Ama-DTH Bits Ne-Ring Bits

Izigaba zokwakha ezinzima zezingxenye ze-DTH (down-the-hole) nezicucu zegiya ziwumsebenzi obalulekile ezinqubweni zokubhola ezine-diameter encane, ikakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemitha zomhlaba, izindwangu zokuhlanza, kanye nezinye izinto ezijulile zokwakha. Lezi zinsiza zokusika ezikhethekile zibalulekile kwi-geotechnical engineering yesimanje, zenza kube lula futhi kube yindleko ephusile ukubhola ezinhlelweni zokwakha izisekelo ezidinga ubuchwepheshe obunembile bokubola kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo ezimweni ezahlukene zomhlaba. I-DTH bits isebenza njengezixhobo zokubhola zokuphonsisa ezihlanganiswe nezinhlelo ze-DTH hammer, zidlulisa amandla empahla ngqo phambili ebhodweni lokubhola ukuze zihlukanise amatshalo nesihlahla esiqinile. Izingxenye zegiya, ezihlonzwe ngokuphuma kwazo kwe-annular ngokwakhiwa kwensimbi eqinile noma i-tungsten carbide, zakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuze zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokubhola ze-diamond-core noma ezivulekile. Emkhakheni wokwakha izisekelo, lezi zingxenye zisebenza kakhulu ekwakheni izindonga ze-diaphragm nezindwangu zokuhlanza—imigqomo eqhubekayo ethathwa ngaphansi komhlaba yokulawula amanzi aphansi, ukuvinjwa kokuphuma, nokwesekwa kwesisindo. Isetshenziswa nakumakhono wokwakha ama-pile secant, lapho izimbobo eziphelele, eziphonswayo, zenziwa ukuze zakhe izakhiwo ezidonsela umthwalo, kanye nasekuqaliseni izindonga ze-sheet pile ezidinga ukubhola kwemibuthano. Umbono wokusebenza uncika emkhakheni wezinto nakwimimo yomhlaba. Ama-DTH hammers anikela ngotshani obuphuthumayo, obulawulwa—ngokuvamile 1,500–2,500 izinyathelo ngomzuzu—odlulisa amandla e-kinetic ngokusebenzisa ibhithi ukuya ebhodweni lokubhola. Izingxenye zegiya zisebenzisa amandla okuphenduka kanye nesehlo sokuphonsisa ukuze kudaleke ukujijiswa nokuphuka emaphethelweni, nempande ye-ring ivumela ukuhamba kwezinto phansi kwengxenye ephakathi. Uhlelo lokukhipha imfucumfucu luhluka: ukujikeleza komoya kukhipha imfucumfucu lapho kubhola komoya, kuyilapho ukujikeleza komud (ngama-ring bits) kudlulisela izinto ezifakwe enkabeni ziye phezulu, kuvumela ukuqhubeka kokubola nokubhalwa kwemimo. Izinhlobo zezingxenye ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo zifaka phakathi ama-DTH percussion bits ajwayelekile anokwakhiwa kwezinhlayiya ezehlukene (ngokuvamile 6 kuya ku-16 izimbobo) ezikhama kumodeli ezithile ze-hammer; ama-button bits ahlanganisa i-tungsten carbide inserts kumazinga e-matrix ukuze athuthukise ukumelana nokugqoka emikhakheni ethintekayo; kanye nama-ring bits kumodi evulekile nedokodo lokulawula ububanzi bokubhola. Ubukhulu bebhithi buphakathi kuka-75 kuya ku-200 millimeters emsebenzini wezisekelo ezincane, kuhlanganiswa nemigomo yokuklama izisekelo nezindawo ze-DTH hammer. Izinkombandlela zokukhetha ama-DTH nama-ring bits zifaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba (umhlabathi, uthuli olwenziwe, itshe eliqinile, kanye nezikhala ezihlukahlukene), izinga lokubhola elidingekayo, izidingo zokuzinza kwebhodwe, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-casing. Abakhandi bahlola umnotho weziqephu zemboni ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokuhlelwa okukholekile emzimbeni ophakanyisiwe, isilinganiso samandla okuphonsisa ezinhlelweni ezitholakalayo ze-hammer, nezidingo zeng pressure. Izici zemvelo—ukuhlukumezeka kwamanzi aphansi, izinyanga eziphakeme ezindleleni ezibandayo—zithinta ukukhetha izinto, nezinhlelo ze-matrix ezine-cobalt eziphakeme kanye nezinhlelo ze-resin ezikhethekile ziphakamisa ukusebenza ezikhathini ezivunyelwe noma eziphansi. Izindinganiso ezifanele eziqondisa umkhuba we-DTH drilling zifaka phakathi i-ISO 13143 (ukubhola kokuphonsisa ukuze kwenziwe ama-piles), i-DIN 4098 (ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ze-diaphragm), kanye ne-EN 1538 (izindonga ze-diaphragm ezenziwa emhlabeni). Izindinganiso ze-API zokufaka izinsiza noma izinhlelo zomud (API 65) ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwempahla yokuhamba, kuyilapho izincazelo zomkhiqizi zichaza izimo zokusebenza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nohambo lwe-hammer-bit nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ebhalwe ngokufanayo emisebenzini yokwakha izisekelo.