Izinhlelo zokukhuculula amanzi ezisekelwa kumapunzi (wellpoint) zibalulekile njengezixazululo zokulawula umswakamo wamanzi ezingaphezulu, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukiseni izisekelo ezijulile lapho ukumba komhlaba kwenzeka ngaphantsi kwezinga lamanzi elNatural. Amawellpoint asebenza njengemishini yokukhipha amanzi ephephile eyanciphisa izinga lamanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemigudu yokwakha, ivumela izimo eziphephile nezomile zokusebenza kwezisekelo ezifana nokushaywa kwezimpahla, ukufakwa kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, futhi nokumba izikhala. Ngokunciphisa izinga lamanzi njengokwesikhashana, izinhlelo zokukhuculula amanzi ezisekelwa kumapunzi zivumela onjiniyela bezobuchwepheshe ukuthi basebenze ngezimo zomhlaba eziqhafaza futhi ezihambisanayo esikhundleni somhlaba ogcwele, ongenamsebenzi okungenza kube nezinkinga eziyingozi kwezokwakha nezikhathi zephrojekthi. Ukufakwa kwama-wellpoint okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwama-wellpoint aphakanyisiwe, noma amapayipi ama-wellpoint, afakwe ngokuqondile emhlabathini ezikhathini ezibalulekile ezijulile emaphethelweni nasemgudwini wokwakha. Lezi zinhlelo ze-wellpoint zixhunyiwe ngepipi le-header kwi-vacuum pump ephakathi noma iyunithi yokuxhunywa ethatha amanzi phakade. Isenzo se-vacuum silkela amanzi emhlabathini okuzungezile ngefayela le-wellpoint futhi akhishwe ezikhungweni zokuhlanganisa, okusindisa izinga lamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuya ngezici zomhlaba kanye nemiklamo yesistimu. Le ndlela ikakhulukazi iyasebenza ezihlahleni ezinokuncibilika njengezihlahla, ama-plasti, nezihlahla ezincane lapho isenzo se-capillary singagcina umswakamo ngisho nangemva kokukhuculula amanzi okokuqala. Ukukhuliswa kwama-wellpoint, ukujula kokufakwa, kanye nezinga lokusebenza kwempompo kuncike ekuhloleni kwe-hydrogeological okusekelwe ekwakhiweni komhlaba, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi, kanye nobude obudingekayo bokunciphisa ukuze kukhishwe izisekelo eziphephile. Izicelo zokukhuculula amanzi ezisekelwa kumapunzi ziqhubeka ezinhlobonhlobo zamaphrojekthi ezisekelo ezijulile kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwe-piled raft, ukufakwa kwepilo efakwe, ukumba ama-piles, kanye nomsebenzi wezisekelo ze-diaphragm wall. Ezindaweni ezakhiwe kakhulu ezisemadolobheni lapho ukuphathwa kokukhuculula amanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuthinta izakhiwo ezizungezile, ama-wellpoints ahlinzeka ngokuqondisa okuqondile ngesimo samanzi. Azinakho ukungokomthetho futhi nezinhlelo zokuhlwanyela, ekwakhiweni kwamagquma, nasemsebenzini wokwakha ngaphansi kwembewu lapho ukuzinza komhlaba kubalulekile. Izimfuneko zempahla ze-wellpoint zicacile, ziqukethe ama-tube ama-wellpoint, ama-header, izikhungo zokuhlanganisa, kanye nezinkampani ze-vacuum pump—zomuthi zingama-component ampula abaqashi abajwayele ukuphatha. Ukuqhamuka kwama-wellpoint okujwayelekile kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokubheka ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ziqaphe izinga lamanzi kanye nokusebenza kwempompo, kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zokwakha nezinqubomgomo zemvelo. Ukukhuculula amanzi ezisekelwa kumapunzi kuqhubeka kube yindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula umhlaba ngokwesikhashana uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokukhuculula amanzi eziphakade, kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kumaphrojekthi wokwakha anokuhora okuphakeme. Ukuphindeka kwezinqubo ze-wellpoint—okunikeza izinga lamanzi ukuthi libuyise emva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi—kuvumela ukuphathwa kwemvelo ngenkathi kuvikelwa ukuphila kwezobuchwepheshe bamanzi isikhathi eside. Kubakhi bezisekelo ezijulile abaphathe izimo zomhlaba, idatha yokuhlukaniswa komhlaba, kanye ne-logistics yephrojekthi ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini ethembekile ye-wellpoint kanye nochwepheshe abanolwazi ekukhuculeni amanzi bonke bangababambisene abaqinile ekuqinisekiseni imiphumela yezinjiniya eziphephile, ezikhumekayo, nezihambisana nomthetho.
Iziphakamisi ezizimele zokugaya amanzi zimelela indlela ekhethekile yokuphuma kwamanzi esebenziswe kwi-ingxenye yokwakha izakhiwo ezinzulu kanye nezinsiza ze-geotechnical ukulawula nokuwa kwezinga lamanzi phansi emathafeni okumba nokwakha. Le ndlela isebenzisa amajethi amanzi agxile aphezulu, avame ukusebenza ngamaphesenti aphakathi kuka-300 kuya ku-600 bar, ukuze ngempumelelo akwazi ukungena futhi afake amapayipi amancane wokugaya amanzi ngqo emithonjeni egcwele amanzi ngaphandle kokufuna izinsiza ezinzima zokubhola noma ukulungiswa okubanzi. Le ndlela yokuhlunga ithuthukisa ukufakwa kwezimali zokugaya amanzi ezindaweni eziqinile nezakhiwo eziphakathi nendawo, yenze le nqubo ikhethekile kalula kubaklami abasebenza ngezinhlelo ezibucayi noma ezindaweni ezivamile zokuhlala lapho izinsiza zokubhola ezijwayelekile zingasebenzi noma zikhawulelwe. Uhlelo lwezikhungo zokugaya amanzi lwezizimele luqukethe izingxenye ezihlanganyelwe kufaka phakathi i-jetting pump unit, izikhwama zokwabelana, ama-risers ama- wellpoint ngamaphepha aphukile, kanye ne-manifold yesikhungo exhunywe kumpompo wokukhipha amanzi. Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka i-nozzle ye-jetting ezingeni lomhlaba futhi iphoqele amanzi agxile ngokweqile phansi ngepayipi lewellpoint, okwenza kube lula ukujula phakathi komhlaba ozungezile futhi kuvumele ipayipi ukuba lehlise ngokwesisindo sako kanye nengcindezi ye-hydrostatic. Le ndlela yokufaka ibonakala ikhululekile kakhulu emathafeni e-granular anjengezihlahla kanye nezithako lapho izimo zomhlaba zikhathazeka ngokuhlanza amanzi kanye nokungena amanzi ngezinga eliphezulu. Kulabo abafaka izinsiza zezimali ezinzulu ezidinga ukulawulwa okukhulu kwamanzi, iziphakamiso zokugaya amanzi ezizimele zinikeza ubuhle obukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile, njengoba ama-wellpoints amaningi angafakwa ezindaweni ezizungezile zamaphetho, izigqoko ze-pile, noma izindawo zokumba zemithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena kwamanzi okuphelele ezindaweni ezinkulu zokwakha. Izicelo ezindaweni zokwakha izisekelo ezinzulu zifaka ukugaya amanzi ezindaweni ezinkulu ezinama-diameter, izikhalazo ze-pile sheet, ukufaka izindonga ze-diaphragm, nezindawo zokumba eziphansi lapho ukugcina izimo zokusebenza ezomile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlinzeka ngama-pile kanye nezinga le-concrete. Le ndlela ihlanganisa kahle ne-systems zokwakha ze-vibro-displacement kanye nama-hammers we-impact pile, ivumele abaklami ukukhipha amanzi angene ngenkathi behamba or befaka ama-pile. Le ndlela yokugaya amanzi iphinde ihlangabezane nezimo zomhlaba ezinzima okubandakanya ukwakheka kwezindonga, izindawo ezinemithombo evamile, kanye nezindawo lapho ukubhola okukhukhumelelayo kuzohlobo lwe-pulp kungaphazamisa ukugcinwa komhlaba. Ikhono lokukhipha amanzi elitholakala ngezinhlaka ezizimele eziklanywe kahle lingavela phakathi kuka-500 kuya kwi ezingu-izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ze-cubic meters nsuku zonke, kuye nge-permeability yomhlaba, izidingo zokuhlanza, nokuhamba kwama-wellpoints active emsebenzini. Izinhlelo zokugaya amanzi ezizimele zimelela isixazululo esihlanganyele esiphumelele, silula, nesimeme sokukhipha amanzi kumakhasimende e-geotechnical kanye noshintsho lwezikhwama. Le teknoloji inciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhola kwezimali ezinkulu, inciphisa isikhathi sokufaka kahle kakhulu, futhi ivumela ukuphathwa okuhlukahlukanisayo ezindaweni zokwakha ezahlukene. Ukuklanywa kahle nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zokugaya amanzi kudinga ukuqonda kwezimo zokwakha komhlaba, amaphethini okuhamba kwamanzi, kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza ezithile zephrojekthi yezakhiwo ngazinye. Ukuhlanganiswa kokufaka ngokushesha, ukujolisa ezimweni zomhlaba ezinzima, kanye nokwethembeka okuqinisekisiwe kwenza iziphakamiso zokugaya amanzi ezizimele kube yinxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokwakha ezinzulu zendawo nezokukhipha amanzi ze-geotechnical emikhakheni yokwakha, yezimboni, kanye nezinsiza.
Izinhlelo zokuhluza eziphumelayo ziwusizo lwesikhashana lokunciphisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ezakhiwe ukuze zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokwakha isisekelo, ukuchoboza, kanye nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Lezi zinhlelo ezisetshenziswa kanye kusebenza njengezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle kunezinhlelo zokuhlungisa eziphindwayo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezinomkhiqizo ophansi noma ezindaweni eziqukethe umkhawulo. Izinhlelo zokuhluza eziphumelayo zaziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni izisekelo ezijulile lapho ukusekela okusheshayo kokuchoboza nokunciphisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe izimo zokusebenza eziphephile nezomile. Lesi sistimu sihlanganisa amapayipi abukhali anokuphaphathekisa, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-1.5 kuya ku-2 inches ububanzi, afakwe phezulu emhlabathini ophume kahle ukuze akwazi ukuthola nokukhipha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kuhlola okuphumelelayo kokuhluza kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwengcindezi ye-hydrostatic, kwehlisa ukuvuma emhlabathini, futhi kuvumela ukufakwa okuphephile kwemigqa, ama-caisson, nezinye izakhiwo ezinzulu. Indlela yokusebenza yezinhlelo zokuhluza eziphumelayo igxila ekukhululweni kwezikwa noma ekusebenzeni kokuqaqa okwenziwe ngempumelelo ukuze kufinyelelwe Ukuhlola okufunwa. Ezinhlelweni ze-gravity, izinhlelo zokuhluza ezihlanganisiwe zibekwe eduzane nesikhala sokuchoboza, zihlanganiswe ngezinsimbi zokuhambisa kumasilindara eziqaqa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kude nendawo yokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokuhluza ngokwakha zisebenzisa izikhwama zokukhipha ukuze enhance ukuhlanza emhlabathini onama-grain amancane lapho i-gravity kuphela ingekho. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukulinganisa okuhle kwezinhlelo zokuhluza ezithile ukuze kudalwe umngcele othe xaxa owutholayo kuphrojekthi yokuchoboza, kunciphisa ithafa lamanzi ngaphansi kokuphuma okufunwa. Izimo zomkhiqizo zinciphisa ukujula komhlaba, ukunambitheka kwamanzi angaphantsi, kanye nezidingo ezithile zokuhamba, ezivamile ukufaka amasilindara angena emanzini, izinhlelo zokuhlunga ukuvimbela ukuvumbuka kwephezulu, kanye nemigqa yokuphatha yokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Izinhlelo zokuhluza eziphumelayo zikhombisa ukusebenza kahle ikakhulukazi emhlabathini onemihlangano nefinely onesikhumbuzo, kuhlanganise ne-silts, i-clays, kanye ne-sandy silts lapho ukuhluza okuvamile kuhlangabezana nezinkinga. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yokufaka imiyalelo lapho ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo kudinga izimo zomhlaba ezivikelekile, ezicindezelwe, kanye nasezinhlelweni ezijulile zokwakha, ukwakha ukugcinwa, kanye nasekuhlanganyeleni kwezimali zokwakha. Le sistimu iyahambisana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ezakhiweni ezihlukene, kusukela ezindaweni ezishumekwe emanzini kuya ezindaweni ezijulile eziyinqwaba ezedlula kumamitha angama-30 lapho amaphuzu amaningi asetshenziswa. Izicelo zibandakanya ukwakha okukhamisayo nokuhweba, izinhlelo zomphakathi, izakhiwo zezimboni, kanye nomsebenzi wokuphathwa kwejazi oluthile okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa komhlaba kanye nemisebenzi yokukhuculula umhlaba. Izinhlelo zokuhluza eziphumelayo zihlinzeka ngesisombululo sokunciphisa amanzi esisebenzayo kumakhasimende afinyelela ekutholeni ukufakwa okusheshayo, izidingo zokugcinwa ezincane, kanye nokuthathwa kokuphuma nezindleko zokubuyisela ezihlobene nezinhlelo eziphakeme. Ukuhamba kwazo kuvumela ukulungiswa kwezinhlelo zephrojekthi, izikhala, kanye nezimo eziguqukayo zomhlaba angaphansi komhlaba phakathi nezikhathi zokwakha. Ukukhethwa kwezinhlelo zokuhluza eziphumelayo nokuqinisa kukhuphuka kuxhomeke isikhathi sokwakha, izakhiwo zomhlaba, amakhemikhali angaphansi, izidingo zokulawula, kanye nemali ejwayelekile yephrojekthi. Ukuklama okuhle nokufaka izinhlelo zokuhluza kudinga ukuhlolwa kwemithombo yumhlaba, ukubala kokuhlanza, kanye nezinto zokuhambisana nemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle phakathi kwezicelo ezibalulekile zokwakha izisekelo ezinkulu nezinhlaka zokuchoboza ezijulile.
Izakhiwo zensimbi eziphinda zisebenze njengezixazululo ezibalulekile zokukhipha amanzi emhlabeni kumaphrojekthi wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kanye nobunjiniyela bezinhlelo zendawo lapho ukulawula amanzi angaphansi emhlabathini kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Lezi ziwellpoints ezincane, ngokuvamile eziqhamuka no-1.25 kuya ku-2 inches ububanzi, zenziwe ukuze zehlise izinga lamanzi angaphansi futhi ziqondise ukucwila ezinhlelweni eziphakeme zokuqhubeka. Izikhwama zensimbi zikhombisa ukuhlala kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezikhethwayo, okwenza kube nenzuzo kwezomnotho kubathengisi abenza amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezikhashana. Umklamo ophindayo unciphisa ukulahleka kwezakhiwo ngenkathi wehlisa izindleko zephrojekthi ngokuvumela ukuthi imishini isetshenziswe ezindaweni eziningi phakathi nezikhathi zayo zokusebenza. Emsebenzini wezisekelo ezijulile, kuhlanganisa ukushaywa kwamapayipi, ukufakwa kwezikhwama, nokwakhiwa kwe- cofferdam, ukukhipha amanzi kwe-wellpoint kuvinjelwa ukungena kwamanzi angaphansi, kuqinisa odongeni lokumba, futhi kuvikele izakhiwo ek Pressure hydraulic nasekuphahlazeni okuphansi. Ukufakwa kwamazamu ensimbi kuhilela ukufakwa okuvundlile noma okwenziwayo emhlabeni ophothwe, kuhlanganisa izinhlanga, izimpande, ne-gravels ezincane, lapho sebenza njengamaphuzu okuqoqwa kohlelo lokukhipha amanzi olubanzi. Uma sehlongozwa, ama-wellpoints axhunywa kumkhono ophakathi, ophuma emgqeni, owanele ukusiza uphampu lwe-centrifugal noma olungena emanzini oluhamba kahle nokuqhubeka. Lezi zinhlelo zenza umjikelezo wezinsizakalo ezijulile phakathi kwamafaneli we-wellpoint, zikhululeka ngokweqile ekwehliseni izinga lamanzi, futhi zinikezela ngezimo zokusebenza ezizinzile emsebenzini wokushaya amapayipi, ekumbeni, nakwakhiweni kwezisekelo. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wezindlela zasemadolobheni, ezokwakha izitimela nezindlela ezisemadolobheni, kanye nomsebenzi wezokwakha lapho amanzi angaphansi ebonisa izinselele ezinkulu emisebenzini yokwakha nokuzinza komhlaba. Izikhwama zensimbi zisebenza kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zembewu nezimo zokugcina amanzi, ukusuka ezihlahleni ezimhlophe ukuba kubude bamatshe abukhoswe. Abaklami bakhetha isikhala se-wellpoint kanye nemithombo yokuphumpa ngokusekelwe ekudluliseni kwembewu, ukuphakama kokungakabikho kwegcwele, udinga ukuphakanyiswa kobude, nokuhamba kwesikhathi kwephrojekthi. Ubulukhuni bensimbi obuphindayo buphila izingozi zemishini zokufaka kabusha, ukwelashwa kokuhlanzeka, kanye nokuphathwa ezindaweni zokwakha ezisebenzayo. Le mishini ihlanganyela kahle nezinye izindlela zokukhipha amanzi ezisekelo, kuhlanganisa imithombo ejulile, ukumpshayi, nezinhlelo zokukhodla, okuvumela abenjiniya ukuthi bakhe izinqubo zokukhipha amanzi ezihlanganisiwe ezimweni ezithile ezinzima. Ukujula nobuhlakani bokwakha kwezimbobo zensimbi eziphephethwe kusiza kakhulu emanxiwini emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi adinga ukulawula okwamanje amanzi angaphansi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamapayipi, ukwehliswa kwezikhwama, imisebenzi yokufaka ama-underpinning, nokumba okuvinjiwe. Ngokugcina izimo zomhlaba ezizinzile futhi wehlisa ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic ezakhiweni, izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi kwe-wellpoint zikhuthaza ngokuqondile ukusebenza okuphephile, okusheshayo, nokonga kakhulu emsebenzini wezisekelo ezijulile kumkhakha wezokwakha emhlabeni jikelele.
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