Kayan Hada-Hada na Injection na Ruwa Uku
Kayan aikin shigar ruwa uku yana wakiltar fasahar magani ta ƙasa mai ci gaba a cikin iyalin jet grouting, wanda aka tsara musamman don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin shayarwa a cikin aikace-aikacen geotechnical masu wahala. Wannan kayan aikin yana ba da damar shigar da ruwa uku masu zaman kansu a lokaci guda—yawanci groud mai ɗauke da siminti, ruwa mai matsa lamba, da iska mai matsa lamba—zuwa cikin ƙasa ko dutsen ta hanyar wani harsashi na shigarwa guda. Wannan fasahar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin injiniyan tushe mai zurfi inda hanyoyin shigar ruwa guda ɗaya ko biyu ke zama marasa inganci, musamman a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar gina katanga mai kyau, ƙirƙirar ginshiƙai masu tsawo, daidaita ƙasa a cikin hakar fuska mai haɗaka, da rage shayarwa a cikin ƙungiyoyin heterojeni.
Babban aikace-aikacen kayan aikin shigar ruwa uku sun haɗa da gina katanga na diaphragm da katanga na katanga a cikin injiniyan dam da gyaran wuraren da suka gurbata, ƙirƙirar ginshiƙai masu tsawo da ginshiƙai masu jujjuyawa don tallafawa hakar mai zurfi, haɗa ƙasa da daidaita tarin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai rauni ko canza, da gyaran groud a cikin dutsen da ke da tsarin rarrabawa mai rikitarwa. Tsarin shigar ruwa uku yana da kyau a cikin yankuna inda rashin daidaito na ƙasa da canjin shayarwa zai iya rage ingancin jet grouting na gargajiya, yayin da sarrafa kowanne ruwan yana ba da damar masu aiki su inganta tsarin shigarwa a cikin lokaci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa da aka gani da martanin juriya.
Aikin shigar ruwa uku yana amfani da ƙirar harsashi na shigarwa mai jujjuyawa inda ruwa da groud ke shigowa a cikin sauri da matsa lamba daban-daban ta hanyar tashoshin jujjuyawa, yayin da iska mai matsa lamba ke kewaye da ruwan jujjuyawa daga waje. Wannan tsarin yana haifar da tsarin gurbatawa da aka tsara wanda ke ƙirƙirar yankuna masu silinda ko quasi-silinda tare da diamita wanda yawanci ke tsakanin 0.8 zuwa 2.5 mita, dangane da matsa lamba na shigarwa, ƙirar harsashi, ƙwarewar ƙasa, da saurin jujjuyawa. Ana iya daidaita rabo na groud zuwa ruwa da matsa lamba na iska a lokacin ayyuka, yana ba da damar sarrafa ingancin haɓaka, halayen shayarwa, da ƙarshe diamita na ginshiƙi—wani ikon da ba ya wanzu a cikin tsarin mataki guda na gargajiya.
Tsarin kayan aiki a cikin wannan rukuni sun haɗa da kayan aikin shigarwa na tsaye tare da tsarin jagorar harsashi mai tsawo ko mai jujjuyawa, kayan aikin hakar zurfi da aka haɗa tare da fakitin canza ruwa uku, da haɗaɗɗun ƙungiyoyin jet grouting tare da tsarin sarrafa kansa don daidaita matsa lamba da saurin gudu. Sabbin shigarwa suna haɗawa da sa ido a cikin lokaci na shigarwa (matsa lamba, saurin gudu, isar da iska), sarrafa saurin jujjuyawa da jujjuyawa, da kuma damar yin rajista don tabbatar da inganci da tabbatar da bayan ginin.
Ka'idodin zaɓin kayan aikin shigar ruwa uku sun haɗa da buƙatun zurfin aikin (daga rami masu shalla zuwa 60+ mita), nau'ikan ƙasa da dutsen da ake tsammani, buƙatun ƙarshe na diamita da ƙarfi, samun damar shafin da ƙuntatawar sarari, da buƙatar daidaito a cikin shafin katanga ko daidaiton ginshiƙi. Masu kwangila suna kimanta ƙarfin kayan aiki dangane da matsa lamba mafi girma na shigarwa (yawanci 25–60 MPa), amfani da ƙarfin hydraulic, buƙatun injin iska, da dacewa da tsarin hakar ko hakar da ke akwai.
Ka'idodin masana'antu da ke kula da jet grouting na ruwa uku ana ambata su a cikin EN 12716 (Aikin musamman na geotechnical—Jet grouting), ISO 21496 (Ingancin ƙasa da ruwa ƙasa—Jagora kan ɗaukar samfur da tantance zafin ruwan ƙasa a matsayin tushe don tantance ingancin ruwan ƙasa), da takardun ƙasa masu dacewa ciki har da DIN 4126 a Jamus da makamantan ka'idodin da aka daidaita a Turai. Bin waɗannan ka'idodin yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin tsarin ƙira, hanyoyin kula da inganci, takaddun shaida, da tabbatar da aiki a cikin ayyukan ƙasa na duniya.