Amathayili Okulawula Ukuhlakazeka

Izigaba zokulawula ukukhukhula zimele isixazululo esibalulekile sokuphucula i-geosynthetic phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuzinza komhlaba, eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukulahleka komhlabathi, ukuvuselela ubuphakanyiswa, nokuvikela izinto ezisemqoka phansi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezinhlaka ezijulile nezindawo zokufaka iziqhingi. Lezi zinhlelo zokwakha ezingangeni amandla amanzi, noma ezincane, zisebenza ngokunciphisa ijubane lokugeleza kwamanzi, ziqhube amandla okukhukhula, futhi zigcine ukuhlanganiswa kwezithako zomhlabathi ezindaweni ezinamandla. Emkhakheni wezobunjiniyela bezisekelo ezijulile, ama-mat okulawula ukukhukhula adlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokumba, sokukhipha amanzi, kanye nezinyathelo zokulungiselela umhlaba, lapho imhlabathi exhumene ibhekana nezingcuphe ezinkulu zokukhukhula ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi emhlabeni, ukunyakaza kwamanzi aphansi, kanye nezithuthi zokwakha. Ukusetshenziswa kwamamathayi okulawula ukukhukhula eziphakanyisweni ezimaphakathi nezindawo ezikhorwejwe ngokubhoboza, ngaphansi kwemidwebo yeziqhingi, nasemaphethelweni okumba kwe-caisson kuvimba ukudlula kwe-sediment ezinqwabeleni zezakhiwo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuzinza komhlaba futhi kunciphise ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha okukhokhelwa futhi izinkinga zokuhambisana nezemvelo. Ukufakwa nokukhetha ama-mat okulawula ukukhukhula kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwezimo ezithile zendawo, kuhlanganise nokuhlukaniswa komhlabathi, ukuphakama kwephakanyiswa, izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi elilindelekile, kanye nezindlela zokwakha. Abakhiqizi kufanele bacabangele ukuhlela kwezithako zomhlabathi ukuze bathole izpecifications ezifanele zokuvula amalunga, njengoba ukuvuleka okuncane kunciphisa ukugeleza nokusebenza kahle kokukhipha amanzi, kuyilapho ukuvuleka okukhulu kwenza i-erosion resistance ingasebenzi. Izikhumba zokulawula ukukhukhula zesikhashana, ezijwayelekile zihlala zenziwe nge-polypropylene engafakwanga noma i-polyester, zisebenza kahle ezindabeni zokwakha zokwakha zezakhiwo ezihamba kancane futhi zingasuswa kalula ngemuva kokuzinza. Izinhlelo ze-geotextile eziphathelekile, eziklanyelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside ekuzinziseni ubuphakanyiswa nasekuphatheni ukuvikelwa, zifaka izilinganiso eziphezulu zokuqina nezakhiwo ezivikeleke ku-UV. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-engilizi yokulawula ukukhukhula, ama-mat okuvuselela uthuli, kanye nama-geotextiles athosiwe noma anga-thosiwe kuncike esikhathini sephrojekthi, ezimweni zemvelo, izidingo zokugcina, kanye nezinhlinzeko zokuhambisana eziphathelene nokuphathwa kwe-sediment kanye namanzi enkomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nezindlela zokufakwa kwamamathayi okulawula ukukhukhula kuhlanganisa kahle nezikhawuko zokwakha ezijulile. Izinhlelo zokunamathela ezisebenzisa izimbobo, ama-pins, noma i-adhesive bonding zibopha ama-mat ukuze avikelekile ekuvalweni kukamanzi, umoya, nezimpempe ezivamile ezindaweni zokwakha ezisebenzayo. Ukufakwa kwe-geotextile ngaphansi kwezindawo zokuchotshozela amanzi nokuhlanza izinhlelo phakathi kwezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezikhonjiwe kuvimba ukuhamba kwezinto ezincane ngenkathi kugcinwa ukugeleza okufanele kokuphatha amanzi aphansi. Izinsiza ezikhethekile ezijolise ekubekeni ama-mat, ama-roller aqinisa, nezinsizwa zokunamathela zenza kube lula izinqubo zokufakwa futhi ziqinisekise ukufaka okuhlelekile emaphrojeni amakhulu ezisekelo. Ngemigomo emikhulu yomhlaba edinga amarock efrakthiwe, imhlabathi ewumngcingo, noma izindawo ezibucayi zokuhamba kwe-sip, abanjiniyela bahlola izinhlelo ze-composite mat ezihlanganisa ukusebenza kokulawula ukukhukhula nokufaka umthwalo wezicelo zokuhamba okuphelile ezindaweni zokwakha zeziqhingi. Imvelo yokulawula ikhulisa ngokushesha izinyathelo zokulawula ukukhukhula nokuhlanganiswa kwemayela ezindaweni zokwakha, okwenza ama-mat okulawula ukukhukhula abe izincazelo ezijwayelekile phakathi kwezivumelwano zokwakha ezijolise ezisekelweni. Ngaphezu kokuhambisana, ama-mat anciphisa ukubambezeleka kwephrojekthi okubangelwa ukulimala kokukhukhula, avikelekile ezakhiweni ezikhehliwe kokuphuma, futhi anciphisa ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha okukhokhelwa emhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kubandakanya ukuzinzisa okuhlelekile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-caisson, ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kokukhukhula eziphakanyisweni ezinenhloso elula ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezinhlaka ezijulile, nemigqa yokwakha yokusekela izinqamuleli zezinsiza ezindaweni ezinzima. Kubakhiqizi abahlanganyela ngezinsiza ezijulile ezimeni ezahlukahlukene ze-geotechnical, ukukhetha nokufaka ama-mat okulawula ukukhukhula kube yisici esisebenza kahle, esinempumelelo, sezindleko eziphathelene nezinhlelo ezihlanganiswe zokuzinza komhlaba.