ezindaweni zokwakha zasemadolobheni lapho ama-borehole amaningi edinga ukuhlanganiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngokushesha, njengoba zinciphisa imikhawulo yokuhambisa yokuxuba futhi zinciphisa isikhathi sokulungiselela endaweni. Izitolo ze-cement zanamuhla zixhumana neziteshi zokuxuba ezizenzakalelayo, zivumela abatshali ukuthi bahlanganise i-cement, isihlabathi, izengezo, namanzi ukuze kuhambisane nemfuneko ye-grout ethile yephrojekthi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ezinqubweni zokubhoboza. Le msebenzi ongenamkhawulo ubalulekile ekufakeni i-micropile kahle ezimweni zejiyoloji ezehlukene, kusuka kumathafa e-clay nase-silt kuya ku-gravel eqinile nasezikhukhulweni ze-rock eziphukile. Ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezitolo ze-cement ku-micropiling kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwemigudu yokugeleza, izidingo zengcindezi, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola i-grout. Izitolo ezinkulu—ezivela ku-15 kuyi-100+ amakhube amitha—zibekwe ngendlela ehlakaniphile ezindaweni zomsebenzi ukuze zinciphise ukujikeleza kwemibhobho kanye nokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokufaka. I-grout elungisiwe kulezi zinhlelo ivamise ukufinyelela amandla okucindezela phakathi kuka-20 no-60 MPa, kanye nezilinganiso zamanzi-i-cement ezilungiswe ngezimo zomhlabathi, ububanzi be-pile, kanye nemithwalo yokwakha. Abasebenzi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudlidliza noma bokujikeleza ukuvimbela ukuba i-cement ihlukaniswe futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhle, izici ezibalulekile lapho kuhlanganiswa kwi-strata engazinzile noma ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezinzima ezingaphansi. Iziphumu zengcindezi ezixhunywe kuzinhlelo zokukhishwa kwe-silo zinganikeza i-grout ku-10 kuya ku-40 bar, zivumelanisa nokuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwezindlela ezinzima zokufaka. Izicelo zezitho ze-cement zifaka phakathi kwemisebenzi yokwakha ezindlini, ezentengiselwano, nasezimbonini lapho ama-micropiles esebenza njengama-elementi aphakeme noma ancedisayo okuthwala. Umhlabathi ongcolile noma ophakathi—kuhlanganisa i-clay ye-organic, ukugcwaliswa, kanye nezindonga eziphansi—uvame ukufuna i-micropiling ene-cement grout enezinga eliphakeme ukuze kufinyelelwe kumazinga athile nokuthwala. Ukuvuselelwa kwamahora, ukuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo, kanye nokuphakamisa izakhiwo zomlando kuvame ukungqongqoza i-micropiles ngezisombululo zokuletha ze-cement ezinikezwa izitolo ezinkulu. Ezindaweni ezinamakhono aphansi zasemadolobheni lapho imishini yokushayisa amaphilisi noma imishini ye-diaphragm ingasebenza, i-micropiling esekelwa ngohlelo lwezitolo ze-cement olunokwethenjelwa ibonakala njengephuzu elikhethwayo lokuthuthukiswa komhlabathi. I-geology yomphakathi ikhipha izimfuneko ze-silo; imisebenzi yasolwandle idinga izengezo ezivumelana nokuphazamisa kanye ne-cement evumelana ne-sulphate, kanti ukufaka okujulu kwasemadolobheni kungase kudinge izixazululo eziphansi zokushisa noma ezivela ku-pozzolanic ukuze zilawule umehluko wezinga lokushisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlola ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwephampu, kanye nezinhlelo zokubhalisela ukuxuba kudlulele izitolo ze-cement emkhakheni ophilayo wempahla yokuphepha kwemikhiqizo, okuxhasa ngqo ukuhambisana kwabathwali nezindinganiso zokuhlola ze-ISO 14688 kanye nezithembiso zokusebenza kwephrojekthi.
Ama-grout pumps ayithuluzi echwepheshile aklanyelwe ukufaka i-grout enesisindo esiphezulu emgodini nase-micropile shafts, edlala indima ebalulekile prosesi ye-micropiling yokwakha izisekelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Lezi zinsiza zomshini ezinemininingwane zenza ukuthi abathengisi bakhe ukuqiniswa komhlaba okwethembekile ezimweni zomquba eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho izindlela zokuphilisa ezijwayelekile zingafaneleki noma ezingasebenzi. Ama-grout pumps akhulula ukufuduka okuqondile kwemikhiqizo ye-grout emigodini ehloliwe, akha ubuhlobo obuqinile bokusebenza phakathi kokwakhiwa kwe-micropile okwenziwa nge-steel kanye nematrix yomhlaba ezungezile. Ukuhlinzeka nge-grouting kuyisisekelo sokufeza ubunjiniyela obunempilo kanye namandla okuphatha umthwalo adingekayo ukuze kutholakale izinhlelo zezisekelo ezijulile zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho izikhala ezenzakalayo nezakhiwo ezithintekayo zidinga izixazululo ezintsha. Imisebenzi ye-grout pump kwi-micropiling ihilela amasu amaningi abalulekile akhelwe izimo zomhlaba ezithile nezidingo zaphrojekthi. Uku-grouting okujwayelekile kusebenzisa ukujolisa okuphakanyisiwe ukufaka ama-boreholes nge-grout eyenziwe ngocemente, kudala into yezakhiwo ehlanganisiwe eyanelisa ukusekelwa kwemithwalo ye-vertical kanye ne-lateral. Uku-grouting kwe-tube-a-manchette (TAM), enye indlela evamile, kusebenzisa iziteshi zokufaka eziningi eduze kwe-micropile shaft ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwe-grout ezindaweni ezahlukene zomquba, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kohambo lwemithwalo. Uku-grouting kwe-jet, okuvamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-micropiling, kusetshenziswa ama-grout streams aneshubhu ephakeme ukuze aphule futhi ahlanganise umhlaba ozungezile, kudala ama-columns omhlaba-ocimile anekhono elikhululiwe. Ukukhetha indlela ye-grouting kuncike ekwakhekeni komquba, izimo zamanzi emhlabeni, izidingo zokujula zephrojekthi, kanye nezincazelo zomthwalo. Izinhlelo zamagrout pumps ezisebenza kahle kumele zigcine umfanekiso othathe phezulu, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinga lokugeleza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabalala kwe-grout okujwayelekile nokuvimbela ukwehlukaniswa kwezingxenye ze-grout. Izicelo zobuchwepheshe bamagrout pump ziyaqondanisa nakumakethe ezakhiwo ezahlukene ezidinga izixazululo zezisekelo ezijulile. Ukuqinisa izakhiwo ezikhona ezinezisekelo eziphukile noma ezincane kusebenzisa i-micropiling ehlanganiswe ne-grouting eyenziwe ngezingxenye ezinemininingwane, kuvumela ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinhlelo zokwakha. Ukuhlonipha umhlaba ezimbanje noma eziphakeme, kufaka phakathi isand, izimpushana, kanye nezimfucumfucu, kuba nokuqinisekisa kungaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-grouting ezilawulwa ezithuthukisa ikhono lokuphatha umthwalo futhi zehlisa ukuncipha. Iziphakamiso zokuphakamisa isikhala sebhala zisebenzisa ama-micropile agqokwe nge-grout ukuze abambe izintaba ezingaguquki futhi avimbele ukuhamba okunamathiselwe. Ezindaweni ezifana nezilwandle nezokwakha ezikhaleni, ama-grout pumps asebenzisa ukwakha izinhlelo zezisekelo ezisanda kubekezelwa ezindaweni ezithambile nezimo ezichazayo. Ukuqiniswa kwe-seismic kwezindlela ezikhona kuncike kakhulu ku-micropile technology, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamathuba aphezulu e-seismic. Ukuze kuxhaswe, izindlela zomgwaqo, ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo, ukusekelwa kwemigudu yokuthutha, kanye nezinhlelo ezinzima ezingaphansi komhlaba zonke zisebenzisa izinhlelo zamagrout pumps ezikhethekile ukuze kufezwe ukufakwa kwezisekelo ezijulile okungabizi, okungathinteki kalula. Izinsiza zamagrout pump zanamuhla zifaka ukulawulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye namakhono okulandelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqinisekiswa kwemikhakha phakathi kweprosesi ye-grouting. Ukuqapha umfanekiso, ukulawula izinga lokugeleza, kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa kwe-grout kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okujwayelekile nokuthola izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ezifana nezithiyo ze-grout noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini. Ukukhetha imishini kuncike esikalini sephrojekthi, ubude obudinga ukufinyelela, usayizi wengxenye ye-holes, kanye ne-pressure yokufaka edingwayo, nezinketho zitholakala okuvumela izinhlelo ezihamba phambili ezimeni zokungena okuvinjiwe kuze kube sezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezenzakalayo zemikhiqizo. Noma ngabe ibhekisela ezimweni zomhlaba ezinzima, ukuqinisa izakhiwo ezidala, noma ukusungula izisekelo ezijulile ezintsha ezindaweni ezikhawulelwe, ama-grout pumps nezinhlelo zabo ze-grouting zimelela ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kubaklami abangochwepheshe abakhiqizayo izixazululo ezithuthukile ze-geotechnical kanye nezobunjiniyela bezezimali.
Ithuluzi lokwakha futhi izinsiza zokusebenza zibonisa izingxenye ezibalulekile zomkhiqizo kwezemisebenzi ye-micropiling, zisebenza njengendawo eziyinhloko zokuhambisa uketshezi lokugonda, ukuhlinzeka nge-grout, nokusekela ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwemifantu ejulile. Ku-geotechnical engineering, lezi zinhlelo ezikhethekile zenza kube nokulawula nokuphathwa okuqondile kwezithombe phakathi nenqubo yokugonda ye-micropile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomhlaba eziyinkinga lapho izindlela zokugonda ezijwayelekile zingasebenzi kahle noma zingasebenzi. Amaph pipe wokugonda aphezulu, izinhlelo ze-casing, kanye nezixhumi ezinamandla ziqinisekisa izikhukhula ezizinzile, ivimbe ukuphahlazeka kwekhabhathi, futhi kube nezithiyo ezifunekayo zokuhlanganiswa kwezitaka nezindlu. Izinhlelo zamapayipi asetshenziswa kwi-micropiling kumele zithwale ukucindezela okuhlukeneyo kwe-hydrostatic, izimo zomhlabathi ezikhuphukayo, kanye nemijikelezo yokulayisha okuthembekile okujwayelekile emsebenzini wezinsiza ezijulile. Lezi zingxenye zenza isisekelo sokwakha kwe-micropile, noma ngabe usebenzisa ukugonda kwe-rotary, ukugonda kwe-percussion, noma izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezifanele izindawo ezimaphakathi, izindawo eziyingozi, nezindawo ezinomthamo ophansi. Ukukhetha nokufaka ama-pipe afanele kanye nezinsiza zokusebenza kuye ngaleso sikhathi se-subsurface, izincazelo zokwakha ze-micropile, nezinkinga zephrojekthi. Ku-clay ethambile nase-silt, i-casing yesikhashana enokuqhutshwa nge-grout ngama-hoses igcina ubuqotho beborehole futhi ivimbe ukujika. Ezindaweni ezinamathafa ama-granular kanye nezinsimbi ezivele zikhanya, ama-drilling rods anezinhlaka zokuqhuba angama-flush hose athuthukisa izinga lokungena ngenkathi ukuphatha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokuphatha udonga lwe-borehole. Amaphupho e-tremie kanye nezinhlelo zokuhambisa umoya ngezokudla zibalulekile kumasevisi e-tremie grout, ziqinisekisa ukufakwa okuqhubekayo kwekhonkrithi ngaphansi kwamatafula wamanzi noma emhlabeni ongenasici. Izinsiza zokukhipha umoya ezinamandla zithwala upephelo lwe-grouting olufika ku-200 kuze kube ku-400 bar noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngesakhiwo somhlabathi nezixhumi zokwakha. Izinhlelo ezifanele zokuxhuma, izincazelo zamathread, kanye nezolimo eziqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwesakhiwo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukumiswa komoya nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwesakhiwo phakathi kwezigaba zamapayipi ezilandelanayo. Izinsiza zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi, ama-pipe wokuphakamisa umoya, nezinhlelo zokuhambisa zandisa umsebenzi wezinsiza ze-micropiling emisebenzini yokwehlisa amanzi nokwakha umhlaba okwandisayo obala emisebenzini ejulile. Izicelo ze-micropiling zifaka phakathi umsebenzi wokwakha izisekelo, ukufaka izinguquko ze-seismic ezakhiweni ezikhona, kanye nokwakha umhlaba ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo wokufinyelela noma izinkinga zokuphakamisa. Emisebenzini yokuvuselela zasemakhaya, ama-micropiles asekelwe ezinhlelweni zokuhambisa ama pipe athuthukiswe kahle adlulisa imithwalo ngaphezulu kwemithi ethambile ukuze asebenze ne-bedrock efanelekile, okuvumela ukwakhiwa ezindaweni ezazingenakufinyelelwa ngaphambili. Izimo zomhlaba zifaka phakathi isihlabathi esingabamba amanzi, izindawo eziphahlazekile, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ze-organic zidinga izinhlelo zokuhambisa ezikhethekile zokwakha izinsiza noma ukuhlinzeka ngegrout. Ezindaweni eziyingozi ze-brownfield, ama-pipe aphelisiwe avimbela ukuhleleka phakathi kwamazinga omhlabathi ngenkathi igcina ubuqotho beborehole. Ukuhambisana phakathi kwamaph pipe wokugonda, ama-hoses anokuphakela okukhulu, nezinhlelo zokuxhuma ezinzima kwenza i-micropiling ibe iphakamiso elingabiza kahle eine zezimali kunenkolo ezijulile, ikakhulukazi lapho ama-auger piles noma ama-piling aqhuba iziphumo ezingamukeleki zokuvusa, umsindo, noma ukuphazamiseka komhlaba. Ukukhethwa kwezinsiza kugxila ekufaneni nemigomo ye-diameter ye-micropile ethatha phakathi kuka-150 no-300 mm, ubude bokugonda obungama-30 meters noma ngaphezulu, nokusebenza ezimweni zobunjalo ezihlukene ezidinga izinhlelo zokugonda ezilungiselelwe nezokuphathwa koketshezi ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
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