Izinsimbi Nezikhwama

Izinhlelo zokuxhoma ezizizayo zisebenzisa izingxenye zokuhweba ezineikhono ukuze zifezekise ukwehlisa umthwalo okwethembekile nokuzinza kwesakhiwo, futhi ama-nut nama-washer akhombisa izinto ezibalulekile kulolu hlelo lokufaka. Lezi zingxenye zokunamathela zisebenza emisebenzini eyinhloko phakathi kwezinsiza zokuxhoma, zisebenza ukuze ziqinise ama-bar wokuxhoma noma ama-tendon emzimbeni ophakeme ngenkathi zihlukanisa imithwalo egxilile endaweni enkulu. Ukukhetha nokufaka ama-nut nama-washer afanele kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza nokuphila kwesistimu yokuxhoma ezizizayo, okwenza ukusho kahle nokusebenzisa kwawo kube okubalulekile kumaphrojekthi wokuphakama okujulile nokwenyuka komhlaba. Ezinhlelweni zokwenza izifundo ze-geotechnical ezihlanganisa ukuvuselelwa kwezitobhi nokuxhaswa kwezingqalasizinda ukuya ekufakweni kwezingqalasizinda nasekuvimbeleni ukuwa komhlaba, ama-nut nama-washer kufanele akwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ehilelwe nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Onjiniyela bacacisa lezi zingxenye ngokususelwa kumathrafikhi wokucaciswa kokuxhoma, izimo zomhlaba, nezidingo zokufaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingabamba izinhlelo zokuhlola umphumela futhi zigcine ukuxhumana kokusebenza okuqinile. Ukukhethwa kwemathiriyali—nwhether insimbi ehlotshiswe, insimbi engagqwali, noma ama-alloys akhethekile—kuncike emikhiqizweni ye-soil, isikhathi sokubamba, kanye nezingozi zokuhuzuka ezithile zendawo ngayinye. Ukukhethwa okufanele kwe-washer kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugcizelela kuncipha ngenkathi i-nut igcina amandla afanele okuhlangabezana ukuze ivimbele ukugeja ngesikhathi sokulanda noma ukuhamba komhlaba. Ukufakwa kwama-nut nama-washer ezinhlelweni zokuxhoma ezizizayo kudinga ukunemba kwengcindezi ukuze kufezeke imithwalo ye-design ngaphandle kokucindezela kakhulu i-bar yokuxhoma noma i-collar assembly. Izihlungi zomhlaba, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvuselelweni kwezintaba kanye nemisebenzi yokuphakama okujulile, zisebenza kahle kuphela uma ukufaka okuhle kuhambisana nezidingo zokuhambisa umthwalo ukusuka kumkhiqizo wezenzo ku-system yokugcina umhlaba. Nokho, uma isetshenziswa ekuvuselelweni okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokwakha noma ukukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kokuhlala emhlabeni owakhayo, lezi zingxenye kufanele zisebenze kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene ze-soil ne-rock. Iziqu zokufaka ama-nut ezihlokweni zokuxhoma zivame ukuthobelana nezindinganiso zangaphandle nezichasiso zezimboni zaphrojekthi ngayinye, ngamanani we-torque abala ngokucophelela ngokususelwa kumazinga wokuxhoma, izakhiwo zemathiriyali, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kahle kokudlulisela umthwalo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokunemba kwezingeniso ze-nut nama-washer kubalulekile emvelweni yokufaka kwezobuchwepheshe, njengoba ama-fasteners angaphansi noma angamalungiselelo angafanele angaphula ubuqotho nokuphepha kwe-anchoring. Abakhi neziphathimandla zezimoto abasebenza ngezikhalazo ezizizayo baqonda ukuthi ukuzethemba okuphelele kwesistimu kudinga ukunaka kukho konke okukhona, kusuka ku-drill yokuxhoma kuze kube kufakwa kokugcina. Ukuphathwa kweziqhamo okuphumelelayo kwama-nut nama-washer ahambisana nezilinganiso ezahlukene zamadokhumenti e-bar yokuxhoma kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi futhi kugcine ukwamukelwa kokufaka phakathi kwamaphuzu e-ground ahlukahlukene noma izingxenye zomugqa.