Ukugaya amanzi amabili okuhlola isikhalazo sefuzi kuyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokwelapha ngaphansi komhlaba edlulisela ukungcola okuphansi ngenkathi isebenzisa ukuvunyelwa kwama-grout ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zomhlaba futhi idale imikhawulo ehlakazekile phakathi komhlaba nezakhiwo. Ngaphakathi kwemikhankaso yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile, le ndlela isebenza njengesisombululo esibalulekile sokuvimbela nokulungisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuncishiswe ukugeleza, futhi kudalwe imikhawulo efanele ezimweni zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlelo ze-fluid ezimbili zihambisana kahle neprojekthi zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile lapho ukujula okwenziwe ngokuqinile kuhluleka ngenxa yokujula okuphezulu, imayini ehlukaniswe kakhulu, noma imithombo enokukhishwa okuphansi okudinga ingcindezi eqhubekayo nokuhlanganiswa okujulile. Le technology isebenza ngomgomo wokufaka ama-phases amabili: amanzi anemithamo ephezulu noma umoya ophumile (iyona fluid eyinhloko) aphuma nge-monitora ukuze aguqe futhi aphuphume umhlabathi, ngenkathi ngokuphakamisela i-cement-based noma i-grout eyenziwe ngendlela ethile ifakwa endaweni efanayo. I-jet eyomileyo idala umgodi futhi ixuba kahle i-grout emhlabathini ozungezile, ngenkathi i-grout yesecundari igcwalisa izikhala futhi ihlanganise ikholamu yomhlabathi owelashwe. Le ngaphezu kokufaka kwenzeka ngokushelela kuyiphumelela kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezilandelanayo ezisemithini ehlukanisiwe noma emezulwini, njengoba iphoqa i-grout ukuba ingene ezindlini ezandisiwe ngenkathi igcina ukuhlanganiswa nokucindezela okuqhubekayo. Le nqubo idala umhlaba ophethe i-cement odinwe kakhulu ngokwenyukayo futhi ngempela ikhulisa ikhono lokubamba umthwalo. Izicelo ezibalulekile emsebenzini wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile zifaka phakathi ukwakha amakhadi okuphuma ngaphansi kwama-dams nasezindongeni, ukuvala izindawo ezikhishwayo ezungezile ezindaweni zokumba kanye nezindonga ze-diaphragm, ukudala imikhawulo emhlabeni owonakaliswe, ukuvuselela izikhunta ezijulile nezibopho ze-tangent, nokwelashwa kwezikhala ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ezikhona. Izinhlelo ze-fluid ezimbili zifanelana kakhulu nezicelo ezidinga ukuncishiswa kokugeleza phansi kuka-10⁻⁶ cm/s, ukwakha izisekelo emathafeni ikholamu kanye nezithako zokulawula izindawo ezihlabekile ze-limestone kanye ne-chalk. Le ndlela ibalulekile futhi ekwelapheni izikhala, izikhala, kanye nezindawo zokwehla ngaphambi kokufaka izisekelo ezijulile. Izimo zokwakha zalesi sikhahlo ngokuvamile zifaka phakathi i-monitors yokubhabhadela eyethulwe ngokukhethekile enezinhlelo eziphephile ngokusekelwe, amapompo anemithamo ephezulu yokuhambisa (ukhono lwe-grout 50–200 liters/ngaphakathi), izinhlelo zokucindezela umoya ezihlukile noma izinhlelo zokucindezela amanzi, izinhlelo ze-automated zokuphakamisa ikholamu ukuze zilungise ubukhulu bokwelashwa, izinsiza zokuhlola ingcindezi nokuhamba komswakama, nezinsiza zokuhlanganyela zezintambo ezikhaleni ezibalelwa ekusebenzeni kwama-phases amabili. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zifaka ukufaka idatha ngesikhathi sangempela yemingcele yokufaka kanye nokulawula ukujula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo phezu kwekholamu ye-grouted. Ukukhethwa kwezimoto zokugaya amanzi amabili kuncike kumafektha amaningi wezobuchwepheshe: ubukhulu bokwelashwa (ukuphakama kwekhola), uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nebhakede, ukugeleza kokugcina okudingekayo endaweni elashlwayo, ukufinyelela okukhona ukuze kubekwe umshini, ibanga lokugaya elidingekayo emgodleni ngamunye, nemigomo yokubhaliswa nemigomo yokukhiqiza. Ukukhethwa kwezinsiza futhi kubheka izidingo zokuhlukana kwe-grout nezikhala ezinjengokukhanya kokucindezela, izimo zokushisa ezithinta ukujula, nokukhwabanisa noma izindinganiso ezithile projekthini zokucindezela, ukuhamba kokuhamba, kanye nokubeka izindawo zokwelashwa. Le ndlela ilawulwa yi-EN 12716 (Ukuphumeza imisebenzi ethile yezobuchwepheshe – Jet grouting), edlulisela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokugaya i-jet, izinqubomgomo zokuhlonza izinga, nezimfuneko zokwamukelwa. Iziqondiso eziningi ezihlobene zihlanganisa i-ISO 21503 (Ukuhlolwa kwe-situ kwezakhiwo ezijulile) ukuze kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo zendawo elashlwayo, i-DIN 4093 (Izikhumbuzo zesiJalimane zokugaya), nemigomo ethile yeprojekthi esekelwe kumigomo yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile nezokwakha kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ama-Rig amaDual Fluid awumsebenzi ojwayelekile okhethekile wokwenza i-double fluid jet grouting, ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa umhlaba obusebenzisa izifutho ezimbili ezahlukene ukudala izakhiwo ezingaphansi zomhlabathi ezizinzile kanye nezivikelo zokudlula amanzi. Lezi zikhala zibalulekile ekuwakheni odongeni be-diaphragm, ama-curtains wokunqamula, odongeni be-secant pile, nezinye izinto ezinzulu ezidinga ukuhlela emhlabeni ngokunembile nokuhlanganisa. Le teknoloji iyisizathu esabalulekile kubakhiqizi bezisisekelo ezinzulu abasebenza endaweni ezimanzi, ezithintekile, noma lapho umhlabathi ungazinzi khona lapho izindlela ezivamile zingase zibe nezinkinga noma zingabi nezezimali. Izinhlelo ze-double fluid jet grouting zisebenza ngokwakhiwa kokufaka okuseshini kokuphakeme okuhlangene nenye i-fluid yokuhlakazeka/ukuhambisa, ngokuvamile amanzi noma ukuhlangana komoya-namanzi, nge-nozzles ezikhethelwe ukuklanywa ezikhulwini. I-fluid ephakeme kakhulu ihlukanisa umhlaba ozungezile ngenkathi igrot iwagcwalisa izikhala ezidalwe futhi ifinyelela kumhlaba ophukile. Le ndlela ye-dual-stream ivumela abakhiqizi ukuba bafeze ukuthanda amakhanda amakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani, kanye nokulawula izinga elingcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezilodwa kemithi. Ama-jet athunyelwa kusukela phezulu uye phansi, kungase kube yokusebenza eqinile ukwakha odongeni bezomaka noma emjikelezo ukuze kudaleke amakholomu ajwayelekile asebenza njengezivikelo ezixhunywe noma izakhiwo eziphakamisako. Izicelo zifaka izimo eziningi zezifundo ezinzulu. Emikhakheni yokulandela amanzi, ama-rig amaDual Fluid akha amakholomu e-jet grouting aqhubekayo noma aphindaphindayo anciphisa ukuvuza phakathi kwe-aquifers nezindawo ezithintekile. Ekukhuleni kwamadonga be-diaphragm, amakholomu e-jet grouting ayisisekelo athuthukisa ukuqina komhlaba futhi anciphisa ukufika kwamamaki emanzini ngesikhathi sokukh excavating waloki we-diagram wall. Odongeni be-secant pile, izinto ezihlinzekwe nge-jet-grouting zikhonza njengezindonga eziyinhloko ezinikeza ukwesekwa kwezakhiwo kanye nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Lezi zikhala ziphinde zixazulule ukuhlela umhlabathi ngaphansi kwezindawo ezikhona, kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlala nokuhlukumezeka kumadolobha. Izinhlelo zezimoto zihluke ngokuya ngezidingo zokusebenza. Ama-rig we-double fluid ajwayelekile aqukethe ama-pump units aphakeme (ngokuvamile 20–40 MPa kumalinesi e-grout kanye no-10–20 MPa kumalinesi amanzi), izinhlelo zokwabelana nge-fluid ezimbili ezinezilinganiso ezizimele, amakhanda okumba aguquguqukayo anezinhloso ze-jet, kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa/nokubeka. Ezinye izinhlelo zifaka ukusebenza kwe-fluid ezintathu, zingezelela umoya ophakanyisiwe njengokugeleza kwesithathu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlinzwa nokuphakama kwamakhanda. Izithuthukisi zifaka izinhlelo zokulawula ukuphakama ezizenzakalelayo, ukulandelela ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola izikhala kumakhanda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvela okuqhubekayo kwezakhiwo. Izinkomba zokukhetha zigxila ezintweni ezithile zobuchwepheshe. I-pressure yokusebenza ephezulu ibeka ubukhulu bamakhanda angafinyeleleka nendlela yokungena; ukucindezela okuphezulu kuvumela amakholomu amakhulu kodwa kudinga umklamo wezakhiwo oqinile. Izinga loku-flow kwe-grout kumele lihambisane nokusheshisa kokufaka nezimo zomshini nezemhlabeni. Iziqu ze-rotational kanye nokunemba kokubeka kuthinta i-geometry ye columna, okukodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezikhonjiswa. Ukwakheka komhlabathi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomhlaba, amandla okuvinjwa angahlali, nezimo zamanzi, kuthinteka ngqo ukukhetha i-nozzle, ukwakheka kwefluid, nezimo zokusebenza. Izimo zemvelo, njengezithiyo ze-vibration nemithetho yomsindo emakhaya, zifaka ukufaka izinhlelo zokuhamba ze-dual-fluid ezenza imisebenzi ethulile kunokunye okuphakanyisiwe. Izindinganiso zemboni eziphethe i-double fluid jet grouting zifaka i-DIN EN 12716 (Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi ye-geotechnical ekhethekile), ehloselwe umklamo, ukuqhutshwa, nezimfuneko zokuphakanyiswa kwekhwalithi, kanye ne-ISO 15702-1 ephathelene nezichazamazwi nemigomo ye-jet grouting. Imiyalo eyengeziwe ibonakala ezindinganisweni zendawo (i-French NF P94-155, iziqondiso ze-German DGGT) nezinhlinzeko zobuchwepheshe ezikhethekile ezivela ku-ICOLD nasemiphakathini yezobuchwepheshe. Izinkomba zenkontileka ngokuvamile zibuza ama-columns okuhlola, izivivinyo zamandla, kanye nezinhlangano ezithombile zokubeka amakhanda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwezivumelwano nesimo esifanele sezakhiwo.
Ama-compressor omoya wokusebenza kwe-double fluid jet grouting akhombisa imishini yase-industrial echwepheshile eyakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngomoya ophumayo oguquguqukayo, ophakeme, njengemithombo eyinhloko ye-jet kumaphrojekthi wokwakhiwa izisekelo ezijulile kanye nokuthuthukiswa komhlabathi. Ku-system ye-double fluid, i-air jet isebenza ngokuhlanganyela ne-grout jet, ihlangana ngezinga elijulile ukwenza ikholomu yomhlabathi-esementi ehlangene. I-air compressor iyisisekelo salolu hlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-pneumatic futhi ibalulekile ukuze kufezwe amandla wokuhlanganisa kanye nesakhiwo sekholomu esidingekayo ukuze kudlulelwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo. Njengengxenye ebalulekile ngaphakathi kweGround Walls kanye neCutoff Curtains technology suite, lezi zinhlinzeko zikhuthaza ukuhlinzekwa kwezindonga ezihlukaniswe nge-jet-grouted, imithambeka ye-diaphragm, kanye nezikhala ezijulile zemboni zomhlabathi-ezihlanganiswe ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezijulile, ukulawula amanzi omhlabathi, nokuzinza kwamagquma. Umqondo wokusebenza kwe-double fluid systems usekelwe kwi-jet ezimbili ehlukene: i-air jet ye-high-velocity (ivame ukuhlinzekwa nge-compressor ngo-15-40 bar) kanye ne-grout jet ye-low-velocity (ehlinzekwa ngama-pumps e-cement grout). I-air jet isebenza njengemithombo eyinhloko yokuphula, ibhidliza isakhiwo somhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ithutha impahla efakiwe phezulu. I-grout jet ethokozisekayo ilandela indlela ye-air jet bese ibeka impahla yokubopha endaweni edalwe, okwenza ikholomu ezinzile. I-compressor kumele igcine ukusebenza okuqhubekayo noma okuphindaphindiwe phakathi nezikhathi ezinde ze-grouting, ngokuvamile ngezinga eliphakeme lokucindezela ukuze ihlukanise izithako zokufaka amanzi ngaphansi nangaphezu kwensada ezijulile nezindonga ezixhasiweyo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza kwe-double fluid jet grouting zisebenzisa ama-compressor e-screw angashintshi noma ama-compressor e-piston esebenzisa izindlela zokuhlunga ezinamandla njengemishini eyinhloko. Ama-screw compressors agcizelela ezindaweni ezinkulu ngenxa yokuhlinzeka ngempumelelo engcono ngomoya ezinga elijulile eliqinile kanye nezidingo eziphansi zokugcinwa; ama-piston compressors akhethwa ezimweni zokusebenza zokumqondo ophansi noma lapho amagagasi kagesi engatholakali. Ukukhethwa kwe-compressor kuxhomeke ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe: ingcindezi edingekayo yokukhishwa (evamile ngo-25-40 bar absolute ye-jet grouting ngezinga elijulile elingu-30 meters), izinga lokugeleza komoya (kuphakathi kuka-4 kuya ku-12 m³/min ngencwadi ye-jet, kuya ngedijithi yekholomu nokuphakanyiswa kwezinga), isikhwama somsebenzi (okuqhubekayo noma okuphindaphindiwe okuthuliwe), kanye nokutholakala kwamandla (umshini kagesi, injini ye-diesel, noma udidi oluphakathi). Okunye okufanele kucatshangelwe kubandakanya ukomisa umoya nokuqeda umswakamo, njengoba umswakamo emoyeni ophushe umoya ungahle ushayise phansi ukwakheka kwama-grout futhi unciphise ukuvikeleka kwekholomu. Izinga lezomthetho zamazwe omhlaba ezilawula ukwakheka nokusebenza kwama-compressor omoya zifaka i-ISO 1217 (ukuhlukaniswa kokusebenza kwamandla omoya ophushe), EN 60204-1 (ukuphepha kwezicelo - imishini kagesi), kanye ne-ISO 4413 ( amandla e-hydraulic fluid - imithetho jikelele nokuphepha). Uhlelo lwe-double fluid ngokwalo lukhuluma kwi-DIN 4093 (ukuthuthukiswa komhlabathi ngokuhlanganiswa okujule) kanye namazinga amasha e-ISO wezinto eziphansi ezilawulwayo (CLSM) kanye nezinto ezise-jetted grout. Ukukhethwa kwemishini ngabakhi kufanele kubheke nemithetho yendawo elawula ukukhishwa kwe-compressor, izinga leziwombolo (evamile elingama-85-95 dBA), kanye nokulawulwa kwempuphu yasendaweni ezithintekayo.
Imishini yokufaka amanzi amabili ibonisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokufaka igrowthi obusebenzisa amafu amabili ahlukanisiwe agcinwa ezimele kuze kube yindawo yokufaka, okuyihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlelo zokufaka igrowthi zomoya owodwa. Le nkampani yemishini iklanyelwe ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zomgogodla ozinzileyo zidinga ukulawula ngok точност ohlobene nezinye izinto, okusheshayo, kanye nokuziphatha kokungena. Ekwakheni odongeni nasekusebenzeni kwekhethi, ubuchwepheshe bokufaka amanzi amabili bubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwe-jet grouting ukuze kudaleke amakholomu omgwaqo, kusekelwe izithiyo ezingangeni manzi, kukhulule izendlalelo ezithambile zomhlabathi, futhi kusekela ukufaka amachweba nomugqa wezithiyo ze-secant. Imishini iphinde isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukungena kumakhaya aphansi kanye nasezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zokuhlanganisa umhlabathi namanzi lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwezithako zomoya kuze kube ukufaka kubalulekile empumelelweni. Imigomo yokusebenza yokufaka amanzi amabili ihilela ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lwezithako ezimbili ezihlukene—ngokuvamile, i-cementitious grout eyinhloko kanye nemvula yesibili efana namanzi, ama-accelerators, noma ama-binders ahambisanayo—ngamunye ngempompo ezimele, amamitha, kanye nokulawula ingcindezi kuze kube sekupheleni kokufaka. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuvumela ukuphathwa okuqondile kwamazinga okuxuba, izinqubo zamanzi, nezici ze-jet ezizobe zenzeke ngokuhambisana. Lezi zimbili zingafakwa ngezinhlamvu ezahlukene, izinga lokuhamba, kanye nemikhawulo yokuhamba, kukhuthaza abadlali ukuthi bahlukane ubukhulu bokuqala, ububanzi bekholomu, ukusabalala kwemathiriyali, neqhaza lokugcina lokwakha kwamazinga akhethekile. Ekuhleleni kwe-jet grouting, izinhlelo ezimbili zezithako ngokuvamile zihlinzeka i-slurry ye-cementitious namanzi ngokusebenzisa imikhono engaguquki noma ehlelekayo, kudala umphumela ophathekayo nokuguguleka okuhamba kahle, okuhlangene umhlabathi nezinto ezihambisanayo ngenkathi kugcinwa umjikelezo ophusile wempumelelo. Ukucaciswa kwemishini kule nkathi kuvamise ukufaka amayunithi wokufaka amanzi amabili aqukethe ama-pumps okudlulisela afanayo ahlukanisiwe anohlelo lokuhlinzekwa, izikhungo zokuhlanganiswa ezikhethekile zokuxuba amanzi, izinhlelo ze-manifold zokulawula ingcindezi nokuhamba ezimele, nezikhumbuzo ezihlanganisiwe zokuhlela izimo zokufaka. Izinhlobo zemishini ezivamile zifaka izinhlelo zokufaka ezishukumisayo zokugcina ukungena okuhlelekile, kubhekiwe amahloma aphezulu afaneleke ukuhlinzeka ngesigaba sesibili, nemishini yokubekela ibhodi yedokhumenti efakwe ngezici zokufaka amabili zokwakha izindonga ezinkulu. Ukukhetha imishini yokufaka amanzi amabili kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi zobuchwepheshe: ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba nezinto ezithintekayo, ukujoliswa kokuphishekela ngobubanzi bekholomu, izinhlobo zomoya nezilinganiso, izinga lokushisa nokuhamba, izithiyo zokufinyelela endaweni yokufaka, imigomo yokukhiqiza, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zobunjiniyela ezifanele. Ukukhetha imishini kufanele futhi kuhlale kubhekelela izihloko ezithile zokwakha ezihlanganisa imikhawulo yomsindo, izimo zokungqubuzana, kanye nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma ezibucayi. Izindinganiso ezihambelanayo zifaka EN 14679 (Ukufezeka Kokusebenza Okukhethekile KwezeNjineli—Jet Grouting), EN 12716 (Ukufezeka Kokusebenza Okukhethekile KwezeNjineli—Grouting), ASTM D6330, kanye nezincwadi zendawo ye-DIN zokufaka izinqubo nemishini. Izimfanelo zemathiriyali ngokuvamile zikhipha i-EN 12350 uchungechunge lwezinto ukuze kutholwe ukujwayela kwezidingo zokufaka nokusebenza, futhi kungenzeka kufake izidingo zokuphakamisa ikhwalithi ezihlobene nezehlakalo zempumelelo nokusebenza.