→ cross-ref: I-Pile Ebhakabhakayo

Izinsiza zokwakha ezincane zihlanganisa izingxenye ezinzima zezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngokuholwa kwesisindo esisemazingeni amasha ukuze zitholakale nemithombo enamandla kokwakha nezakhiwo. Izinsiza ezifana namadokodo azungezile, imikhakha yeadworada yemabula, kanye nemibuthano emile imisebenzi ebalulekile ekwakheni izisekelo ezingeni elizimele. Lawa maphoyisa ahamba kushintshashintshi efika ezikhaleni ezisenhliziyweni nasezimakethe, okuhlobene nezimo ezikhangayo. Izinsiza zenkampani ye-pile driving zisebenza njengezixhobo eziphambili zokudlulisa imithwalo, ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni ezidinga imithwalo engaphezulu kanye nemithwalo eshukumayo ukuthi ibhalwe phansi kumaphoyisa asendaweni. Lezi zinto zibalulekile emithethweni ye-seismic, ezindaweni zasolwandle, kanye neziphakamiso ezinozimele ezidinga ukwakha imikhawulo emisha ngenxa yokuphathwa kwegciwane. Izinsiza zangemva kokwakha zisetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-slurry wall angashintshi, imikhakha emile, kanye nemikhakha ethinta isikhala somhlaba ohlobene nephrojekthi. Zitholakala kakhulu ezithahlokezelweni ezinzima, ekwakheni izikhungo zokemoto, izisekelo zeziphidi ezinzima, nasemithini ethusayo. Ezindaweni zasolwandle, umkhakha wokugqumisa umhlaba ukujiya izikhungo eziphakeme nemiklamo yokuvikela emizweni. Ngenkathi iso elibalulekile selokhu imizamo yokuhlanza izindawo ezithintekile noma ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwamanzi, izinsiza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Inqubo yokwakha ibandakanya ukuhamba kwezinsiza okukhulula i-drilling rotary ukuze kuqondiswe ithuluzi le-boring elijikelezayo ngokwezinqubomgomo. Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi (ukuvamile ukulungiswa kwe-bentonite kumhlabathi ohlobene noma izinhlelo ezisebenza emanzini) kugcwalisa izindonga zomugqa ngenkathi kuhlobene, kuvinjwe ukulayisha nokususa i-cuttings. Uma ukufana kwezidingo kufinyelela, amacala okukwazi ayahamba, futhi isikhala sihlala ngokujulile kungendlela yokwakha ehlelekile—ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yesibili ukuyekethisa ubunye bokwakha nokukhipha ukuhamba kwezinsiza. Izinhlobo ezisemqoka zamathempeli zifaka izinsizakalo ezilungisiwe (ezikwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziningi eziphakeme), ama-systems wuxela ama-CFA wokulawulwa kwezithokoziso ezihambayo, kanye nezinsiza ezikhethekile zokwakha. Izinhlelo ze-casing—izinyathelo zensimbi ezikwenza kube lula ukuzivumelanisa. Ukuze kugxilwe kulezi zinsiza, kubalulekile futhi ukuhamba kwezithokoziso. Okufanelekile kubandakanya ukuhlukaniswa komhlabathi ngokuhambisana nezilinganiso (RQD), ukuphakama kwempumelelo, ubulunga, izimo zamanzi, nezithiyo zomhlaba. Abaphakanyisi balinikhangako bezintfo leisten (torque ne-speed rotational), ububanzi bokuphathwa, nezibalo zokuqhubeleka ngokuhlukahluka kokuphila. Ubukhulu bokuphuma, izidingo zokunambitha, nezidingo zokuhlanza empilweni yalesi sikhungo sokusebenza konke kusebenzisana nezinsiza. Ithuluzi elisemqoka lihlanganisa i-EN 1536 (ukwakha imisebenzi yegeotechnical—izinsiza eziqukethe), i-ISO 14688 ne-ISO 14689 (ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba nezinsiza), i-API RP 2A (izakhiwo eziqhamuka nolwandle), kanye ne-DIN 4119 (izindinganiso ze-pile ezilungiswe eJalimane). Ukuhlola i-RQD kuncike kumagunya e-ISRM; izinqubomgomo zokwakha zisebenzisa i-ACI 336 ne-EN 12696 (ukuvikela ngendlela ye-cathodic yokuhlola).