Izindawo ezihlangene ezinamakhanda zimela isigaba esikhethekile seziqeshana zezimiso zokwakha ezikhanyayo ezakhiwe ukuze zisetshenziswe ekwakheni okwenziwe ngezicucu kumasistimu okuhamba phansi. Lezi zinsiza zomzimba zineziphakamiso ezihlangene nezinhlelo zezimiso eziphambili ezivumela ukuthi izigaba ziqephuke zifakwe ngokuphakeme ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwephepha, zakha izakhiwo eziphathwayo eziphathekayo. Zikhiqizwa ngekhonkrithi eqinile enezici ezithile zokuhlanganisa ezandleni nasezindaweni ezithile zokugaywa, izindawo ezihlangene zihlelwe ukuze zidlulisele umthwalo ngendlela efanele phakathi kwezindawo zomhlabathi ngenkathi ziqhuba izikhathi zokucindezela ezikhaliphile kumasistimu wokwakha ahlukanisiwe. Ukwenza kwekhonkrithi ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi isamente, izinsimbi, nezithako ezihlelwe ukuze ziqinise ukuphila kokwakha ezindaweni ezinamandla emhlabathini nasemanzini, kuhlangabezana noma kudlula izidingo zokusebenza zokusebenza okwamanje. Ezemisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwezimoto ezinkulu nasekuhlelweni kwezokwakha, izindawo ezihlangene zisebenza njengezikhungo ezisheshayo kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto zibalulekile ezimisweni zokufaka amaphasela lapho ukujula okuyinhloko noma izimo zomhlabathi kukhulu, okwenza ukufakwa kwephepha elilodwa kungabi nakho. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasistimu okuhamba phansi ezindaweni zokwakha, izakhiwo eziphakeme, izikhungo zomsebenzi, nezinhlelo zezimali ezidinga ukudluliselwa okunokwethenjelwa kumahamba asemphakathini. Izindawo ezihlangene zithola futhi isicelo kumaphrogramu wokuthuthukisa umhlaba, izakhiwo zasolwandle, nezinhlelo zokuhlanza lapho ukusizakala okufanele nokwakhiwa okwenziwayo kubalulekile. Ukuhlelela kwazo kwezokwakha kuvumela ukufaneleka kwesayithi okuvuselelwe futhi kwehlisa izithiyo ze-logistics ezihambisana nokuphatha izinto ezinkulu zesakhiwo, okwenze zisetshenziswe kahle ezindaweni zokwakha ezimatasa nasemigwaqweni ekude enokufinyelela okuncane. Ukulethwa nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezihlangene kudlula izinqubo ezivamile zemboni. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlinzeka lezizinto ziqhamuka eziteshini ezinamandla, zifika ezindaweni zephrojekthi zilindele ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kokuphathwa okwengeziwe. Ukugcina okwethulayo kudinga umhlaba ophakeme onezinhlelo ezanele zokuhlunga ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkrithi, kukhuluma nohlelo lokuvikela ekukhanyeni okujulile kwe-ultraviolet nasezishintsheni ezifanele zezinga lokushisa. Ukuqaliswa kuhilela ukufanisa izigaba kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile zokufaka amaphasela—amathegi, abashayeli bokuvunguza, noma izinhlelo ze-hydraulic—ngokuhlola ngokucophelela kanye nezinyathelo zokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bezixhumanisi. Abasebenzi beqala kufanele bahlola izimo zezihlangene, ukuqinisa ukufakwa, nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ekhonsathi ngaphambi kokwamukela nokukhuphula okwengeziwe. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezokuhlukaniswa zifaka izigaba ezihlukanisiwe ngosayizi, ubude, ubukhulu bezindonga, nolayini bokuhlanganisa, nezikhumbuzo ezizwakalisa amandla ezinentambo ezihlosiwe nezidingongqangi zokudla umkhiqizo. Izigaba zekhonkrithi ezihlanganisa C30/37 kuya ku-C50/60 zimela izincazelo ezijwayelekile, ezikhethwe ngokuya ngezikhathi zokwakha, ukuphila, kanye namandla okukhipha. Izithako zokuhlanganisa—zokuhlanganiswa nokuhanjiswa—zihlanganiswe phakathi kwezincwadi zokuklama nezikhumbuzo zephrojekthi. Izimo ezisemqoka zokukhetha zifaka izimo zomhlabathi (amandla okudlula, ukujula), imithwalo eyakhiwe, ukujula okuphezulu, izinkinga zokuzungeza komhlaba, nezinto zemvelo. Abakhandi bahlola usayizi wephepha neziqondiso zokuhluka, izikhathi zokuthuthukiswa kwekhonkrithi, nokusebenza kwezixhumanisi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushoda noma zokushintsha. Ukuze ube nendawo yokwakha, ukutholakala kwezimoto, kanye nezinhlelo zephrojekthi kuqhubeka kuhlala kubhala izinqumo zokukhetha izinto. Izindawo ezihlangene zihambisana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu EN 14199 (izigubhu zeziqeshana ezihlanganisiwe), EN 206 (ukuhlukaniswa kwekhonkrithi), kanye nemikhiqizo efanelekile ye-ISO 19258, kanye nezindinganiso zaseMelika ASTM C593 kanye ne-ASTM D1143. Lezi zindinganiso zihlala zimisela izidingo zokwakhiwa komuntu, izinga lokwakhiwa, izinqubo zokuhlola, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza, kuqinisekisa ubuqotho nesikhathi sokukwazi kwezakhiwo.
Izindawo ezihlangene ezinamakhanda zimela isigaba esikhethekile seziqeshana zezimiso zokwakha ezikhanyayo ezakhiwe ukuze zisetshenziswe ekwakheni okwenziwe ngezicucu kumasistimu okuhamba phansi. Lezi zinsiza zomzimba zineziphakamiso ezihlangene nezinhlelo zezimiso eziphambili ezivumela ukuthi izigaba ziqephuke zifakwe ngokuphakeme ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwephepha, zakha izakhiwo eziphathwayo eziphathekayo. Zikhiqizwa ngekhonkrithi eqinile enezici ezithile zokuhlanganisa ezandleni nasezindaweni ezithile zokugaywa, izindawo ezihlangene zihlelwe ukuze zidlulisele umthwalo ngendlela efanele phakathi kwezindawo zomhlabathi ngenkathi ziqhuba izikhathi zokucindezela ezikhaliphile kumasistimu wokwakha ahlukanisiwe. Ukwenza kwekhonkrithi ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi isamente, izinsimbi, nezithako ezihlelwe ukuze ziqinise ukuphila kokwakha ezindaweni ezinamandla emhlabathini nasemanzini, kuhlangabezana noma kudlula izidingo zokusebenza zokusebenza okwamanje. Ezemisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwezimoto ezinkulu nasekuhlelweni kwezokwakha, izindawo ezihlangene zisebenza njengezikhungo ezisheshayo kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto zibalulekile ezimisweni zokufaka amaphasela lapho ukujula okuyinhloko noma izimo zomhlabathi kukhulu, okwenza ukufakwa kwephepha elilodwa kungabi nakho. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasistimu okuhamba phansi ezindaweni zokwakha, izakhiwo eziphakeme, izikhungo zomsebenzi, nezinhlelo zezimali ezidinga ukudluliselwa okunokwethenjelwa kumahamba asemphakathini. Izindawo ezihlangene zithola futhi isicelo kumaphrogramu wokuthuthukisa umhlaba, izakhiwo zasolwandle, nezinhlelo zokuhlanza lapho ukusizakala okufanele nokwakhiwa okwenziwayo kubalulekile. Ukuhlelela kwazo kwezokwakha kuvumela ukufaneleka kwesayithi okuvuselelwe futhi kwehlisa izithiyo ze-logistics ezihambisana nokuphatha izinto ezinkulu zesakhiwo, okwenze zisetshenziswe kahle ezindaweni zokwakha ezimatasa nasemigwaqweni ekude enokufinyelela okuncane. Ukulethwa nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezihlangene kudlula izinqubo ezivamile zemboni. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlinzeka lezizinto ziqhamuka eziteshini ezinamandla, zifika ezindaweni zephrojekthi zilindele ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kokuphathwa okwengeziwe. Ukugcina okwethulayo kudinga umhlaba ophakeme onezinhlelo ezanele zokuhlunga ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkrithi, kukhuluma nohlelo lokuvikela ekukhanyeni okujulile kwe-ultraviolet nasezishintsheni ezifanele zezinga lokushisa. Ukuqaliswa kuhilela ukufanisa izigaba kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile zokufaka amaphasela—amathegi, abashayeli bokuvunguza, noma izinhlelo ze-hydraulic—ngokuhlola ngokucophelela kanye nezinyathelo zokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bezixhumanisi. Abasebenzi beqala kufanele bahlola izimo zezihlangene, ukuqinisa ukufakwa, nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ekhonsathi ngaphambi kokwamukela nokukhuphula okwengeziwe. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezokuhlukaniswa zifaka izigaba ezihlukanisiwe ngosayizi, ubude, ubukhulu bezindonga, nolayini bokuhlanganisa, nezikhumbuzo ezizwakalisa amandla ezinentambo ezihlosiwe nezidingongqangi zokudla umkhiqizo. Izigaba zekhonkrithi ezihlanganisa C30/37 kuya ku-C50/60 zimela izincazelo ezijwayelekile, ezikhethwe ngokuya ngezikhathi zokwakha, ukuphila, kanye namandla okukhipha. Izithako zokuhlanganisa—zokuhlanganiswa nokuhanjiswa—zihlanganiswe phakathi kwezincwadi zokuklama nezikhumbuzo zephrojekthi. Izimo ezisemqoka zokukhetha zifaka izimo zomhlabathi (amandla okudlula, ukujula), imithwalo eyakhiwe, ukujula okuphezulu, izinkinga zokuzungeza komhlaba, nezinto zemvelo. Abakhandi bahlola usayizi wephepha neziqondiso zokuhluka, izikhathi zokuthuthukiswa kwekhonkrithi, nokusebenza kwezixhumanisi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushoda noma zokushintsha. Ukuze ube nendawo yokwakha, ukutholakala kwezimoto, kanye nezinhlelo zephrojekthi kuqhubeka kuhlala kubhala izinqumo zokukhetha izinto. Izindawo ezihlangene zihambisana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu EN 14199 (izigubhu zeziqeshana ezihlanganisiwe), EN 206 (ukuhlukaniswa kwekhonkrithi), kanye nemikhiqizo efanelekile ye-ISO 19258, kanye nezindinganiso zaseMelika ASTM C593 kanye ne-ASTM D1143. Lezi zindinganiso zihlala zimisela izidingo zokwakhiwa komuntu, izinga lokwakhiwa, izinqubo zokuhlola, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza, kuqinisekisa ubuqotho nesikhathi sokukwazi kwezakhiwo.
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