Amabhampu Aphezulu Wengcindezi Wokufaka

Amaphampu anomfutho ophezulu afaneleka kakhulu emkhakheni wezobunjiniyela bezisidalwa ezinde, asebenza njengemishini eyinhloko yokulethwa kwezinto zokwakha ezinjengezinto zetshe nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kumsebenzi wokuzinzisa umhlaba nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Le miphefumulo ethize ivumela ukufakwa okulawulwayo kwe-grout slurry ezindaweni zomhlabathi nezitini ngezinga lokpressure elivame ukufinyelela phakathi kuka-200 no-600 bar, kuye ngezidingo zokusebenza nezimo zomhlaba. Indima eyinhloko yemithwalo ye-grout ephezulu ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwe-grout kuyo yonke indawo efanele, uqinisekisa ukuzinzisa umhlabathi kahle, ukuqina kwesakhiwo, nokumisa amanzi angaphansi emkhakheni omkhulu. Amaphampu anomfuthokuhamba aphezulu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi zokwakha izisekelo ezinde, kuhlanganisa ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezindlini ezisebenzayo nezithombe zokumisa, ukuqina kwesakhiwo ezindlini zepile ezihambisanayo nezinhlekelele, ukufaka ezindaweni nokuvumelanisa ne-grouting ngaphansi kwezinsiza ezikhona, ukuhlanganiswa komhlabathi ne-cement, izinhlelo ze-jet grouting, ne-fracture grouting emqashweni wendabuko. Ubumnandi balesi simiso busiza ekuphatheni amafomulayi ahlukene e-grout—kusukela kumagciwane anenyama afinyelekayo kuya ezidakamizwa eziwubala—kukhombisa ukuba badinga kakhulu emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa komhlaba nezinhlelo zokwakha izisekelo. Umqondo wokusebenza kwamaphampu anomfutho ophezulu ukwakheka kumakhana ahambisanayo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ngamaphampu e-piston noma okokusebenza owenziwa ngamadizili noma ama-motors kagesi. Ipompo idonsa i-grout ethambile noma eyakhiwe endaweni ukusuka ethankisini elibhalwe, ibona yini khona ngeminwe, iphoqa i-slurry ngezinqumo zokulethwa nezinto zokufaka ngempela okulawulwayo. Izinhlaka eziningi zanamuhla zibandakanya ukulandelela ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela, ukukala ukuhamba, kanye nezinhlelo eziphindwe kabili ze-pump ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho ngesikhathi sokufaka okwandayo. Kwezinhlelo ezine-fluid ezimbili (ezivamile kuma-jet grouting), izinhlelo ezihambisanayo ze-pump ephindwe kabili zigcina ukuphathwa okuqondile kwe-fluid eyinhloko kanye ne-resin ephindwe kabili noma isithako sezimboni. Uhlaka lwezinto kumkhakha lezi luhlanganisa izinhlelo ze-pump eyodwa ezinomthamo we-50–200 liters/ngoshayi yephrojekthi ye-curtain wall encane noma yokulungisa, kuze kube izikhali ezibhalwe kahle ezihlanganisa imiphampu emibili ezihlinzeka ngaphezulu kwe-400 liters/ngoshayi yohlu olukhulu lokuhlanganiswa komhlabathi ne-cement noma izinhlelo zokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Izinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-grout, ama-valve okukhulula ingcindezi, kanye nezinhlelo zokumisa ezizenzakalelayo ziba izici ezijwayelekile. Ukuhambisana kwezinto kubalulekile—izingxenye ezinephampu zihamba kufanele ziqukathe izakhi ezinobungozi ze-grout, okuvame ukufinyelelwa ngezinsiza zensimbi engagqwali noma izithako ze-aluminium ezithile. Izinkomba zokukhetha amaphampu anomfutho ophezulu zihlanganisa izinga lokuphuma futhi nemithombo yokucindezela efanele izimo zomhlaba nezinga lokufaka, ukuhambisana komkhawulo wobukhona bekhwalithi ezikhethiwe ze-grout, izinga lempumelelo yephampu kanye nesikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphuma kweziqondiso, ukuphathwa nokusheshisa kokufakwa ezimweni zendawo, kanye nokuhambelana nezinsiza zokuhlanganiswa nezokuthola. Izinhlelo ze-pump eziphindwe kabili ziyathandwa kwemisebenzi ebalulekile lapho ukuphazamiseka kokufaka kungakulungeli. Izindinganiso ezihambisana nomklamo, ukuhlolwa, nokusebenza kwamaphampu e-grout zifaka phakathi i-ISO 6954 (Izinsiza ze-hydraulic - amaphampu aphumelelayo), i-ISO 21049 (Izinsiza ze-grouting - izincazelo zobuchwepheshe), kanye ne-DIN 4093 (Ukugrouta kwamakhowe nomhlaba). Iphrojekthi yaseYurophu ivame ukubhekisa ku-EN 14679 (Ukusebenza kwezisebenzi ezikhethekile ze-geotechnical: Ukuhlangana okujulile) ne-EN 1537 (Ama-anchors emhlabeni: Imigomo evamile yokuhlola izindlela).