Imishini yokugcwalisa

Imishini yokugrutsha iyingxenye ebalulekile yeziqu zezobunjiniyela phakathi kwezimiso ezinzulu, inikeza ukufakwa okulawulwayo kwezinto eziqukethe i-cement nezingezona eziqukethe i-cement ukuze kuqinise, kuvalwe, futhi kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphakathi kokwakhiwa kwamadwala emhlabeni kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha imicu, lezi zinhlelo zinciphisa ukungena kwamanzi omhlaba, zithuthukisa izakhiwo zomhlabathi nezimfumba, futhi zidalela izithiyo eziqhubekayo ezindaweni ezisendaweni yamadwala, emicu ye-secant, emicu ye-tangent, nasezindleleni zokuhlanganisa umhlabathi. Ukuqondiswa nokulawulwa kwengcindezi yokulethwa kwe-grout kuneqhaza eliqondile ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kwemisebenzi yokwakha izisekelo ezinzulu. Ukusebenzisa imishini yokugrutsha kufaka izindlela ezahlukahlukene emkhakheni wezisekelo ezinzulu. Ekubeni ukwakhiwa kwamadwala emhlabeni, izinhlelo zokugrutsha zixhasa ukusebenza kwemishini ye-tremie kanye neziqinisekiso zekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamaphaneli. Izicelo zeziqukathi zokuvikela zisebenzisa izinqubo zokufaka ezilandelanayo ukuze zibhekane nezindlela ezisemqoka zokuvuza kanye nokwelashwa kwemikhakha ebuthakathaka. Izinhlelo ze-secant ne-tangent zisebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-grout okukhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kokuhlangana kwemicu. Imisebenzi ye-jet grouting ithembele kumayunithi aphezulu okucindezela athola ukujula kokufaka okudlula amamitha angu-60 nokwelashwa komhlabathi okusalungiswa. Izindlela zokuhlanganisa umhlabathi kanye nezindlela zokuzinza ezisezintweni kudinga imishini yokugrutsha enembile ukuze kube nokugcinwa okufanayo ezindaweni ezithile. Iphilisi yokusebenza igxile ekulethweni kokucindezela okulawulwayo kwe-grout efana nezicucu ukuze kuzuze ukuthintana okulawulwayo phakathi komhlabathi nezimfumba. Izinhlelo wanamuhla zinezincazelo ezizimele zokuphuma kwe-fluid, Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi, kanye neziqukathi zokufaka ezikhethiwe. Ama-pump e-peristaltic, ama-pump e-positive displacement, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqhuba kahle okucindezelayo zisebenza ezidingweni ezahlukene zokusebenza ngokuya ngesikhala sokuphuma, ukuzwela kokuthola, nezingqikithi ze-pressure. Ama-flow meters nezithwebuli zengcindezi zinikeza ukukala kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela, kanti ama-mixers ama-automated piston noma ama-paddle aqinisekisa ukus比例kwama-binder ane-cement, ama-aggregates, nezinto ezithakazelisayo. Izindlela zokulethwa — amathube e-tremie, ama-tubes okujova, nezinhlelo ezikhethekile — ziqondisa i-grout ezindaweni zokwelashwa ngenkathi zinciphisa ukuhlukaniswa futhi zigcine ubumbano. Ukuhlelwa kwemishini kuhlanganisa imishini yokuxuba nokufaka esheshayo yezinhlelo ezincane kuya ezimbonini ezihlanganisiwe zokugrutsha ezisebenza ezifundeni ezinkulu zokwakha. Izikhungo eziningi ziveza umthamo wokugcina odlula amamitha angu-50, izinhlelo zokufudumeza ezidinga izimo ezifanelekile, kanye neziteshi zokuphumpa ezivumela izinqubo zokufaka ezihlangene noma ezilandelanayo. Ukuhlelwa okukhethekile kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ze-jet grouting ezinobubanzi bezigxobo obungama-milimitha angu-1–3 nezicindezi ezedlula ama-600 bar, kanye nezinhlelo eziphansi kakhulu ze-viscosity ezidinga ibanga lokungena elincane. Izinkomba zokukhetha ziqukethe amazinga okuphuma adingekayo, ingcindezi ephezulu yokusebenza, ibanga le-viscosity ye-grout, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa, kanye nokuhambisana nezakhiwo ze-grout ezimisiwe ezihlanganisa i-cement ye-microfine, izinhlelo ze-sodium silicate, nezakhiwo ezisekelwe ku-resin. Ukuhambisana kwezinto nezidingo zephrojekthi kanye nokufinyelela kwemishini ngokuya ngokufakwa kwe-drilling rig kuhlanganisa ezinye izimo ezibucayi. Izindinganiso ezilawulayo imishini yokugrutsha nezinhlelo zihlanganisa i-EN 1538 (Diaphragm Walls), i-EN 14199 (Micropiles), i-EN 12716 (Grouting of Rock), kanye ne-API 65 (Cementing Operations), okuyizimiso ezibeka izimfuneko zokusebenza, izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, nezindlela zokubhekisisa ezibalulekile emsebenzini wezobuchwepheshe.