Izinsiza zokuphakamisa

Izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zingama-ejenti abalulekile emkhakheni wezokwakha izisekelo ezijulile, zisebenza njengemishini eyinhloko yokubeka, ukufaka, nokuphatha amathuluzi nezinye izinto ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwemindeni yomhlaba, ama-cutoff curtains, nezinhlelo ezihlobene zema-barrier ezingaphansi komhlaba. Emsebenzinwini wezisekelo ezijulile, izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zikhombisa amandla omshini okukwazi ukuphatha ukufakwa ngendlela enembile kwamathuluzi okumba akhulu, izinhlelo zokufaka, ama-tremie pipes, izigxobo ezithatha, kanye nezinsiza zokuzizwela ukuhamba kwegazi ezijulile, ziqinisekisa ukuhamba okufanele nokufakwa okuphephile ezindaweni ezinzima nezimfushane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Imikhawulo yokusebenza yezakhiwo zokuphakamisa ibhalelwe emkhakheni eminingi yezindlela zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Ekwakheni kwemindeni ye-diaphragm, izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zifaka futhi zehlise imihlangano yokuguqula, zikhumbula ama-clamshell nama-hydrofraise izigxobo ezithatha ezindaweni ezithile, futhi zifaka ama-tremie pipes ukuze kufakwe ikhonkrithi. Ku-installations ye-cutoff curtain esebenzisa izindlela zokugadla kwe-secant nodoli, izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zilawula ukuhamba kwezakhiwo zokumba futhi zifaka ama-auger heads, ama-tube okusebenza, nezinhlelo zokufaka. Ezemisebenzi ye-jet grouting, izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zisimamisa futhi zisebenzisa ama-jet pipes kanye nezinhloli ezindaweni ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okulinganayo nokuzinza komhlabathi. Ukwakha imindeni ye-soil-cement-bentonite (SCB) nakho kuxhomeke ezakhiweni zokuphakamisa ngenxa yokubeka imishini yokuhlanganisa kanye nokulawula ukuvumelanisa kwe-slurry ngesikhathi sokufaka. Imindeni ye-slurry trench cutoff isebenzisa izakhiwo zokuphakamisa ukuphatha izinsiza zokufaka nokuhlola, kanti izinhlelo ze-secant pile kanye nezinhlelo ze-sheet pile zixhomeke ezakhiweni zokuphakamisa ukuze ziqinisekise ukuma kokumba nokushaya kwemishini ngephutha eliphezulu. Ngokubhekiselele emkhakheni wasebenza, izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zisebenza njengezindlela zokubeka ezinembile kunokuba kube izinsiza ezilula zokuhambisa. Isidingo esiyinhloko asikho kuphela emandleni okuphakamisa, kodwa kunalokho amandla okuzuza ukuhamba okuvamile, okuphathwa ngendlela enembile kwe-vertical ngosizo lwezindleko ezincane, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wama-borehole lapho imishini kufanele idlule ezihlanganweni noma igcine ukulungiswa okuqinile. Izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zanamuhla zifaka izinkomba zomthwalo, izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukuhamba, kanye nezinsiza zokuhlola ubude ukuze zifeze ukuhamba ku-centimeter okuphoqelelwe kugcizelelo lwezidingo zezisekelo ezijulile. Umsebenzi wendawo uqhubeka nokuxhumana ngokuqhubekayo nabantu basemhlabeni besebenzisa amasistimu okukhombisa ajwayelekile noma ukuxhumana ngeradiyo ukuze bagcine ukulawulwa kokuma ngesikhathi sokufaka nasekukhishweni. Izikhiye zomshini zihluke kakhulu ngokwendlela ezithathelwa khona. Izinketho ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa izakhiwo ze-lattice boom ngefomethi ethile, izakhiwo zokuphakamisa ezizungezayo ezinikeza ukufuduka nokuzibeka ngokwakho, kanye nezinhlelo ze-derrick ezinikwe indawo yokwakha ehlelekile yokusebenza okuphezulu. Umthwalo uhlala phakathi kuka-25 kuya ku-200 metric tons, kuye ngemisela yokuphatha edlalwe nemisebe yokusebenza. I-configurations ingabandakanya ama-hook blocks akhethekile ane-bar zokwabela umthwalo, ama-shackles okusebenza ahlonywe ukuze aphathe kakhudlwana, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ubude ezihlanganiswe nemiphakathi yemikhono. Izikhetho zokukhetha izakhiwo zokuphakamisa zigxile kumapharamitha ambalwa abalulekile: umthwalo okrequired ophakamisa ku-parts eyodwa engama-hey kumelela ezindaweni zokusebenza, ibanga lokuphakela ukusuka endaweni yokuphakamisa ukuya emkhatsini we-borehole, ukuphakanyiswa oku zingalungiseka endaweni, ukujula kwansuku zalesimo, izinga lokwehla okuceliwe futhi nokwaziswa kokuma, kanye nokuhambisana ne layout yendawo esivele ikhona kanye nezindawo zokubeka izinto. Abakhi kufanele baqinisekise amarekhodi e-sertification, imibhalo yokuhlola umthwalo, kanye nezinhlelo zokugwema izinkinga ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo nezimfuneko zephrojekthi. Ukukhetha imishini kube i-references EN 13000 (izidingo eziyimpoqo zezakhiwo zokuphakamisa ezihambayo), EN 14439 (izakhiwo ze-derrick), kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezithile zephrojekthi ezivame ukuhlangana ne-DNV, IMCA, noma iziqondiso ezifanele zomkhakha wezisekelo ezijulile. Izibalo zomthwalo kufanele zihlonze izinto zokuphikisana, ama-coefficient we-impact, kanye nezimo zokuphika ezingaphansi komhlaba ezithintayo ku-tension ye-wire rope nokulawula ukuma.