Ukushaywa Kwephepha Ngokuvunguzela

Ukushayelwa kwezalwane ezihambayo kuyisu eliyisisekelo lokufaka Izikhala zephepha ezikhawulelwe nezihlala njalo, ezisebenza njengezithiyo ezibalulekile zokwakha nezokuhambisa emiphakathini yokwakhiwa kwezifunda ezijulile. Izikhala zephepha ziyizigaba zensimbi ezihlangene noma ezakhiwe ngekhonkrithi eqinile ezakha izithiyo ezim vertical, ezisebenza njengezingcezu ezithwala loads, izinhlelo zokuphela kwamanzi, noma izakhiwo zokweseka ngokuphathelene. Emqondweni wokubhalela emhlabeni, imishini ehambayo ivumela ukufakwa okujabulisayo nokuphumelelayo kwabakhi ba ngezikhala eziyholelayo emithonjeni eqinile, insimbi, neziqongo ezihlanganisiwe ngenkathi kwehliswa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba - inzuzo enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushayelwa kokuphuma ezindaweni ezithinta imvelo noma ezixakile. Izikhala zephepha ezihambayo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezehlukene zokwakha. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezindonga ze-diaphragm njengokweseka okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokumba, ezindlini zokuphela ngaphansi kwemifula nakweminye imithombo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhamba kwamanzi phakathi kweziqongo ze-alluvial, nasezindongeni ezihlongozwayo nezihlangene lapho ukwedlula komjikelezo ophakanyisiwe kudala ukweseka komhlaba. Ezindaweni zamanzi, izikhala zephepha ezihambayo zakha izakhiwo eziyizindonga, izindonga ze-quay, nezivalo zemikhumbi. Izinhlelo zemboni zifaka ukufakwa kwezimboni zamakhemikhali, izinhlelo zokukhululwa kwedamu, nezithiyo ze-perimeter ze-landfill. Lezi zifaka zisebenza kakhulu ezimeni ezingashintshiwe, zidinga imishini enesimo esikhona sokugcina umkhiqizo emithonjeni engaphansi kwamanzi noma ezindaweni ezinosawoti ophezulu. Umqondo wokusebenza kokushayelwa kwezalwane ezihambayo uthinta ukufaka okuphindaphindiwe okuphezulu (ngokuvamile 10-25 Hz) emathafeni enhloko yefosili nge-vibrator ye-hydraulic efakwe emuva noma phezulu. Le oscillation yehlisa ingcindezi ejwayelekile ephepheni le-soil-pile, yehlisa ingcindezi yembobo futhi ivumela ukufakwa kwephela ngaphansi komthwalo wabo, kufakwe ukucindezela okuphezulu. Ngokwehlukile kuziqhumiso, imishini ehambayo ikhipha ukululama okuqinisayo, okuholela kumazinga e-vibration aphansi omhlaba kanye nokwehliswa kokuphazamiseka ezakhiweni nasezinsizakazini ezizungezile. Izinga lokufaka ngokuvamile lidlula okushayelwe, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni ophakathi nokuhlala, nakuba ukusebenza ezindaweni eziziqhumayo nezinsangu kungase kudinge ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa ukushayelwa. Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zifaka izihlungi ze-diesel noma ze-elekthronikhi ezisemkhathini ezibekwe kumathuluzi okuhamba noma kuzinqola ezimisiwe, eziqala kuya ku-3 kuya ku-25+ tonnes emashini okugijima. Umsebenzi wokukhipha izikhala ubalulekile, lapho ukujikeleza kokuvimbela noma izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokukhipha zisebenza ukuze kusizakale ezikhala. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zifaka ama-inclinometers, ama-sensors wengcindezi, nezokubhaliswa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kwe-verticality nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo. Imishini yokwesekwa ifaka iziqhaza zephepha, abaholi, kanye nezinduku ezisayineka ukuze kulawulwe ukuhlanganiswa kobubanzi nokuqhathaniswa. Izinkambo zokukhetha imishini ehambayo zifaka ukwakheka komhlaba kanye nezinga lokuthwala, usayizi nezisindo zezikhala, depth yokufaka, imikhawulo yemvelo (ukukhala, imikhawulo ye-vibration), kanye nesikhathi somsebenzi. Abaklami babheka isiko somhlaba ngephrojekthi yegeotechnical ukuze bahlaziye ukukhiqizwa kokushayelwa; iziqongo eziqinile noma izithiyo zingase zidinge imishini ethuthukisiwe noma ubuchwepheshe oba uzimele. Uhlobo lokuhlanganiswa kwezikhala kanye nezimo zezikhalazo ezikholwayo zithinta ukukhethwa kwemishini, njengoba izikhala ezikholwayo zidinga ubuchwepheshe bokushayelwa obukhethekile noma ukwesekwa komthetho. Izifaka kumele zihambisane ne-DIN 4128 (ukwakheka nokushayelwa kwezikhala), EN 12063 (imikhankaso - ivamise ukusetshenziswa eduze kwezikhala), ISO 16683 (izindlela zokuhambisa nezokuphazamiseka), kanye nemithetho yokwakha yasendaweni. Ukuklama kwe-geotechnical kugcinwa yi-Eurocode 7 (EN 1997) kanye nezinga lezakhamuzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwezakhiwo nokulawula ukwehla. Ukuhambisana nemvelo kudinga ukuhlinzeka ngemikhawulo ye-vibration ngokwe-ISO 4866 kanye ne-DIN 4150, kuvikelwe ezakhiweni ezizungezile nasezinsizakazini. Ukucaciswa okwenziweyo kanye nokuphumelelisa, okubhekelwa ngababhengezi bokushayelwa abaqinisekisiwe kanye nemishini yokubeka, kubalulekile ukuze kube nezixazululo zokugcina umhlaba eziphephile, ezibiza nezihambisana nezimiso.