Jet grouting nke mmiri otu bụ usoro mmezi ala na nkwụsị nke a na-eji mmiri otu na-emepụta—n'ozuzu, grout nke sitere na cement ma ọ bụ slurry cementitious—na-etinye ozugbo n'ime ala ma ọ bụ nkume site na nozzle nke a na-emezigharị. Na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ezinụlọ jet grouting nke teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ ala, usoro mmiri otu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na injinia ntọala miri emi, karịsịa na ngwa ndị chọrọ nkwụsị ala na-achịkwa, igbochi mmiri ala, na imezi nkwado ntọala. N'adịghị ka usoro mmiri abụọ nke na-eji itinye grout na mmiri n'otu oge, jet grouting nke mmiri otu na-ejikọta ihe na-ejikọta na medium carrier n'ime ngwakọta homogenized tupu nrụgide, na-enye mfe ọrụ na akụ na ụba maka ọrụ nkwụsị na obere ogo na mpaghara mmezi ziri ezi. Jet grouting nke mmiri otu na-ejikarị na nrụpụta na nkwụsị nke panel mgbidi diaphragm, ebe ọ na-ejikwa ala squeeze-in na ndozi panel; na imepụta mkpuchi igbochi mgbe niile maka njide mmiri ala na njikwa seepage; na na ụlọ ọrụ Ụgbọ mmiri sekant na mgbidi ụkwụ jikọrọ, ebe jet grouting na-eme ka ala dị n'etiti ụkwụ ma ọ bụ na-emezi mpaghara nkwụsị dị nro. Ngwa ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọgwụgwọ nke strata dị nro nke na-adọba ntọala shallow, ngwakọta ala maka imezi ikike ibu gburugburu ụkwụ, na nkwụsị na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na gburugburu obodo dị nro ebe vibration na ụda na-ewepụ ụzọ nrụpụta ọdịnala. Na ọrụ tunneling na ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ala, usoro mmiri otu na-enye ọgwụgwọ ala n'ógbè n'ihu ihu excavation iji melite ịdị mma na belata mmiri na-abanye. Usoro ọrụ ahụ na-agụnye itinye jet streams nrụgide dị elu (na-adịkarị 20–60 MPa) site na nozzle otu nke a na-etinye na ịdị elu ọgwụgwọ. Ka jet ahụ na-abanye na usoro ala, ọ na-emepụta na ịkpụzi ihe ndị dị na ya na-etinye grout cement. A na-ejikọta mkpụrụ ala ndị a kpụchara na grout a na-etinye na mpaghara ọgwụgwọ, na-emepụta ngwakọta ala-cement ma ọ bụ "soilcrete." Ịtụgharị na ịdebe nozzle jet na-emepụta ụkwụ cylindrical na-emepụta ma ọ bụ usoro mkpuchi na-adịkarị n'etiti 0.4–0.8 mita kwa pas, dabere na njikọ ala, nrụgide jet, na oge ịkpụ. Nhazi ngwá ọrụ na-agbanwe site na ngwá ọrụ jet grouting nke a na-ebupụta na igwe drilling ọkọlọtọ ruo na usoro jikọtara ọnụ nke na-ejikọta pumps nrụgide dị elu, mixers grout, na ngwakọta hose siri ike ma ọ bụ nke na-agbanwe. Nhazi nozzle na-agbanwe iji kwekọọ na ihe achọrọ ọrụ: nozzles nke nwere oghere otu maka jets ziri ezi, nhazi multi-opening maka ịkpụzi na ọgwụgwọ n'otu oge, na nhazi orifice na-agbanwe maka nrụgide optimization n'ala dị iche iche. Nhọrọ gụnyere ụdị ala na njikọ (jet grouting na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ala granular na ala nwere njikọ dị nro), mkpa ịdị elu ọgwụgwọ, geometry nke mpaghara ọgwụgwọ, nso na ihe ndị dị ugbu a, ọnọdụ mmiri ala, na ihe ndị na-emepụta. Ndị injinia na-enyocha ebumnuche nke belata permeability kwụ ọtọ na nke kwụ ọtọ, imezi ikike ibu, na ịdị mma nke diameter ụkwụ a na-emepụta. Ọrụ jet grouting nke mmiri otu na-adịkarị na EN 14199 (Nrụpụta ọrụ geotechnical pụrụ iche—Jet grouting), ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ German (DBV, DIN 1054), na ntụziaka teknụzụ pụrụ iche dabere na data nyocha geotechnical na ihe achọrọ nhazi. Nlekota àgwà na-agụnye nlekota nrụgide, ndekọ volume grout, na nyocha nkwado mgbe emechara dịka Nnyocha Penetration Standard ma ọ bụ nlekota pressuremeter n'ala.
Ngwá ọrụ jet grouting nke etinyere na crawler bụ ụdị ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche n'ime usoro jet grouting mmiri otu, nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ na-enye injection grout na nrụgide dị elu site na boreholes a na-achịkwa site na monitor maka nkwụsị ala na ngwa ọrụ nchekwa na injinịa ntọala miri emi. Ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-ejikọta ịkwaga, nkwụsi ike, na izi ezi iji rụọ ọrụ jet grouting a na-achịkwa n'ala siri ike ebe ngwá ọrụ a na-etinye na ụgbọ ala adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Na omume ntọala miri emi, a na-eji ngwá ọrụ jet grouting crawler eme ihe iji mepụta na ịkwado mgbidi mgbochi, ịmechi nkume mgbawa, na imeziwanye àgwà ala tupu piling ma ọ bụ ọrụ excavation. Ihe ndị a na-eji bụ ịmepụta mgbidi diaphragm na curtains cut-off maka njikwa mmiri ala na nrụpụta dam na ọrụ mmanụ, ịmepụta mgbidi secant ma ọ bụ nke na-ejikọta site na boring na-enyere jet na displacement ala, na-akwado slopes dị nso na ebe excavation, na-eme ka ọrụ ngwakọta ala na-emepụta matrices ala-cement, na imepụta ọrụ post-grouting iji mechi oghere na oghere na nkwụsị pile emechara. Ngwá ọrụ crawler bụ ihe dị mkpa na ebe a na-enyere aka na ala na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma ebe ịkwaga na-enye nrụgide ala dị ala na nkwụsi ike ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere nhọrọ wheeled. Usoro ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ịkwaga grout site na usoro injection a na-achịkwa iji mepụta jet nke na-ejikọta n'ahịrị perpendicular na axis borehole. Ka monitor na-atụgharị, jet na-atụgharị na-emebi ma na-ewepụ ihe ala, na-emepụta kọlụm grouted cylindrical. Grout—nke a na-ejikarị cement suspensions nwere àgwà rheological a na-achịkwa—na-ejupụta oghere a na-ewepụ, na-emepụta njikọ mechanical na ala gbara ya gburugburu. Nkọwa ngwá ọrụ chọrọ njikwa nke nrụgide jet (nke a na-ejikarị 250–450 bar maka ala cohesive, 350–600 bar maka ihe ndị na-emepụta granular), viscosity grout, na ọnụego injection iji nweta diameter na ike kọlụm a tụrụ aro. Ọsọ iwepụ site na ịdị elu injection na-achịkwa geometry ikpeazụ nke kọlụm na usoro overlap n'etiti kọlụm ndị dị n'akụkụ. Nhazi ọkọlọtọ gụnyere ngwá ọrụ crawler nke nwere monitor otu na usoro nrụgide kwụsie ike ma ọ bụ nke nwere mgbanwe, usoro dual-monitor maka nrụpụta mgbidi ala buru ibu, na usoro jikọtara jet grouting na mmepe casing maka ịkwado displacement ala ka mma na usoro na-adịghị ike. Ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche na obosara track, ike injin (nke a na-ejikarị 50–150 kW hydraulic drive), ịdị elu ọrụ kacha elu (10–50 m), na ikike pump grout (100–300 L/min). Kriteria ịhọrọ na-ejikọta mkpa nke ọrụ: ịdị elu na ogologo mgbidi, nkewa ala na ike compressive na-enweghị njedebe, ọnọdụ mmiri ala, mkpa diameter na geometry overlap nke kọlụm, ohere ebe na ikike ibu ala, na ihe mgbochi oge. Njikọ ibu track na-abụ ihe dị mkpa na ọnọdụ clay saturated ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma. Nhọrọ n'etiti monitors otu na ọtụtụ na-adabere na spacing kọlụm imewe na mkpa mmepụta. Iwu jet grouting na-achịkwa site na EN 12716 (Ime nke ọrụ geotechnical pụrụ iche—Jet grouting), EN 14199 (Micropiles), na ISO 21477 (Nkọwa na nkewa nke usoro spatial). Ikwesịrị ịkwado ngwá ọrụ na PED 2014/68/EU (Nkwupụta Ngwá Ọrụ Nrụgide) na ụkpụrụ ATEX iji hụ na arụmọrụ nchekwa nke usoro nrụgide.
Mpụpụtara jet grouting na-akwado na ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro
Ngwaọrụ injection-mixing bụ isi ọrụ nke usoro jet grouting nke mmiri otu, na-ejikọta ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na nke mmiri n'ime ngwakọta grout dị iche iche maka nnyefe n'ime ala n'okpuru nrụgide dị elu. Usoro ndị a bụ ihe dị mkpa na injinịa ntọala miri emi, na-enye ohere maka ọgwụgwọ ala nke a na-achịkwa site na ntinye nke ihe njikọ dabere na simenti ma ọ bụ kemịkal nke na-emeziwanye njirimara ala ma na-emepụta ihe mgbochi maka mmiri na-efepụ. Ụdị ngwaọrụ a na-ejikọta usoro niile nke ijikwa mmiri—site na ngwakọta ihe mbụ ruo na nnyefe nke nrụgide—na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbanahụ maka ọrụ ndị chọrọ ịkwado ala, iwulite ihe mgbochi, ọgwụgwọ mgbidi diaphragm, itinye ụkwụ secant, na ọrụ ngwakọta ala ebe ọnọdụ ala na-achọ ịtọ ihe na arụmọrụ nke ọma. Ngwaọrụ injection-mixing na-arụ ọrụ n'ogologo spectrum nke ngwa geotechnical ebe a na-achọ imezi ala ma ọ bụ igbochi. Usoro jet grouting nke mmiri otu na-eji ngwaọrụ injection-mixing mee ka ọ bụrụ ụkwụ simenti nke ala nke nwere diamita dị iche iche, nke na-adịkarị n'etiti 0.6 na 2.5 mita, site na ntinye nke grout jets na-agba ọsọ nke na-efepụ ma na-emeghachi ala ndị a na-emekarị. Ụkwụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akwado, ihe mgbochi mmiri, ma ọ bụ ihe na-akwado na iwulite mgbidi mgbochi n'okpuru ọdọ mmiri na ihe mgbochi. Na ngwa mgbidi diaphragm na ụkwụ secant, ngwaọrụ injection-mixing na-enye ihe ndị na-eme ka ọnọdụ na grout slurry nke na-adịghị abanye nke ọma iji kwado ihe nkwado excavation. Ngwaọrụ ahụ na-enyekwa ohere maka ngwakọta ala na mmegharị na ebe ndị a na-achịkwa ebe ngwakọta igwe ọdịnala na-enye nsogbu ma ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ. Usoro ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ injection-mixing na-ejikọta ntinye nke portland simenti na mmiri n'ime ụlọ ngwakọta ebe mgbasa ozi na-agba ọsọ na mgbasa ozi na-eme ka homogenization zuru oke tupu nnyefe na centrifugal ma ọ bụ pumps na-emegharị. Ngwaọrụ rotary ma ọ bụ colloidal na-emepụta shear zuru ezu iji gbasaa agglomerates simenti, mepụta ngwakọta nke ọma, ma na-maintain njirimara rheological dị mma site na ahịrị nnyefe. Usoro mgbasa ozi na bypass na-echebe megide igbochi ahịrị ma na-eme ka mmepụta dịrị n'otu n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ mgbochi ala dị iche iche. Usoro ịtụgharị na njikwa mmiri—na-emekarị bụ electromagnetic ma ọ bụ turbine meters—na-enye ohere maka mgbanwe n'oge a na-emegharị nke ngwakọta grout na ọnụego ngwa, nke dị mkpa iji nweta diamita ụkwụ a tụrụ aro na mmepe ike. Ngwaọrụ nhazi na-agbanwe site na units skid-mounted nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịnweta saịtị na-adịghị mma ruo na usoro ndị na-ebu ụgbọ ala buru ibu na-enye ohere maka mmegharị n'ogologo mpaghara ọrụ. Usoro a na-emekarị na-eji mixers batch nke 100 ruo 400-litre, pumps centrifugal ma ọ bụ screw nke nwere nrụgide ọrụ nke 30 ruo 80 MPa, ngwakọta manifold nwere gauges nrụgide na valves mgbapụ, na hoses nnyefe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-akwụsịrị na nozzles na-enyocha jet grouting. Ngwaọrụ nozzle otu na-enye ohere maka jet grouting ọkọlọtọ, ebe ngwakọta nozzle ma ọ bụ ngwakọta ngwá ọrụ na-akwado ọrụ na-elekwasị anya na efepụ nke chọrọ ike dị elu ma ọ bụ mmepụta ụkwụ sara mbara. Nhọrọ nke ihe ndị a na-atụle na-achọsi ike na mkpa nke ngwakọta grout, nrụgide ịwụnye nke a na-enweta maka ọnọdụ ala a tụrụ aro, nkwado ihe na ụdị simenti na admixtures, footprint nke ngwaọrụ na-adabere na ihe mgbochi saịtị, na ntụkwasị obi nke nrụgide n'elu ọrụ ogologo oge. Njikwa viscosity—na-ejide fluidity slurry n'elu mgbanwe okpomọkụ—na-emetụta arụmọrụ pump na arụmọrụ nozzle. Ikwesịrị ịdị na EN 1504 (Ngwa na usoro maka nchebe na ndozi nke ihe owuwu simenti) na ISO 14679 (Usoro na ngwaọrụ maka ịtụgharị viscosity, oge mgbasa nke suspensions) na-eme ka a hụ na mma. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ngwaọrụ ga-enwe asambodo dịka usoro EN 14679 iji hụ na njikwa paramita kwesịrị ekwesị na ndekọ nke mmepụta ụkwụ maka nkwenye ihe owuwu na ebumnuche nkwado.
Mpụpụtara data logging na-akwado nke ọtụtụ nke ọtụtụ na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro ndoro na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ndoro
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