Amathayela Okubhekisisa Nezithako Zokuthwala

Iziphakamiso zokubamba nezinsika zokuhola zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokunamathela emhlabathini, zisebenza njenge-interface eyinhloko yokusabalalisa yük phakathi kwezinkumbulo zomhlabathi eziqhumelekile kanye nemvelo yangaphandle. Iziphakamiso zokubamba, ezivame ukuhlinzekwa nge-steel yesakhiwo noma i-concrete eqinile, zibekwe ezindaweni ezisemaphakathini phakathi nezingobo ze-nail futhi zisebenza ukudlulisa amandla okukhululeka kumanye ama-nail asebenzayo emhlabathini ozungezile. Lezi ziphakamiso ziqondiswe ukusabalalisa izigaba ezicacile phezu kwendawo enkulu, ukuvimbela ukuzithibeza kwezingozi ezingase zibe nomthelela kumphumela noma ukungafaneleki ngokweqile. Iziphakamiso zokubamba zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela neziphakamiso zokuhola ukuze zakhe indlela ehlelekile yokudlulisa izigaba, zisekela izinhlelo ezahlukene zokubamba kuhlanganise ne-shotcrete, amaphaneli e-concrete aqukethe, noma amakhanda ahlanganisiwe ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuvikelwa ekugugeni kwesurface nasemanzini omhlabathi. Ukuklama nokukhetha iziphakamiso zokubamba nezinsika zokuhola kusekelwe kumsakazo we-nail, imithwalo elindelekile, izici zamandla omhlabathi, kanye nezidingo ezithile zesicelo se-geotechnical. Ukunamathela emhlabathini ngeziphakamiso zokubamba nezinsika zokuhola kusebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabathini onobudlelwano kuzo zonke izindawo ezikwi-namathisela ezinjengeclay eqinile, i-silt, i-sandy silt, kanye nezinhlekelele ze-rock ezenzekile. Lezi zimo zomhlaba zihlala zenzeka ekwakhekeni kwesigodi sokukhishwa, ukwesekwa kokukhululwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina zokwakha ezingaphansi. Indlela yokufaka ibandakanya ukugaya izimbobo ezikhuluma ngezinkanyezi ezibekwe phambili, ukufaka ama-nail esinyama noma amabhari wokufaka, nokuzihlanganisa ngemigudu enezidakamizwa. Iziphakamiso zokubamba kumele ziveze ukuhamba okuhlukehluke kokuhlukahluka kanye nokunyakaza komhlaba ngenkathi zigcina ukuphila komsebenzi wemikhulu noma ukusika okukhuthazayo. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zokubamba zivame ukuhlanganisa izici ezinjengokulungiswa kwezindawo zokubamba, izinhlelo zokuhamba kokungena kwe-amanzi, kanye nezixhumi eziklanywe ukuvuma kokuphuthumayo okuphakathi nezixhumi zomhlabathi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeziphakamiso zokubamba nezinsika zokuhola ziqhubekela phambili ezimweni zokwakha ezahlukene, ukusuka ekuvikelekeni kwesigodi esikhaleni ngesikhathi sokukhiphla emigwaqweni noma ezimileni ukuya ekuvuseleleni kwesigodi okuphakeme ezindaweni ezithambile. Izindawo zomphakathi ezinomkhawulo wokuphila zifakwa kube ngokukhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe bokunamathela emhlabathini, njengoba kudinga ukungathinti umhlaba omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezithako zokwakha noma izindonga zokugcina. Imishini nezinsiza ezihlanganiswe ukufaka iziphakamiso zokubamba zifaka izikhumbi zokugaya udaka, imishini yokugruwa ukuze kuqedwe kahle ama-nail, kanye nezixhumi ezahlukene zokubamba. Osokhukhumeza bakhetha izincazelo zeziphakamiso zokubamba ngokusekelwa kokuhlola okujulile kwezimpahla zomhlaba, ukugxila kwezimfoloko eziqhumelekile, imithwalo yokuphakama, kanye nezidingo zokuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Ukulawula ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sokufaka kubalulekile, njengoba ukuxhumana okufanele phakathi kwezinsika zokubamba kanye nohlelo lokubamba, ukuvuthwa okufanele komphunga, kanye ne-tension efanele ye-nail kubuyisela kuhle ukwakha nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yomhlabathi. Le teknoloji ibe yisibonelo esiqinile emkhakheni we-geotechnical engineering emhlabeni jikelele, yona enezixhumanisi ezizokwenziwa futhi ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba kanye nezimo zokwakha.