Imishini yokufaka umjovo

Imishini ye-grouting imelela isigaba esibalulekile semishini eyakhelwe ukusiza ukufaka i-cementitious noma i-chemical grout ezindaweni zomhlaba nezitini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka, ukuvalwa, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu zayo zobunjiniyela. Ngaphakathi kohlaka olukhulu lwe-cutter soil mixing (CSM) kanye nezobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukisa umhlaba, imishini ye-grouting isiza ukufaka imithwalo ye-diaphragm, ama-curtains wokuhluza, amashumi e-secant piles, kanye nezinhlelo ze-jet grouting lapho ukufakwa kwejusi ngengcindezi kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe imigomo yokusebenza yokwakhiwa. Umsebenzi ophawulekayo wemishini ye-grouting ukufezekisa ukuhambisa i-grout okuqhubekayo ezingeni elinqunyiwe lokucindezela kanye nezinga lokugeleza, uvumela abaphakeli ukuthi balawule ukungena kwamanzi, bakhuphule ikhono lokuphatha, banciphise ukwehla, noma benze izithiyo ezingenakungena ezinhlelweni zezifundo ezinzulu. Imishini ye-grouting isebenza ngaphansi kwegoti eliyisisekelo lokulungiselela ngoshintsho oluhlangene lwama-grout bese ifaka lezi zinto ezindaweni ezinqunyiwe ngokusebenzisa amasondo okwakha noma amapayipi wokuhambisa ngaphansi kwegcindezi elalawulwa. Ekwakhiweni kwe-diaphragm wall kanye ne-secant piles, imishini ye-grouting ifaka i-grout ngqo kumamatrix omhlaba obujwayelekile obungaphakathi noma phakathi kwamapayipi ukuze kuncishiswe izikhala futhi kudalwe izinto eziyisisekelo eziphathekayo. Kwezicelo ze-cut-off curtains kanye ne-jet grouting, imishini ikhiqiza ukugeleza okuphezulu okudingekayo ukuwaqophela nokuwahlanganisa umhlaba ngenkathi igcwalisa izikhala ezidalwe nge-grout. Inqubo yokusebenza ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukujolisa kwezinto eziyisisekelo (i-Portland cement, amanzi, ama-admixtures) emshinini we-grout, ukugcina okwesikhashana emathankini wokukhuthaza ukuze kugcinwe ukujwayela, bese kuhanjiswa ngeziphuzo ezihamba phambili noma ama-pumps apiston ezikhawini zokufaka ezilawula izinsiza zokuhlola noma ama-payipi ahlukanisiwe ukuze kudluliswe i-grout ngokuhamba okujwayelekile nangokweqile njengoba kudingeka. Le ngqikithi yemishini ihlanganisa izigaba eziningi ezahlukene zemishini ezingenziwa ngokwehlukana noma njengezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe. Imishini ye-grouting ihlanganisa ama-hoppers ezinto ezomile, amasistimu wokwabela amanzi, kanye nemixers ekhuphukayo ikhono lokukhiqiza ama-cubic meters angu-5 kuya ku-50+ e-grout ngehora kuye ngesisekelo. Amapumps we-progressive cavity (i-peristaltic) abamba iqhaza emsebenzini wokufaka ngengcindezi ngenxa yokukwazi kwawo ukuphatha ama-slurry e-cementitious ahlanzekile ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa nokugcina ukuhamba okujwayelekile kokucindezela okuhlukahlukene. Izinhlelo zokukhuthaza nokuhamba ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-grout phakathi kokugcina nokuhambisa, okuyinto ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehla kwe-cement ezinhlelweni ezine-ratio amanzi-cement ephezulu. Izigaba zokubuka nokwabelana ngaphakathi kuvumela ukulungisa okujwayelekile kweziqinisekiso, ngenkathi izinhlelo ezizenzekelayo zokulondoloza zirekhoda ingcindezi, ivolumu, nezinsuku ezibonisa ubufakazi bokuhambisana nezincwadi zokwakha. Ukukhetha imishini ye-grouting kuthonya izici eziningi zobuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa i-viscosity kanye ne-ratio yamanzi-cement ye-grout ethile (ethinta uhlobo lwepumpa nezidingo zamandla), ingcindezi yokufaka yokwakhiwa (ehamba ukusuka ku-10 bar kumakholomu e-low-pressure soilcrete ukuya ku-100+ bar kwezinye izicelo ze-jet grouting), izinga lokukhiqiza elidingekayo nenani eliphelele le-grout lephrojekthi, izithiyo zokufinyelela ezithinta ukusungulwa kwemishini, kanye nezidingo zokubona ngaleso sikhathi ingcindezi nevolumu ukuze kuzuzwe izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, njengokunciphisa imiphumela ye-grout ne ngokuqondiswa kwemithombo engaphezu, kudlalwa uhlelo oluphakeme lokukhetha imishini ukuze luqhubeke nezinhlelo ezivaliwe ezinezinsiza zokuphatha. Imisebenzi ye-grouting ilawulwa ngamazinga afanele afana ne-EN 14679 (ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile ye-geotechnical—imiphumela ye-diaphragm), i-EN 12716 (ukugrouta komhlaba—izincazelo nezichazo), i-ISO 12572 (ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-grouting), kanye ne-DIN 4126 (imiphumela ye-diaphragm). Lezi zinga zilungiselela izinga elincane lokusebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla e-grout, imikhawulo ye-injection pressure, kanye nezidingo zokubhaliswa ukuthi imishini ye-grouting kufanele iziphilise ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwezivumelwano nokuhlala isikhathi eside kokufakwa kwezinsiza ezinzulu.