Ithuluzi lokufaka amanzi kathathu limele ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bokwelashwa phansi phakathi kwejet grouting, obulungele ukudala ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba okunamandla aphezulu, okuphansi kokungena emanzini ezinhlelweni ezinzima ze-geotechnical. Lezi zithuluzi zenza kube lula ukufaka lokhu kwelashwa kathathu okwehlukile — ngokuvamile ukugrouta okukwenza nge-cementitious, amanzi anezinga eliphezulu, nomoya ophumayo — emhlabathini noma ezindaweni ze-rock ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elilodwa lokufaka. Le tekinoloji ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezisekelo ezijulile lapho indlela ejwayelekile yokufaka amanzi noma amabili inganele, ikakhulukazi emaphrojeni adinga ukwakhiwa kwama-cut-off wall okufanele, ukumiswa kwe-secant piles, ukuqinisa umhlaba ezindaweni ezihlangene, kanye nokunciphisa ukungena emanzini ezakhiweni ezingamanga. Izicelo eziyinhloko zezimali zokufaka amanzi kathathu zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zomoya nezikhethini zokuphuma ngaphakathi kokwakhiwa kwezinqolobane nokuqeda izindawo ez contaminatayo, ukwakhiwa kwe-secant kanye nezindonga ze-tangent piles zokusekela ukuhluza kwejula, ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba nokuzinza kwemass ezizeni ezithambile noma eziguquguqukayo, nokugrouta okulungisa ezindaweni ze-rock ezinama-patterns akhulu. Izinhlelo zokufaka amanzi kathathu zisebenza kahle ezindaweni lapho ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba nokungena emanzini okuguquguqukayo kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-jet grouting, njengoba ukulawula okuhlukile kwalolu hlobo lwe-fluid kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi baphathe inqubo yokufaka ngesikhathi sangempela ngokuya ngezimo zomhlaba ezibonakalayo kanye nezimpendulo zokuchoboza. Ngokwenziwa, ukufakwa kwamafluid kathathu kusebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-nozzle yokufaka ethintwa isikhala esisodwa lapho amanzi ne-grout efakwa ngejubane nezinga elihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezihlangene, ngenkathi umoya ohlakazayo uhambisana nezilayidi ze-fluid. Le nhlangano ikhiqiza umkhiqizo ophathwa kahle we-erosion okwakha izindawo ezicilindile noma ezicilindile ezihlanganisiwe ezinomgomo ovamile ophakathi kuka-0.8 kuya ku-2.5 amamitha, kuye ngokushosholoza kwethuluzi, i-nozzle geometry, amandla omhlaba, kanye nezinga lokuhweba lekhatiji. Isilinganiso se-grout kuya kwamanzi nomoya ungaguqulwa ngokwemvelo phakathi kokusebenza, uvumela ukulawulwa okuphelele kokwakhiwa kwamandla, izici zokungenisa emanzini, kanye nosayizi wokugcina womugqa — ikhono elingekho ezinhlelweni zokwakha ezijwayelekile zefaziyo eyodwa. Ukwakhiwa kwezimali kuleli qembu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokwakha ezimutshaliweyo ezinezinhlaka ezijulile noma ezikhonjiswe kahle, izithuluzi zokuhluza ezijulile ezihlotshiswe nezixazululo ze-triple-fluid, kanye nezinsiza zokwakha ze-jet ezihlanganisiwe ezinezinhlelo zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo zokulawula ingcindezi nokuhamba komswakama. Izinhlelo zesimanje zifaka ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kwezinga lokufaka (ingcindezi, ukuhamba komswakama, ukuhlinzeka ngomoya), ukulawulwa kwesivinyo sokuphenduka, kanye namakhono okugcina idatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokwakha kanye ne-password yokuqinisekisa. Izimiso zokukhetha izinsiza zokufaka amanzi kathathu zihlanganisa izidingo zendawo yokusebenza (ezihambelana nezindawo ezishubile zokuqala kuya ezimatheni ezingama-60+ meters), izinhlobo zomhlaba nezindonga ezilindelekile, izidingo zokugcina umgomo wokugcina nokuhlonza, ukufinyelela endaweni nezikhala ezikhanyayo, kanye nezidingo zokunemba kokwakhiwa kwemigqa ye-well noma ukuvumelanisa kwamakhono. Abaklami baqinisekisa amandla wezinsiza ngokuhlola ingcindezi enkulu yokufaka (ngokuvamile 25–60 MPa), ukuzisebenzisa kwamandla amanzi, izidingo zomoya ophumayo, kanye nokuhambisana nezakhiwo ezikhona zokuhluza noma zokwakha. Izindinganiso zezimboni ezilawula i-triple fluid jet grouting zishiwoyo ku-EN 12716 (Ukuqedela kwemisebenzi ethile ye-geotechnical—Jet grouting), ISO 21496 (Ikhwalithi yomhlaba namanzi ngaphansi—Isiqondiso sokuhlola nasekuhlobeni kokuhlola izinga lokushisa lemigogodla ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yamanzi), kanye nemigomo efanele yezwe efana ne-DIN 4126 eJalimane nezindinganiso ezihambelanayo ze-European. Ukuhambisana nalezi zindinganiso kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana endaweni yokwakha, izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi, imibhalo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza emaphrojeni aphesheya.
Amabhokisi amanzi aphakeme anengcindezi ayithuluzi elibalulekile ohlelweni lokufaka amafluid kathathu, esebenza njengemishini eyinhloko yokuletha amandla e-hydraulic aphansi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komhlaba weziqalo ezinzulu nokwakhiwa kwemijondolo yokumisa. Lezi zimpompo zenza futhi zigcine ingcindezi evamise ukuba phakathi kuka-200 no-600 bar, okuvumela ukufakwa ngok precise nokubekwa kwe-suspension ye-semanti, ukuhlanganiswa kwemichiza, kanye ne-jet yephuzu emithini yembewu ngama-patterns alungisiwe, aphindaphindiwe. Indima yazo ibalulekile ekufezeni izakhi zomhlaba ezizodwa, ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zomhlabathi, nokwakha izithiyo ezingangeneki emsebenzini wezimfundamakhaya. Emkhakheni wezobunjiniyela beziqalo ezinzulu, amabhokisi amanzi aphakeme asekelwa emisebenzini embalwa ebalulekile. Phakathi nezinhlelo zokusebenza kwe-jet grouting, lezi zimpompo ziqhuba amanzi aphakeme ngenhla kusekela iziqu ze-soil-cement ezinomthamo ofanele kanye nezici zokucindezela. Ekuxubeni i-soil-cement nasekuqinisekiseni ukumelana kwe-soil in-situ, zifika amanzi axhunywe nezimo ezikhiphayo ukwakha izikhumbuzo ezikhululiwe zomhlaba nezindonga. Ku-diaphragm wall nokwakhiwa kwezinsika ezixhumuziweyo, amabhokisi aphakeme ahambisa i-slurry yokumba, alungisa ibhalansi yokucindezela ye-hydrostatic, futhi afaka i-grout ezindongeni zokumisa nasezindawini zomkhosi. Emsingathi we-chemical grouting obheke ezintweni eziphukile zamakhabhu noma ezindaweni ezinamandla, lezi zimpompo zifika ngamanani alawulwayo ama-resins, silicates, noma i-polyurethane ngengcindezi efanelekile yokungena ngokujulile ngaphandle kokuphuka komhlaba okuzungezile noma izakhiwo ezikhona. Iphakheji yenqubo yokusebenza igxile kukhumbuzi olunembile noma ubuchwepheshe bamabhokisi aphakeme, lapho abachithi bezingqimba behlelwe ngama-pumps anengcindezi eyanelisayo yokusebenza kwe-jet grouting ngenxa yokulethwa kwayo kwe-pressure engashintshi nokukwazi ukugcina ukuhambisana kubungako bomhlaba obuhlukahlukene. Amanzi angena ku-inhaler ye-pump ukusuka kumthombo noma ukwelashwa, edlula kumaski ukuvimbela ukuvaleka, futhi aphakanyiswa ngama-screw, ama-piston, noma ama-impeller aphindaphindiwe ngaphambi kokuphuma ezinqolobaneni nasezikhumbuzweni. Ukuhlela ingcindezi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ama-relief valves alungiselelwe ingcindezi yokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komphakathi nokuvikela umonakalo wezinsiza. Izinhlobo zamatulu kule mikhakha zifaka phakathi ama-pumps ama-centrifugal wokuphakelwa kwemito nemithwalo (evamise ukuba phakathi kuka-5–40 bar), amabhokisi anengcindezi ye-piston edingekayo noma ama-screw pumps ukuze kuzuze i-jet grouting eqondile (200–600 bar), kanye nezimo zokupompa eziningi ezidingekayo kumathuba adinga izinyathelo ze-pressure ezilandelanayo. Izinto ezixhunywe zihlanganisa ama-pressure gauges, ama-flow meters, ama-relief valves, ama-hoses aphumayo anezikhala ezithile, kanye namathangi emud noma iziphakanyiswa zokulungiselela i-slurry nokuphathwa kwezimfucuza. Izinkomba zokukhetha amabhokisi amanzi aphakeme zihlanganisa ukuhambisana kwendlela ye-pump nokucindezela kanye nezidingo zokuphakelwa, ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwezinto nezimfanelo ze-slurry noma zokwakhiwa kwemichiza, ukuhlola ukulwela nokutholakala kwamandla endaweni, nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kanye nemvelo. Ingcindezi yokusebenza kufanele idlule ekubhulazweni okukhona; ingcindezi enganele ibangela ukuthuthukiswa okungaphelile, kanti ingcindezi ephezulu ingakha ukushuba okungazelelwe komhlaba nokulinyazwa kukamasipala eduze. Izindinganiso zemboni ezilawulayo ezichaza izitifiketi zamabhokisi zifaka i-ISO 4413 yokuphepha kwezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, i-EN 12716 yokuhlelo lwezindlela eziyindida kumphumela wombuso, kanye ne-DIN 4125 yokwakha izimfanelo zomhlaba. Abakhiqizi bamabhokisi bavame ukuqinisekisa ingcindezi yokusebenza, izinga lokugeleza, nezitifiketi zezinto ngokwezindinganiso lezi, ngenkathi abakhiqizi beziqalo ezinzulu bekhetha amathuluzi ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni zomhlaba, ukujula, kanye nezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezithile ezibekwe.
Izinhlelo ze-Triple Fluid Monitor zimele imishini ebalulekile yokulawula nokuhlola ezinhlelweni zokwelapha umhlaba ezihilela ukufakwa kwamanzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lezi zinsiza zokuhlola zilandelela, zirekhoda, futhi zilawule ukuhanjiswa kwezi fluid ezintathu ezihlukene—okuvamile kube uceleni lwensimbi, uketshezi lwe-bentonite, namanzi, noma ezinye izixube zokubopha—kuqinisekisa ukusikwa okuqondile kanye nekhwalithi eyodwa yokuhambisa throughout inqubo yokufaka. Ku-engineering yeziqhamo ezdeep, ukulandelela kokufakwa kwe-triple fluid kubaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba okwenziwe ngcono lapho izinhlelo ze-fluid eyodwa zingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi ye-geotechnical edingekayo noma ukusebenza kwemvelo. Ama-Triple Fluid Monitors asetshenziselwa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela ngembobo ezahlukene kanye nezinsizakalo zokuzinzisa umhlaba. Izindlela eziyinhloko zisebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, lapho izilinganiso eziqondile ze-fluid zivikela ukuhlukaniswa futhi ziqinisekisa umjikelezo ongu-1; ukufakwa kokuphuma ukuze kudalwe izithiyo ze-hydraulic ezindaweni ezithintekayo nangaphansi kwezinqolobane; ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ze-pile ze-secant ne-tangent; imisebenzi ye-jet grouting lapho pressures e-fluid ehlukene nemithombo ilawula i-geometry ye-jet nokuphuma okubanzi; nezicelo zokuxuba umhlaba okdeep ezidinga ukuhluza okuqondile kwe-cement, additives, namanzi. Le teknoloji ithola isicelo nasekuqiniseni izisekelo, ukuqinisa izindonga, nokulethwa kwe-micropile grout, lapho ukuhlolela kuvinjwa okuhamba ngokweqile, okuphansi, nokuhlukana kwezingxenye. Ngokomsebenzi, ama-triple fluid monitors asebenza njengohlelo lokuhlola olunomsebenzi ophathekayo. I-circuit ngayinye ye-fluid ihlanganisa izinsiza ezithile zokukala ukuhamba—okuvamile kube ama-gear pumps anama-sensors wokuhamba, ama-Coriolis meters, noma ama-turbine flowmeters—axhunywe nezixhumi zokpressure ezikhungweni zokufaka nasemathinini okuphuma. Izinhlelo zokuhlola ngesikhathi sangempela ziqhathanisa izinga lokuhamba langempela nezindawo ezililodwa ezihlelwe, zishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhamba kwepump noma ukuhlela izikhuphukeli ukuze zigcine izilinganiso eziphezulu. Izinhlelo zesimanje zihlala zifaka units zokuthola idatha ezifika isikhathi sokurekhoda somfundiso, ithuba lokuhamba, ivolumu ekhishwe, nezinga lokushisa le-fluid, ukukhiqiza imibhalo ye-assurance quality edingekayo ngamalungelo nemigomo yephrojekthi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zihluke kakhulu ngesisekelo sokusebenzisa. Izinhlelo ezikhiphayo zisebenza ezinhlelweni zokwakha izindonga ze-diaphragm ezivamile nezinto zokuphuma, kanti izinsiza eziphathwayo noma ezikhululekile zisekela imisebenzi ye-jet grouting nezicelo ze-micropile ezidinga ukuhamba. Ukuhlelwa kuyehluka ekwaziseni kwe-fluid—izinhlelo zingahambisa ngokuqondile izithako ezintathu noma zifake izinqutshe ezengeziwe zokugeza amanzi, izengezo, noma okubhalayo. Izilinganiso ze-pressure ngokuvamile zihlala phakathi kwe-20 kuya ku-40 MPa kuye ngokusetshenziswa, nezinga lokuhamba lisukela ku-5 kuya ku-40 m³/h. Imigomo yokukhetha izinhlelo ze-triple fluid monitoring ifaka phakathi ukubaluleka kwezinga lokuhamba, umphakathi wokucindezela, ukufaniswa kwe-fluid (rheology ye-cement, umthamo we-bentonite), ukunemba kwemigomo (okuvamile ±2% yokukala ukuhamba), izinga lokushisa lokuSebenzisa, kanye nezinga lokurekhoda idatha. Ochwepheshe bahlola ukuqina kwehlelo, ukwehluka kwe-sensor emisebenzini ebaluleke kakhulu, ukufaniswa nezinhlelo zamanje zokuhlola nezokuhambisa, kanye nokuhambisana nemigomo yephrojekthi. Izindinganiso ezifanele ezilawula ukulandelela kokufakwa kwe-triple fluid zifaka phakathi i-EN 1538 (Ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi ye-geotechnical ekhethekile—Izindonga ze-diaphragm), i-EN 12699 (Ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi ye-geotechnical ekhethekile—Ama-micropiles), i-ISO 22475-1 (Uphenyo nomlinganiso—Izindlela zokuphuma nezilinganiso ze- groundwater), kanye ne-DIN 4128 (Izindonga ze-diaphragm). Lezi zindinganiso zibekela phansi izidingo zemibhalo, amazinga okunemba kokukala, kanye neziphakamiso ze-assurance quality ezidingekayo ukuthi ama-triple fluid monitors anikeze.