I-concrete esivela emixutshweni ilungiselelwe ngaphambili iyinhlanganisela ephumelelwe ngaphambili ye-cement, ama-aggregates (umbewu ne-gravel), amanzi, kanye nezithasiselo ezenzelwe ukukhiqizwa endaweni yokuphakela ephakathi bese ilethwa ezindaweni zomsebenzi isesimweni esisha. Le maphakathi idlula kokunye ukulawula kwekhwalithi kwefektri nesimiso sokulethwa endaweni, okwenza kube yisikhumbuzo semboni yeziqalo ezijulile nokusebenzisa kwezobuchwepheshe lapho amandla, ukusebenza, nokusebenza kuyinto ebalulekile ebumbene nezakhiwo nokuhambisana nezikhathi zomsebenzi. Ekuhlinzekeni izisekelo ezijulile, i-concrete esivela emixutshweni inikeza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Isetshenziswa njengezinto eziyinhloko zokwakha ama-pile adonswa endaweni kanye ne-caisons, lapho izindlela ze-tremie concrete ziqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanele ngaphansi komswakama wamanzi ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa noma ukungcoliswa. Kwamawadi we-diaphragm namawadi e-slurry asetshenziswa ekuxhasweni kokumba, i-concrete esivela emixutshweni inikeza amandla ayimfuneko nezinga elingangeni manzi. Emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa umhlaba, ama-concrete mixes akhethekile asetshenziswa ekugcineni komhlabathi, jet grouting, kanye nezicelo ze-material with controlled low-strength (CLSM). Kwamawadi okugcina, womabili amateki we-gravity kanye ne-reinforced concrete adinga i-concrete esivela emixutshweni ukuze kufezwe imithwalo yokwakha nokuhlala isikhathi eside ezimweni ezinzima ze-subsurface. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-concrete esivela emixutshweni isetshenziswa kwimathirishi zeziqalo, i-compensation grouting, kanye nemisebenzi ye-underpinning lapho ukugcinwa kokufaka kwamanzi nokufakwa kweziyalezo kubalulekile. I-concrete esivela emixutshweni ilethwa emithumelengayo esebenza ngayo izinjini ezijikeleza okugcina i-concrete isesimweni esifanele ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ivumela ukuhanjiswa ezinsukwini ezingu-90 kuya kwezi-120 emuva kokuphakela. Endaweni, le maphakathi kumele ibekwe ezihlanzweni, ezintanjeni ze-tremie, noma ngqo kumafomu, ngokunakekela indlela yokufaka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlukaniswa nokufakwa komoya. Ukugcina kuncane—i-concrete esivela emixutshweni ayinakho ukugcina futhi kumele ifakwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika. Ukujikelezwa (ukwehla noma ukuhamba) kulungiswa umkhiqizi ukuze kuhambisane nezindlela zokufaka ezithile kanye nezimo zendawo. Izinga le-concrete lemisebenzi yokwakha izisekelo lilungiswa ukusuka ku-C20/C25 yokugcwala okungelona lwezakhiwo kanye nezicelo ze-CLSM kuya kwi-C40/C50 yokwakha ama-pile anomthwalo omuhle nezakhiwo ezingapheli. Ama-mixes aphezulu asebenzisa izinto eziqhubekayo (i-fly ash, i-silica fume, i-blast furnace slag) acacisiwe ezindaweni eziphikisanayo zephansi noma ezimweni zezinga eliphezulu lamanzi. Amafomulasi akhethekile afaka i-concrete self-consolidating (SCC) yamacago e-pile nasezindaweni ezivinjelwe, i-cements engamelana ne-sulfate ezindaweni zasolwandle noma ezikhaliphile, kanye ne-cement ephansi yokulawula i-mass concrete pour. Izinkinga zokukhetha zifaka phakathi ibanga laphakathi le-concrete (28-day compressive strength), uhlobo lwe-cement (i-ordinary Portland cement, sulfate-resistant, low-heat), ikhono lamanzi-cement ratio, izincazelo zokuhamba noma ukuhamba, izidingo zokufakwa komoya, kanye ne-classification yokutholakala. Ochwepheshe abaklanyayo kufanele bachaze i-concrete ukuze ihlale ihambisana ne-aggressiveness ye-subsurface (ukungena kwe-chloride, ukuhlasela kwe-sulfate, pH), i-chemistry yamanzi, kanye nemithwalo ezokwakha ezilindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphila kokwakhiwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-concrete esivela emixutshweni nokuhlolwa kuyahambisana ne-EN 206 (Iconcrete—Ukucaciswa, Ukusebenza, Ukukhiqizwa nokuqinisekiswa) eYurophu, i-ASTM C94 (Isikhumbuzo Esijwayelekile se-Concretesesivela emixutshweni) eNyakatho Melika, kanye ne-ISO 3148 (I-Concrete—Ukuhlola kwe-Slump) ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kufaka ukuhlolwa kwe-cube, izilinganiso zokwehla, kanye nemibhalo yokulandelela kusuka endaweni yokuhambisa. Kwezicelo eziyinqaba zokwakha, ukuhlolwa kwe-concrete okungafani kanye nokwaziswa kwezikhungo zangaphandle kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nekhodi kanti futhi kunciphisa umthelela wezinkinga zokwakha.
I-concrete esivela emixutshweni ilungiselelwe ngaphambili iyinhlanganisela ephumelelwe ngaphambili ye-cement, ama-aggregates (umbewu ne-gravel), amanzi, kanye nezithasiselo ezenzelwe ukukhiqizwa endaweni yokuphakela ephakathi bese ilethwa ezindaweni zomsebenzi isesimweni esisha. Le maphakathi idlula kokunye ukulawula kwekhwalithi kwefektri nesimiso sokulethwa endaweni, okwenza kube yisikhumbuzo semboni yeziqalo ezijulile nokusebenzisa kwezobuchwepheshe lapho amandla, ukusebenza, nokusebenza kuyinto ebalulekile ebumbene nezakhiwo nokuhambisana nezikhathi zomsebenzi. Ekuhlinzekeni izisekelo ezijulile, i-concrete esivela emixutshweni inikeza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Isetshenziswa njengezinto eziyinhloko zokwakha ama-pile adonswa endaweni kanye ne-caisons, lapho izindlela ze-tremie concrete ziqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanele ngaphansi komswakama wamanzi ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa noma ukungcoliswa. Kwamawadi we-diaphragm namawadi e-slurry asetshenziswa ekuxhasweni kokumba, i-concrete esivela emixutshweni inikeza amandla ayimfuneko nezinga elingangeni manzi. Emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa umhlaba, ama-concrete mixes akhethekile asetshenziswa ekugcineni komhlabathi, jet grouting, kanye nezicelo ze-material with controlled low-strength (CLSM). Kwamawadi okugcina, womabili amateki we-gravity kanye ne-reinforced concrete adinga i-concrete esivela emixutshweni ukuze kufezwe imithwalo yokwakha nokuhlala isikhathi eside ezimweni ezinzima ze-subsurface. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-concrete esivela emixutshweni isetshenziswa kwimathirishi zeziqalo, i-compensation grouting, kanye nemisebenzi ye-underpinning lapho ukugcinwa kokufaka kwamanzi nokufakwa kweziyalezo kubalulekile. I-concrete esivela emixutshweni ilethwa emithumelengayo esebenza ngayo izinjini ezijikeleza okugcina i-concrete isesimweni esifanele ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ivumela ukuhanjiswa ezinsukwini ezingu-90 kuya kwezi-120 emuva kokuphakela. Endaweni, le maphakathi kumele ibekwe ezihlanzweni, ezintanjeni ze-tremie, noma ngqo kumafomu, ngokunakekela indlela yokufaka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlukaniswa nokufakwa komoya. Ukugcina kuncane—i-concrete esivela emixutshweni ayinakho ukugcina futhi kumele ifakwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika. Ukujikelezwa (ukwehla noma ukuhamba) kulungiswa umkhiqizi ukuze kuhambisane nezindlela zokufaka ezithile kanye nezimo zendawo. Izinga le-concrete lemisebenzi yokwakha izisekelo lilungiswa ukusuka ku-C20/C25 yokugcwala okungelona lwezakhiwo kanye nezicelo ze-CLSM kuya kwi-C40/C50 yokwakha ama-pile anomthwalo omuhle nezakhiwo ezingapheli. Ama-mixes aphezulu asebenzisa izinto eziqhubekayo (i-fly ash, i-silica fume, i-blast furnace slag) acacisiwe ezindaweni eziphikisanayo zephansi noma ezimweni zezinga eliphezulu lamanzi. Amafomulasi akhethekile afaka i-concrete self-consolidating (SCC) yamacago e-pile nasezindaweni ezivinjelwe, i-cements engamelana ne-sulfate ezindaweni zasolwandle noma ezikhaliphile, kanye ne-cement ephansi yokulawula i-mass concrete pour. Izinkinga zokukhetha zifaka phakathi ibanga laphakathi le-concrete (28-day compressive strength), uhlobo lwe-cement (i-ordinary Portland cement, sulfate-resistant, low-heat), ikhono lamanzi-cement ratio, izincazelo zokuhamba noma ukuhamba, izidingo zokufakwa komoya, kanye ne-classification yokutholakala. Ochwepheshe abaklanyayo kufanele bachaze i-concrete ukuze ihlale ihambisana ne-aggressiveness ye-subsurface (ukungena kwe-chloride, ukuhlasela kwe-sulfate, pH), i-chemistry yamanzi, kanye nemithwalo ezokwakha ezilindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphila kokwakhiwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-concrete esivela emixutshweni nokuhlolwa kuyahambisana ne-EN 206 (Iconcrete—Ukucaciswa, Ukusebenza, Ukukhiqizwa nokuqinisekiswa) eYurophu, i-ASTM C94 (Isikhumbuzo Esijwayelekile se-Concretesesivela emixutshweni) eNyakatho Melika, kanye ne-ISO 3148 (I-Concrete—Ukuhlola kwe-Slump) ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kufaka ukuhlolwa kwe-cube, izilinganiso zokwehla, kanye nemibhalo yokulandelela kusuka endaweni yokuhambisa. Kwezicelo eziyinqaba zokwakha, ukuhlolwa kwe-concrete okungafani kanye nokwaziswa kwezikhungo zangaphandle kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nekhodi kanti futhi kunciphisa umthelela wezinkinga zokwakha.