Iphahla eliqinile le-concrete

Isigaba esiqinile sesikwele

Izikhungo eziqinile ezinezakhiwo ezikwenziweyo zikhona njengama-piles elayini elijoliwe, eziyizakhiwo eziphethe umthwalo ezinomqondo ojwayelekile wesigaba esijoliwe, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinzulu zezikhiye zokwakha, emisebenzini yeziqhingi, nasezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Uhlobo lwezikhungo eziqinile lunikeza ukumelana okufanayo nokuphuka ezindleleni ezimbili ezihambisanayo, okwenza la mapile afanelekile ukusekela izakhiwo lapho imithwalo ingasebenza kusuka kumakholoni amaningi. I-matrix ye-concrete ifakwe ngama-steel bars noma i-mesh, ibekwe kahle ukuvimbela umthelela wokudonsa nokwandisa ukuqinisa kwezakhiwo. Isigaba esihlangene siqinisekisa ukuphuma kwempahla okuqhubekayo phakathi kobukhulu bephayili, kuvumela aba-ondli ukuba balinganiswe amandla okuphila kanye nokuhamba ngokwethembeka okukhulu. La mapile akhiqizwa ngezinga leziqondiso eziqondile, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-300mm kuya ku-600mm ngasemuva, kuye ngezidingo zomsebenzi kanye nezincazelo zomthwalo. Ezimbonini zezimali ezijulile nasekuhloleni izakhiwo, ama-piles eziqinile zisebenza njengamathuba okudlulisa imithwalo eziyisisekelo kokubili kumakhaya amakhoko ezinqwaba nasemfuleni. Izinhlelo ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukusekela izakhiwo ezihlanganisa amaholo amaningi, izikhungo zezimboni, amaqhuqhuva, kanye nezinsiza zezimali emizileni engasasebenzi noma ephansi. La mapile asebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni lapho izimo zomhlaba zidinga ukutholakala ngaphansi kwendawo esebenzayo yokuhamba kwamanzi okujwayelekile noma lapho ukuvota ok deep kokuya ezindaweni ezizwakalayo kukhiqizela umphumela wezezimali. Uhlobo lwejiyomethri lunikeza ukuhumusha komthwalo olungamaqophelo ngenkathi lunikeza ukumelana okuphakeme kwemiklamo emiphakathi ngokusebenzisa indawo enkulu yokuhlanganyela. Ezindaweni zokuqala nakumahedi emfuleni, la mapile asebenza njengokwesekela izakhiwo zama-wharves, ama-jetties, kanye nezakhiwo ze-hydraulic, lapho umthwalo wezimo zemvelo nokwengeza ubuchwepheshe kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezingqondweni zokwakha. Ama-piles eziqinile akhiqizwa njengama-elemente akhiqizwayo ezimeni zokulawula efektri noma ahluzwe in-situ ngaphakathi kwamabhakede aqhamukayo esekelwe kumanzi anamanje. I-variant ye-precast ithunyelwa ezifundeni zezimali ngendlela yezimoto ezinkulu futhi ifakwa ngokusebenzisa ama-hydraulic pile drivers, ama-vibro-hammers, noma imishini yokusebenza, ivumela ukusakazeka okusheshayo kanye nekhwalithi eqinisekisiwe efektri. Ukuhamba endaweni edingekile kudinga ukufakwa okuqinisiwe ukuvimbela ukuphuka, futhi ukugcina okwethulwayo kufanele kube nezingozi ezinkulu zesisindo nobude bama-piles. Ngesikhathi sokufaka, ukuhlangana okuqinile nokubheka i-verticality kucina ngokuvimbela ukubhaliswa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokulayisha ezihlongozwayo zisebenza kahle. Imigudu yokufaka iyahluka kuye ngezimo zomhlaba, izithiyo zomsindo, kanye nezidingo zezinhlelo zokwakha. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile zokufaka izakhiwo ezijwayelekile, izinga le-concrete eliphezulu (kuze kube ku-C60) yezingozi ezinzima zezimboni, kanye nemix eyengeziwe enemidi yokuvikela izimo zemvelo eziphikisayo. Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwezihlanganisi kanye namandla okucindezela kuvumela ukucacisa okuqondile kwezigigaba ezihlukile ze-geotechnical nezimo zomthwalo. Aba-ondli bakhetha ama-piles eziqinile ngokusekelwe kuzidingo zokuphila, ezivunyelwe zokuhamba, ukumelana nezinduku, amakhosombe okufaka ahambisanayo, kanye nezithiyo zokufinyelela endaweni. Idatha yokuhlola umthwalo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola umhlaba eqinisekile iyasiza ekukhetheni ubukhulu bama-piles, ubuningi bokufakwa, kanye nezincazelo zamandla e-concrete. Iziqinisekiso zokuvikela izinkinga—ukuhlola i-epoxy, izinhlelo ze-cathodic, kanye nekhava ye-concrete yokuvikela—kubekwa ngokuthobela ukuhweba kwendawo kanye nezidingo zokuphila komsebenzi. Ukuklama nokufaka kuhambelana ne-EN 1536 (ukwenza umsebenzi we-geotechnical okhethekile), EN 12794 (ama-piles akhiqizwe), ISO 14688 (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-geotechnical), kanye ne-ASTM D1143 (izindinganiso zokuhlola umthwalo wemiphakathi). Kunezinguquko zendawo; imisebenzi yaseYurophu ivame ukuxhumanisa namakhodi e-EN, kanti i-ASTM kanye ne-API RP2A kulawula izincwadi zeNorth America nasemanzini aphansi.