Tunnel jet grouting bụ teknụzụ nkwụsị ala na consolidation pụrụ iche a na-eji na injinịa n'okpuru ala iji melite njirimara igwe nke ala na nkume gbara gburugburu ihe owuwu tunnel. N'ime injinịa mgbọrọgwụ omimi na owuwu n'okpuru ala, tunnel jet grouting bụ usoro mmezi na nchebe dị mkpa maka ijikwa ọnọdụ ala, ịchịkwa ntughari, na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na gburugburu geology siri ike. Teknụzụ a na-eji ụkpụrụ jet grouting—na-eji mmiri na-emepụta nrụgide dị elu iji mebie, wepụ, na homogenize ala na grout a na-etinye—n'ozuzu maka ngwa ndị metụtara tunnel gụnyere pre-grouting tupu ihu tunnel, post-grouting n'azụ mgbidi mgbe niile na nke oge, nkwụsị na mpaghara ndị nwere ike ịda, na nkwụsị ala buru ibu n'ógbè nke nchịkọta tunnel. Tunnel jet grouting na-eji na ọnọdụ owuwu n'okpuru ala dị iche iche: ọrụ pre-grouting iji kwụsị ala na-adịghị ike na belata mmiri na-abanye mgbe a na-agba ọsọ site na ihe na-ejide mmiri ma ọ bụ nkume na-adịghị mma; post-grouting iji jupụta oghere na ịkwado ala n'etiti mgbidi tunnel na ihe owuwu gbara ya gburugburu; ọgwụgwọ nke mpaghara mgbawa; mmezi nke ala nwere ike ịda mgbe a na-eme nchịkọta; na ngwa waterproofing gburugburu ihe owuwu tunnel. Usoro a dịkwa mkpa na owuwu metro na subway, tunnels ụgbọ oloko na ụzọ dị omimi, ọrụ tunneling hydroelectric, na nkwụsị ngwa ngwa nke ihe owuwu tunnel dị ugbu a na-egosi mmegharị, seepage, ma ọ bụ mmebi ihe. Usoro ọrụ na-agụnye ntinye nke grout slurry simenti ma ọ bụ polymer na oghere drill nke a na-etinye n'ụzọ ziri ezi na ọnụ ọgụgụ a tụrụ aro site na tunnel. High-pressure jets—n'ozuzu na-arụ ọrụ na 300 ruo 600 bar—na-eme ka ala gbara gburugburu ma ọ bụ nkume a na-emebi mgbe a na-etinye ya n'ime ogige ngwakọta kwụsiri ike. Erosion na ngwakọta a na-eme ka ngwá ọrụ drilling na-emegharị na wepụ, na-emepụta mpaghara ogige nke nwere ike shear ka mma na belata permeability. Usoro mmiri otu na-etinye grout naanị; nhazi mmiri abụọ na-eji ikuku na-emepụta nrụgide ma ọ bụ gas na-adịghị mma iji melite arụmọrụ ngwakọta na ọkwa ntinye; usoro mmiri atọ na-ejikọta ntinye mmiri na-emepụta nrụgide dị elu, soro ya na ikuku na-emepụta nrụgide na grout, na-enweta ọgwụgwọ ala kachasị mma na strata siri ike. Nhazi ngwá ọrụ na-egosi ihe achọrọ ngwa: ngwá ọrụ kwụsiri ike na-enye ọnọdụ ziri ezi maka pre-grouting n' gburugburu ihu tunnel; ngwá ọrụ na-agba ọsọ na-enye ohere maka post-grouting na ogologo tunnels; usoro akpa na-arụ ọrụ na nyocha nrụgide na mmiri na-eme ka a hụ na ịdị mma na njikwa. Nkọwa teknụzụ bụ isi gụnyere nrụgide kachasị elu (n'ozuzu 400–600 bar), ọnụego mmiri (50–400 l/min dabere na usoro), ọkwa drilling (ruo 20–30 mita maka ngwa tunnel), na ịrịba ama ngwá ọrụ—ihe dị mkpa maka oghere ndị na-adịghị mma na diameter tunnel na-agbanwe. Nhọrọ nke ihe ndị a na-adabere na ọnọdụ geology (ụdị ala, ịdị arọ, permeability, ọnọdụ mmiri ala), ọkwa grouting na diameter ogige, ohere ọrụ dị na profaịlụ tunnel, nrụgide ndị a na-emepụta site na usoro nkwado dị ugbu a, nkọwa ihe grout (bentonite suspensions, ngwakọta simenti, ma ọ bụ colloidal silica), na usoro oge a na-emepụta site na mmepe nchịkọta. Ngwá ọrụ ga-enye njikwa ziri ezi nke geometries ogige iji gbochie mmebi na mgbidi ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị n'akụkụ. Ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere DIN 4093 (Jet Grouting), EN 12715 (Grouting nke Ala na Nkume), na ụkpụrụ iwu ụlọ mba dị mkpa na-emepụta nkọwa arụmọrụ kacha nta, ihe achọrọ, na usoro nyocha. Nyocha ịdị mma site na nyocha in-situ na nyocha ụlọ ọrụ nke samples a nwetara na-enyere aka hụ na a na-emezu nkọwa a tụrụ aro.
Ngwá ọrụ Jet Grouting Tunnel Ngwá ọrụ jet grouting tunnel bụ usoro ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche nke a haziri iji mee ka ọrụ itinye jet grouting na nrụgide dị elu na gburugburu ala, karịsịa maka nrụpụta tunnels, nkwado excavations, na nkwado ala na oghere ala na-erughị ala. Usoro ndị a na-etinye grout na-emepụta nrụgide site na nozzles ziri ezi n'ime ala na nkume, na-emebi ma na-eme ka ihe dị na ya na njikọ cementitious iji mepụta kolọm ala a na-emepụta na ike nkwado ka mma, ịbelata permeability, na njikọ mechanical. Na injinịa ntọala miri emi, ngwá ọrụ jet grouting tunnel na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mmezi ala tupu nrụpụta, nkwado post-excavation, na ịmepụta mkpuchi cut-off iji chịkwaa mmiri ala na-agba site na strata na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ permeable. Ngwá ọrụ jet grouting tunnel na-arụ ọrụ na ngwa ala dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a na-eji bụ jet grouting maka nkwado ihu tunnel na injections pilot, ịmepụta kolọm jet grouting kwụ ọtọ na kwụ ọtọ iji kwado mgbidi tunnel ma gbochie ịda oghere, itinye mkpuchi na-adịghị permeable gburugburu excavations ala, imezi nkume na-adịghị mma na gburugburu akụkụ tunnel, na mgbidi permeability na mpaghara karst. Ngwá ọrụ ndị a dị mkpa na tunneling obodo ebe a ga-ebelata vibration na mkpọtụ, na na ala saturated ebe usoro mgbidi diaphragm ọdịnala na-eweta nsogbu logistics. Ngwaọrụ na-agbasa na grouting consolidation n'okpuru ihe ndị dị na elu mgbe tunnel na-aga n'ihu na ike ala tupu ọrụ tunneling shield. Usoro ọrụ na-adabere na usoro itinye nrụgide dị elu, nke na-ejikarị piston ma ọ bụ centrifugal pump nwere ike ịpụta nrụgide 350–800 bar, na-enye grout site na mast drilling telescoping na monitor na-agba na otu, abụọ, ma ọ bụ atọ nozzles itinye. Mast drilling na-ejide nozzle array na njikọ spatial ziri ezi n'ime tunnel, na ikike ịgbanwe nke monitor na-enye ohere maka ntụziaka nozzle kwụ ọtọ na kwụ ọtọ iji mepụta usoro kolọm. Ka mast na-apụ apụ, jet na-agba ọsọ (na-adịkarị 200+ m/s na nozzle exit) na-emebi ala na nkume gburugburu ebe na-emepụta ya na slurry grout, na-eduga na kolọm ala-cement a na-emepụta. Nrụgide na ọnụego wepụ na-achịkwa nha kolọm, nke na-adịkarị 0.8–2.5 m dabere na ụdị ala na nhazi nozzle. Ngwaọrụ nhazi na-adị iche iche site na ọnọdụ ntinye. Usoro nozzle otu na-enye njikwa ziri ezi maka ọgwụgwọ a tụrụ anya; nhazi nozzle abụọ na atọ na-eme ka ịmepụta kolọm na-eme ngwa ngwa ma belata oge ọrụ. Masts drilling na-adịkarị na sistemụ na-ebugharị ma ọ bụ wheeled iji kwado ịnyagharịa n'ime akụkụ tunnel, ebe ntinye kwụ ọtọ na-eji ebe a chọrọ ka a nweta ugboro ugboro na mpaghara ọgwụgwọ. Ngwá ọrụ compact pụrụ iche na-emepụta maka tunnels nwere ala dị ala; usoro modular na-enye ohere maka ịkpụ na ịmepụta na chambers launch na-erughị ala. Ngwá ọrụ mixing grout bụ akụkụ dị mkpa, na-ejikarị mixers colloidal ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ high-shear iji nweta slurry homogeneous na retention nke aggregates nta na viscosity kwesịrị ekwesị maka penetration jet n'okpuru ala. Nhọrọ maka ngwá ọrụ jet grouting tunnel na-elekwasị anya na nrụgide ọrụ kachasị, nha nozzle kachasị nta, miri emi drilling na iru n'ime geometry tunnel, ntụkwasị obi na ịlaghachi nke monitor, consistency nke nkwado grout, na adaptability na gburugburu ebe a na-erughị ala. Ọtụtụ akụrụngwa—gụnyere njikwa kọmputa na-eme ka mast na-ejide, njikwa ọsọ wepụ, na monitoring nrụgide—na-abawanye na ụkpụrụ, na-enye ohere maka geometry kolọm ziri ezi na ndekọ nke mmezu ọgwụgwọ. Nkwenye ngwá ọrụ n'okpuru usoro ọrụ ogologo oge na ikike ịkwụsị mberede bụ ihe dị mkpa na gburugburu tunnel na-arụ ọrụ. Ụkpụrụ ndị metụtara gụnyere EN 12715 (nrụpụta ọrụ geotechnical pụrụ iche: grouting), EN ISO 13286 (ihe na-adịghị ejikọ na ihe na-ejikọta hydraulic—Part 3: jet grouting), na DIN 4093 (jet grouting), nke na-akọwa ihe a chọrọ, njikọ ihe, na usoro njikwa àgwà. Nrụpụta ala pụrụ iche na tunnel na-achịkwa site na EN 14679 (nrụpụta jet grouting miri emi) na ụkpụrụ ụlọ na iwu mmanụ nke mba dị mkpa.
N'okpuru injection nke ndoro ndoro na-akpaghara na systems ndoro na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara na-akpaghara. A na-eme ka ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro. A na-eme ka ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro. A na-eme ka ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro. A na-eme ka ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro ndoro.
Ngwaọrụ Nlekota Nchekwa Tunneli bụ sistemụ ngwá ọrụ na usoro nyocha pụrụ iche nke a na-emepụta iji soro arụmọrụ na ịdị mma nke ogige jet grouting, mgbidi ala, na akwa nke na-egbochi mmiri n'oge owuwu tunneli na ọrụ nkwụsị ala. N'ọrụ injinia ntọala miri emi, ngwaọrụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa site n'ịnye data n'oge a na-eme ihe gbasara arụmọrụ grouting, nkesa ihe, nzaghachi ala, na omume ihe owuwu n'oge usoro jet grouting na n'oge usoro nkwụsị tunneli na-esote. Ha na-enye ndị na-arụ ọrụ ohere iji jide n'aka na a na-emezu ihe ndị a na-eme atụmatụ, chọpụta ihe na-adịghị mma n'oge a na-eme ihe, ma mee ndozi tupu mmebi ihe owuwu ma ọ bụ mmegharị ala na-adịghị mma emee. Ngwaọrụ nlekota nke tunneli a na-eji na ọtụtụ usoro nkwụsị ala gụnyere ogige jet grouting maka ihu na mgbidi tunneli, akwa na-egbochi mmiri maka njikwa mmiri ala gburugburu ebe tunneli, ọrụ jetting mgbidi diaphragm, ịmepụta pile secant na tangent, na usoro ngwakọta ala maka ọnụ ụzọ tunneli na owuwu oghere. Ha dị mkpa karị na ọrụ tunneli obodo ebe njikwa nkwụsị dị mkpa, na strata nwere mmiri ebe ogo grouting na-emetụta njikwa mmiri ala, na mpaghara ebe ihe owuwu dị n'akụkụ na-etinye oke nrụgide na mmegharị. Usoro ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ịmepụta ma ọ bụ ịtụgharị oge niile nke ihe ndị bụ isi n'oge na mgbe ọrụ jetting gasịrị. Ngwá ọrụ nrụgide na ndị na-enyocha mmiri na-enyocha ọnụego ntinye ihe grouting, nrụgide, na olu iji hụ na nkesa na-adịgide adịgide ma chọpụta ihe na-egbochi ma ọ bụ mmejọ ngwá ọrụ. Inclinometers na ndị na-enyocha nkwụsị na-enyocha mmegharị ala na ihe owuwu iji chọpụta nkwụsị na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mmegharị lateral. Piezometers na-enyocha nzaghachi nrụgide pore na mgbanwe ọkwa mmiri ala n'ime na gburugburu ebe a na-emepụta. Ngwaọrụ na-enyocha ọdịnaya mmiri na usoro nyocha ịdị arọ na-enyocha na ihe grouting na-enweta ike na njirimara permeability a tụrụ aro. Usoro nlekota akustik na usoro nyocha anya (foto boreholes) na-enyocha ogo ogige ma chọpụta oghere ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma na ngwugwu a na-emepụta. Ngwaọrụ dị mkpa na nke a gụnyere ngwaọrụ ndekọ nrụgide nke na-adọrọ adọrọ na ngwá ọrụ jetting, netwọk nchịkọta data ọtụtụ paramita na-enweghị eriri nke jikọtara nrụgide, mmiri, mmegharị, na ndị na-enyocha nrụgide pore, usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị akpaaka nke na-eme ka ọkwa na-atụgharị mgbe a na-eme ihe karịrị ihe a tụrụ aro, na nyiwe ndekọ data jikọtara nke na-enye ohere n'oge a na-eme ihe maka njikwa ọrụ n'ebe dị anya. Ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche gụnyere transducers nrụgide dị iche iche maka nlekota ịdị mma ogige grouting, piezometers vibrating wire maka nyocha mmiri ala ogologo oge, na usoro GNSS kinematic n'oge (RTK) maka ịmepụta nkwụsị atọ dị mma. Nhọrọ nke ngwaọrụ nlekota nke tunneli gụnyere mgbagwoju anya nke profaịlụ geotechnical na ogo nke ala dị iche iche, nso nke ihe owuwu dị mkpa na ihe a chọrọ maka nkwụsị, ụdị ihe grouting na nrụgide ntinye, ịdị miri emi nke tunneli na usoro mmiri ala, ogologo oge ọrụ na mkpa maka nlekota ogologo oge, ihe achọrọ maka nnyefe data (n'oge vs. oge), na njikọ na usoro njikwa jetting akpaaka. Ihe ndị na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi dịka ọnọdụ saturation, mgbanwe okpomọkụ, na nkwado kemịkal nke ndị na-enyocha na ihe grouting ga-enwerịrịkwa ka a tụlee. Ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa na-achịkwa nlekota gụnyere EN 1538 (Mgbidi Diaphragm), EN 14199 (Micropiles), DIN 4125 (Grouting), ISO 6892-1 (Nnwale Mechanical), na API RP 65 (Nlekota na Iji Casing na Tubing). Usoro nlekota kwesịrị ịkwado na akụkọ ntọala geotechnical na tebụl nzaghachi omume nke ihe a tụrụ aro maka nkwụsị (TART), na-eme ka nlekota usoro a na-eme ka usoro owuwu na-adabere na mgbanwe na-eme n'oge a na-eme ihe n'oge nkwụsị.
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