Ngwá ọrụ Jet Grouting maka tunneling

Jet grouting tunneling na-anọchite anya usoro nkwụsị ala na nhazi ala pụrụ iche nke a na-eji na owuwu ala, karịsịa na gburugburu ebe a na-ejide ebe usoro ntọala miri emi ma ọ bụ ụzọ na-ekpuchi na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma na akụ na ụba. Ụdị ngwá ọrụ a na-ejikarị bụ igwe na usoro pụrụ iche nke a na-emepụta iji rụọ ọrụ jet grouting na nrụgide dị elu n'ọrụ nkwụsị tunneli, ebe ọgwụgwọ ala ziri ezi dị mkpa iji chekwaa ịdị mma ihu, jikwaa nkwụsị, na melite njirimara ala n'ihu ma ọ bụ n'oge mmegharị tunneli. Usoro ọrụ nke jet grouting tunneling gụnyere ntinye nke slurry nke dabere na ciment ma ọ bụ kemịkal na nrụgide dị elu—na-adịkarị 300 ruo 700 bar—site na nlekota jet ma ọ bụ ngwa nlekota nke a na-etinye na igwe mgb drilling. Ụgbọ mmiri jet na-agba ọsọ na-egosi na ọ na-apụ apụ na ọsọ ọsọ na-adịkarị karịa 200 m/s, na-egbutu ma na-ejikọta ala gbara ya gburugburu, na-ewepụ ihe na na-ewepụ grouting n'ime oghere. Usoro a na-emepụta ogige ma ọ bụ netwọk nke ihe ala a na-emepụta nke na-eme ka njikọ dịkwuo elu, na-ebelata permeability, na na-eme ka ihu tunneli kwụsie ike. Ngwaọrụ gụnyere pre-grouting n'ihu ihu igwe na-emepụta tunneli (TBM) na ụdị ala na-adịghị ike, post-grouting iji jikwaa nkwụsị ala na mechie oghere n'azụ mgbidi akụkụ, na ọgwụgwọ nke mpaghara ndị metụtara site na mmebi, ịbanye mmiri, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị geologic na-adịghị atụ anya. Ngwaọrụ a na-ejikarị bụ igwe mgb drilling nke nwere usoro mast pụrụ iche nke nwere ike ịchịkwa jetting na nke ziri ezi, ụlọ ọrụ grouting na nrụgide dị elu nwere pumps centrifugal nke a na-atụ aro maka ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na 500–700 bar, usoro nhicha na ngwakọta, usoro mbupu slurry, na ngwa nlekota jet nwere ọtụtụ nozzles (nhazi jet otu, abụọ, ma ọ bụ atọ). Usoro tripod ma ọ bụ na-apụ apụ na-enye njikwa ọnọdụ ma na-enye ohere maka ịgbanwe ngwa ngwa n'ogbe tunneli. Usoro nhicha na itinye slurry bụ akụkụ dị mkpa, dịka jet grouting tunneling na-emepụta nnukwu olu nke mmiri na-ebu fines nke ga-ewepụ ma jikwaa dịka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi si dị. Nhọrọ nke ngwá ọrụ jet grouting tunneling dabere na ọtụtụ ihe gụnyere nhazi ala n'ala na njirimara ike, ọnọdụ mmiri ala, ịdị miri emi nke ihe na nrụgide, ogo ogige a chọrọ na oghere, ohere ọrụ dị, na oke nke ngwakọta grouting (slurry ciment vs. microfine ciment ma ọ bụ grouts kemịkal). Ngwa nlekota jet ga-enwerịrị ike ịchịkwa ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ na radial iji nweta ọnọdụ oghere kwesịrị ekwesị ma hụ na enwere nkwụsị zuru ezu n'etiti ogige grouted maka njikọ nke mpaghara ọgwụgwọ. Usoro jet grouting tunneli na-achịkwa site na ụkpụrụ Europe EN 14679 (Ime ihe pụrụ iche geotechnical—Jet grouting) na EN 12716 (Ime ihe pụrụ iche geotechnical—Grouting), yana nkọwa pụrụ iche nke ọrụ sitere na akụkọ nyocha geotechnical. Ngwaọrụ ga-egosi na ọ na-emezu ụkpụrụ usoro nrụgide ma nye akwụkwọ ikike edere maka ikike pump, akara nrụgide, na usoro nchekwa. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ chọrọ ịzụlite na njikwa nrụgide, rheology grouting, na nyocha ịdị mma ihu iji hụ na arụ ọrụ dị irè na nke nchekwa na gburugburu ala siri ike.