Ukucwenga Kwe-Dryva

Ukugunda okukhipha umhlaba kukhombisa indlela ebalulekile futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhuphuleni umhlaba nasekucwaningweni kwezindawo, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi wezisekelo ezijulile lapho ukuqonda izimo ezingaphansi komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuphumeleleni kwezisekelo. Ngaleyo ndlela, kuhlinzekwa ngokubizwa ngokuthi ukugunda okukhipha umhlaba ngekhebula noma ukugunda ngekhabhoni, le ndlela isebenzisa isikhumbuzo esinzima esiphakanyiswe kukhebula lesteel ukuze sishaye futhi sithinte izithako zomhlaba nezindonga, kancane kancane sihamba phambili eholeleni ejulile. Le ndlela iqhubekile ukuba yindlela ekhethiweyo yokwakhiwa kwezisekelo nasekucwaningweni komhlaba ngenxa yokuba lula, ukungabizi, kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza amasampula aphazamisekile omhlaba nezindonga ezibonisa kahle ukuhluka kwezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba across izingqimba eziningi nezikhathi. Inqubo yokugunda okukhipha umhlaba ibandakanya ukwehlisa futhi uphakamise kabusha isikhumbuzo sokugunda kanye namathuluzi okusika ukuze aphule futhi akhishwe impahla, ethathwa bese ikhululwa usebenzisa isikhumba noma ibhayi. Le msebenzi yokushaya ophindaphindiwe ikakhulukazi iyasebenza emhlabeni ophakeme, emadwaleni, kumathafa, nakudonga lwezindonga eziphathekayo eziazayo ngesikhathi sokucwaninga ngezindawo zokwakha izisekelo zegundane. Le ndlela ivumela abahlinzeki bezokwakha ukukhomba ukuhamba kwemvelo yomhlaba, ukuthola izingqimba ezikhono ezifanele ukusekelwa kwezakhiwo, nokuhlukanisa ubude bemithwalo—data ebalulekile yokukhomba ubude bemisila, izinhlobo zamadolo (amadolo adonswayo, amadolo ethinta), nezimo zokwakha kwezisekelo. Imishini yokugunda okukhipha umhlaba ivamise ukuba namandla amakhulu, ingakwazi ukufakwa ezindaweni ezimfushane, futhi idinga ukulungiselela okuncane uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokugunda ze-rotary noma ze-auger, okwenza kube nemali. Ukugunda okukhipha umhlaba kubalulekile kakhulu ukuze kuzuze amasampula e-Standard Penetration Test (SPT) ezikhundleni ezithile, kuhlinzeka ngemilinganiselo eqondile yokucindezela komhlaba nemisebenzi ye-friction nge-N-values, okusetshenziswa odokotela bezobunjiniyela ukuze bacabangele amandla okuphatha nokubika ngezinga lokuhlanza kweziko elifushane nelijulile. Le ndlela ikhululekile ezimeni zomhlaba ezinzima ezihlanganisa umhlaba obambe, umhlaba ogugile, ukuxuba kwenza umhlaba nephakethe, kanye nezindonga ezijabulelayo lapho ukugunda okujwayelekile kungahlangabezana nezinkinga zokusebenza. Amaphrojekthi okwakha ahlukaniswe phakathi nezisekelo zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, izindonga zokwenza izikhumbuzo, kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha izindonga eziphezulu zesiqhingi zingcishe ukuncika ekugundeni okukhipha umhlaba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucwaningo lwezobunjiniyela lusungula iziseko eziqinisekileyo zokwakha nezindlela zokwakha. Amasampula akhishwayo, amabhuku ezikhumbuzo, nemininingwane yokuhlola ukujula ethathwe kwi-campaigns yokugunda okukhipha umhlaba, ziqondisa izinqumo zokwakha, futhi ziyasiza abahlinzeki bezokwakha ukujabulisa izichazamazwi zamadolo, ukujula, nemigudu yokufaka, kokubili ezisemanzini nasezindaweni zezezimali, kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-geotechnical engineering nemithetho yokwakha.