Imigudu Yokukhishwa

Imigudu yokukhishwa ibonakala iyinqe enkulu yezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni izisekelo ezijulile, ezokufaka izinsika, nezinhlelo zobunjiniyela bemhlabeni. Umumo wepipethi yokukhishwa uthutha amanzi atholiwe aphume ngaphansi komthamo wamanzi, egcina ukulawula amanzi aphilayo kuze kube ngemva kokwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezijulile, ukufakwa kwezinsika, nokwakhiwa kwezikhala. Lezi zinsiza zokukhipha amanzi zesikhashana ziba zibalulekile lapho izimo zamafutha emvelo zifaka ingozi ekuzweleni kokumba noma zinciphise ukufakwa okuhle kwezinsika, ama-casions, noma izindonga ze-diaphagram emhlabeni ogcwele amanzi. Izinhlelo zokukhishwa kamehlo kumele zakheke kahle ukuze zikwazi ukuphatha izinga lokugeleza elihlukahlukene elikhiqizwa yimikhiqizo yokuphumpa ye-wellpoint, ngokuvamile lelanga elikhulu phakathi (50-100mm) flat pipes ezisela kumagqubu aphakeme okukhishwa (100-300mm noma ngaphezulu) kuye ngezimo ze-hydrological zasendaweni nezidingo zomthamo wokukhipha amanzi. Le mikhakha ihlanganisa ama-header okuthola amanzi aqoqa amanzi avela ezinsikeni ze-wellpoint, izixhumi ze-hose eziguquguqukayo zokuhambisana nokunyakaza kwendawo nokukhukhuleka okukhona emikhiqizweni yokufaka izinsika, nokuphuma kokukhishwa okwakhelwe ukuphakanyiswa kamanzi okuphenywa noma ukulethwa ezikhungweni zokuhlanza. Ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile, kuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa i-polyethylene, i-PVC, kanye ne-rubber hose eqinile, okunconywayo ngokusekelwe kumakhemikhali omhlabathi, izikhwama ze-particle eziyisongele, nezidingo zokpressi. Emhlabeni unigela ophumayo onokuphumeka okuphansi ne-piezometric head ephezulu, izinga lokukhishwa lingaba likhulu, kudinga ukwakhiwa okwenziwe kahle kwepipethi kanye nezibalo ezifanele zomthamo. Ekuphakathini kwezihlahla ezisanda kuhloma zokufana nezihlabathi noma ngaphandle, umthamo wokukhishwa ubonakala ungaphatheka kalula, nakuba usayizi ofanele usaqhubeka ubalulekile ukuze unciphise ukulahleka kwamandla aphumayo nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Izicelo zihlanganisa izimo ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela bemhlaba kuhlanganisa nokumba izikhala ezijulile ezikhaleni zamadolobha, ukufakwa kwepali eyinhloso enkulu lapho izinga lamanzi kufanele lilawulwe ngesikhathi sokumba, ukwakhiwa kwesikhala se-sheet pile cofferdam ngezisekelo zama-brij, kanye nokukhishwa kwegquma elijulile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinsiza eziphansi nezinsiza. Umumo wepipethi yokukhishwa kufanele ubheke amazinga endaweni, amaphuzu okukhishwa atholakalayo, imithetho yezemvelo elawula ikhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona emapulazini aseduze. Emhlabeni obunjiwe noma ocabhele, ukunciphisa ngokweqile ngaphandle kokuphatha kahle kokukhishwa kungaholela ekubumbeni komhlaba noma ekwehliseni ama-piping. Ngokuphambene, ezindaweni ezibandayo eziphathelene neziqukathi ezisemaphakathini, izinhlelo zokukhishwa kamehlo zivikela ukwehla okuhle kwepali yokuphila ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo eziyinqaba zokufaka imishini yokufaka izinsika nokulungiselela umhlaba. Ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa okufanele nokufakwa kwemigudu yokukhishwa kusebenza kahle, kuqinisekisa ukususa amanzi ngokushesha futhi kahle endaweni yokukhipha amanzi, kugcina ukuzinza kanye nokuphuma okuhle komhlaba ngesikhathi sezigaba zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Ukuhlaziywa kwesistimu kufaka phakathi ukukala okuphindaphindayo kwezinga lokugeleza, ukuhlolwa kokwakha kwepipethi, nokuphathwa kwama-sediment ukuvimbela ukuvimbela. Ukuphathwa kwepipethi yokukhishwa okuhle kuhlanganisa kahle nezinsizakusebenza, ukuphathwa kwemali, nezimo zokuphepha eziphumelelayo emikhiqizweni yokwakha eyehluka ehlanganisa izinsika ezijulile, izindandatho, noma ukusebenza okumbalwa phezulu kwetafula lamanzi lapho ukuzinza komhlaba kubalulekile.