Izigaba Zokubhoboza

Izigaba zebhithi zibalulekile njengezinsiza zokugaya ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokugaya nge-hammer ezinkulu (DTH), zigcina umphakathi obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka ezijulile nasezinhlelweni ze-geotechnical. Lezi zifaki ezishintshwayo zifakwe entanjeni yebhithi yokugaya futhi zisetshenziswa njengendawo yokugaya eyinhloko phakathi kwezinsiza zokugaya nezakhi zofuzo phezulu komhlaba. Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi yeziqalo ezijulile, ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesilinganiso somhlabathi nezidingo zokugaya ezinkulu, izigaba zebhithi zakhiwe ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zokuphuca, izinto ezahlukahlukene, nezimo zomhlaba eziguquguqukayo ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwemigodi. Ikhwalithi nekhono lezigaba zebhithi zithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokugaya, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zokwakha izisekelo. Abakhi abasebenzela ukushayelwa kwephahla, ukufakwa kwemicropile, nezinye izinhlelo zokwakha ezijulile bathembele ezigabeni zebhithi ezisebenza kahle ukuze bagcine ukukhiqiza ngenkathi behlisa kwizendlalelo zomhlabathi ezinzima, itshe elizoshintsha, izitini eziphukile, kanye nezinqubo ezihlanganisiwe zokwakha ezivamile ezindaweni zokwakha ezinzima. Ukukhetha nokusebenza kwezigaba zebhithi kuhluke kakhulu kuye ngezimo zomhlaba nezindlela zokugaya. Amaphampu e-DTH anezidingo ezikhethekile eziphakeme zezigaba zebhithi ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-fragmentation ye-roc enembile nezinga lokungena ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe bokwakha izisekelo. Izigaba zebhithi kufanele ziqinise ukugqoka nokuphuka lapho kugaya ngezinto ezithile ezifana ne-sandstone, granite, kanye nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe, ngenkathi zigcina ukusebenza ezindaweni zomhlabathi ezithambile nezimvula zomhlaba. I-geometry ye-profi yezigaba zebhithi—including usayizi wefaka, ukukhala komkhawulo, kanye nesakhiwo se-carbide—kubalulekile ukufanisa izicelo zokugaya ezithile, noma ngabe zisebenza ezimithini eziqukethe ukujula okuqhubekayo noma ezingezinhle ezilindele ukukhetha okuqinile. Abakhi bezisekelo nezinkampani zokugaya ezikhethekile kumele bacabange kahle izimpawu zezigaba zebhithi ukuze baphendule ezimeni ezitholakalayo zomhlaba, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-borehole efanele nokunciphisa izikhathi ezibizayo zokuphendula ibhithi phakathi kwezinhlelo eziphathelene nezisekelo. Izicelo zezigaba zebhithi emsebenzini wezisekelo ezijulile zifaka imibiko ehlukile yokwakha ehlanganisa ukufakwa kwephahla elikhulu, ukugaya kwe-caisson, ukuhlinzekwa kwesikhwama somhlaba, nezinhlelo zokwenza umhlabathi ezidinga imigodi ejulile. Ukuhlola kwezimayini nokugaya kokuhlola kwezobuchwepheshe kuyathandwa kakhulu ngezigaba zebhithi ze-DTH ukwenza ukususa amasampula amakhona nokwakha imigodi yokuchaza umhlaba. Ukuphila nokwethembeka kwezigaba zebhithi kuthinta ngqo izikhathi zohlelo nezabelomali, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinzima zomhlaba lapho izindlela zokugaya ezijwayelekile zikhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokwakha izisekelo bukhula kahle kakhulu ngokuqinisa izinhlelo ezijulile nezimo zomhlaba ezinzima, ukubaluleka kwezigaba zebhithi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezikhiqizwe ngempahla ye-carbide ethuthukisiwe nezakhiwo zokwakha ezenziwe ngokuqondile kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukukhetha abahlinzeki abaqinisekisiwe bezigaba zebhithi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bezokwakha bagcina izinga eliqhubekela phambili, kwehlisa isikhathi sokuma ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinsiza, futhi bafinyelele izinga eliphezulu lekhwalithi ye-borehole elibalulekile ekuwakhiweni kwezisekelo ezijulile eziphephile nezizinzile.