Izinsiza Zokubhoboza I-Jet Grouting Zesiteshi

Izingcingo zeTunnel Jet Grouting Izingcingo ze-tunnel jet grouting ziwumkhiqizo wezinsiza ozinhloko, owenziwe ukuqhuba imisebenzi ye-jet grouting ephephile nengcwele emhlabeni ongaphansi, ikakhulu ekwakhiweni kwethuneli, ukweseka ukuhlwanyela, kanye nokuzinza komhlaba ezindaweni eziphithizelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zifaka i-grout enezinga eliphakeme nge-nozzle ezinamakhono emhlabeni nasemadwala, zihlukanisa futhi zixuba ingqimba ekhona ngokuhlanganisa ne-cementitious binder ukuze kwakhiwe amakholomu omhlaba aqinile anokuthwala okuhle, ukuvimbela umswakama, kanye nokuhlanganiswa komshini. Ekuqeqesheni kwemigqa ejulile, izingcingo ze-tunnel jet grouting zisebenza njengezixhobo ezibalulekile zokwelapha umhlaba ngaphambi kokwakha, ukuzinza ngemva kokuhlwanyela, kanye nokwakha ama-curtain okuphumula ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni ezinzima noma eziphumelelayo. Izingcingo ze-tunnel jet grouting zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezahlukene zomhlaba ongaphansi. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi i-jet grouting yokuzinza kwezinhlangothi zethuneli kanye nokufakwa kwamaphoyisa, ukudalwa kwamakholomu e-jet grouting aqondile nesiwombe ukuze kusekelwe odongeni bethuneli futhi kuvinjezelwe ukuvulela, ukufakwa kwamakhethwa amanzi angangeni emhlabeni ezindaweni eziphithekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kweqembu elingalungile elisemhlabeni jikelele ngezinye izigaba, kanye nezithiyo zokuvimbela umswakama endaweni ye-karst. Lezi zingcingo zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamathunithi emadolobheni lapho ukuvuvukala kwangaphandle nokukhala kufanele kuncishiswe, kanye nomhlaba ophelele lapho ubuchwepheshe boma-diagram obujwayelekile bukhombisa izinselelo zokuphatha. Izinhlelo zextendela ukwenza i-consolidation grouting ngaphansi kwezinto ezikhona ngesikhathi sokufuduka kethuneli nokuqinisa umhlabathi phambi kwe-shield tunneling operations. Umqondo wokusebenza uxhomeke ohlelweni lwe-grouting olunomfutho ophakeme, oluvame ukuba ne-piston noma ipoho ecentrifugal egcwalisa ucwaningo lwezinga le-350-800 bar, iletha i-grout ngentambo ye-drilling mast enezinsiza zokusebenzisa eziyodwa, ezimbili, noma ezintathu. I-drilling mast ibeka i-nozzle array ezindaweni ezithile emhlabeni, futhi amandla okujikeleza kokuqapha kuvumela ukujolisa kwe-nozzle emhorizontal nasezintweni ukuze kudalwe izimo zamakholomu. Njengoba i-mast ikhutshwa ngendlela ehlelekile, i-jet enezinga eliphakeme (ivamile ukuba ngu-200+ m/s lapho iphuma ku-nozzle) ihlukanisa umhlaba nasemadwaleni asendaweni, ngasikhathi sinye ixubha nabo be-grout slurry, okwenza kube khona ikholomu ye-soil-cement eqinile. Uhlelo lokulawula u-pressure noluhlu lokukhipha luphatha usayizi wekholomu, ovamile ukuba ngu-0.8-2.5 m kuye ngohlobo lomhlabathi nolwakhiwo lwe-nozzle. Izinhlaka zeziphumo zihluka kakhulu ngokwemvelo yokufakwa. Iziqu ze-nozzle eyodwa zikhombisa ukulawula okuqondiyo kokwelashwa; izinhlelo ze-nozzle ezimbili nezintathu zisheshisa ukudalwa kwekhomolomu futhi zinciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza. I-drilling masts ivame ukufakwa ezinkundleni ezinemigqomo noma ezinkwethu ukuze ivumele ukuhamba phakathi kwezindawo zethuneli, kuyilapho ukufakwa okungashintshiwe kusetshenziselwa lapho ukufinyelela njalo ezindaweni zomsebenzi ezizinzile kudingeka. Izingcingo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukufakwa ezithunyelwe eziphansi; izinhlelo ezinemojuli zivumela ukuhlukaniswa nokubuyiselwa ezindaweni eziyizimo eziphakathi. Izingxenyekazi zokuxuba ze-grout zibalulekile, zivame ukuhlinzekwa ngemixers ye-colloidal noma amadivayisi aphezulu ukuze kube necwecwe eliphumile elihle nge-leutzhel umphumelo wokwenza okuthile. Izinkomba zokukhetha izinsiza ze-tunnel jet grouting zigxile enanini eliphakeme lokusebenza, ubukhulu obuncane be-nozzle, ukujula kanye nezinga lokuhamba ngaphakathi kokwakhiwa kwethuneli, ukunemba kokujikeleza nokuphinda kabusha kwe-monitor, ukuhamba kwegrout okuqinile, kanye nokuhambisana nezimo zokuphinda kabusha. Ukuzihlanganisa okuphezulu — okuhlanganisa ukulawula i-mast ye-computer, ukulawula ijubane lokukhipha, kanye nokuhlola u-pressure — kuyanda kakhulu, kuvumela ukufakwa kokukhombisa kwesikhala sendawo nokubhaliswa kokwenziwa kokwelashwa. Ukuthembeka kwezinsiza phakathi nezikhathi zokusebenza ezide kanye namakhono okukh shutdown asemqoka ezindaweni zethuneli ezisebenzayo. Izindinganiso ezihlobene zifaka i-EN 12715 (ukuphunyelelwa kwemisebenzi ethile ye-geotechnical: grouting), i-EN ISO 13286 (material engahlanganisiwe kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe — Ingxenye 3: jet grouting), kanye ne-DIN 4093 (jet grouting), ezicacisa izidingo zokusebenza, ukuvumelanisa kwezinto, kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha izinga. Ukwelashwa komhlaba okukhethekile kuthuneli kulawulwa yi-EN 14679 (ukuphunyelelwa kwe-deep jet grouting) kanye nemithetho yokwakha nezokumbiwa ezweni.