Izinsika ze-concrete ezi-jointed ezine-square section zimele indlela ehlanganisiwe yokufakwa kwezisekelo ezijulile, eziqukethe izingxenye ze-concrete ezihlakazekile ezine-profiles ezine-square cross ezihlangana ngezenzo zomshini noma ezisebenzisanayo. Lezi zingxenye ezihlanganisiwe, ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinga elihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo se-concrete eyakhiwe ngensimbi nezinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa kwezikhala ezihlakazekile. Uma kuqedwa ukwakhiwa, umklamo o-jointed uvumela izingxenye ezihlukene ukuba zifakwe, ziqinise, noma zifakwe ngezinga lokungezwani ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuvumela ukujula kwezingxenye ze-pile okuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokukhawulelwa ekwenzeni nasekuthumelweni okungaguquki. Le nhlanganisela—ehlanganisa i-concrete enamandla aphezulu (evamile i-C30 ukuya ku-C50) ne-reinforcement yensimbi efakwe—ikunikeza amandla amahle, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nokumelana nokuhlangana kwezinto zendawo nezikhashana zomhlaba. Izinsika ze-square section ezijointed zinezigaba ezibalulekile emikhakheni yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile nasemkhakheni we-geotechnical engineering. Ezenzweni zokubeka izinsika emanzini, zisekela izisekelo zezing bridges, izakhiwo eziphezulu, nezakhiwo zezimboni lapho izimo zomhlaba noma izithiyo zesizinda zidinga ukungena okujule. Izicelo zasemanzini nasezindaweni zasolwandle zisebenzisa izimpawu zokuqina kwe-corrosion uma zisetshenziselwa ukuvikelwa okufanele. Lezi zinsika zinempumelelo emisebenzini yokubuyekezwa nokuqiniswa, lapho izithiyo ezikhona kumkhakha wezakhiwo zifaka umkhawulo osindayo noma ukufinyelela—ukuhlelwa okuyingxenye kuvumela ukufakwa nokulungiswa okuhamba phambili. Ekwakheni odongeni bokugcina, zizinze kokubili ukwesekwa komhlaba okuhamba phezulu nokwejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zomhlaba ezinokwakheka okuhlukahlukene noma izinga eliphezulu lamanzi emhlabeni. Izicelo ezikhethekile zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwezinsika zokuhlola ze-geotechnical, lapho izingxenye zibamba amathuluzi okuhlola axhunywe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ukulethwa endaweni yokusebenza kuvamise ukufaka ukuthuthwa kwezingxenye ezihlukene ngezithuthuthu ezinzima ezijwayelekile zendawo yokusebenza, lapho ziqalelwa futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ngokwehlukile ezinsikeni ezinqunyiweyo, izingxenye ezijointed zidinga imishini ethile yokuphatha—ama-spreader bars kanye nezihlanganisi zokuphakamisela kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuvimbela ukuphuka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Ukufakwa kweziqu zenzelwa ngezimoto ezikhethekile ezinozimele ezina-headers afanele nohlanga (izinhlelo zokuthinta, ukuvabhlisa, noma ezivuthayo kuye ngezimo zomhlaba). Ukuhlanganiswa endaweni ye-rig kuqhubeka kancane, nezindawo ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe futhi ziqinisekiswe ngokuhlangana kanye nokwakhiwa ngaphambi kokuphuma. Ukusekelwa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokufakwa kuvimba ukwehla noma ukuguquguquka. Ukugcina endaweni kudinga ukuhleleka ngokucophelela emhlabathini olinganiselwe ngezindawo zokusekela ezifanele ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa okuqamile kanye nokuphumula okungenzeka. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izingxenye ezinezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene ze-reinforcement ukuze zifanele izidingo ezihlukene zomthwalo—ukukhanya, okujwayelekile, kanye nezinga elinzima—ngaphandle kokwakhiwa okukhethekile okubandakanya izimbobo ezinde zokudlulisa umthwalo. Usayizi be-cross-sectional uhamba ukusuka ku-300 × 300 mm kuya ku-600 × 600 mm, neziqu zama-mizwa ezilungiswe kahle ngezimo ezithile. Izindlela zokuxhumanisa zihluka: izinhlelo zokuxhumana zomshini ezine-spigot-ne-socket zithola ukuhamba phambili, kanti imiqambo ethile ye-friction-fit noma ye-bolted izama ukwenza izimo ze-geotechnical ezithile. Izinkcukacha zokukhetha zihlanganisa izidingo zamandla okuphatha, ukujula okulindelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwemvelo nezinto zokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kokufakwa okukhona, izithiyo zokufinyelela kumaphrojekthi, kanye nezindleko eziphusile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-pile. Ochwepheshe bahlola imithwalo yokuthwebula evunyelwe, ukubikezela ukuhlehla, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kumkhakha we-geotechnical obekwa kahle. Izinhlaka zokuhamba kanye nezithiyo zokuhlelwa endaweni zivame ukuwina ukukhetha usayizi bezingxenye. Izinsika ezijointed ze-square section zihambelana nezindinganiso ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke: EN 1536 (Izinsika ezithungwayo—Ikhodi yokusebenza), EN 13877 (Izinsika ze-concrete ezibekwe ngaphambilini), ISO 13374 (Ukuhlola isimo), kanye ne-ASTM A416 (kwezincazelo zokwakhiwa kwe-reinforcement efakwe). Izinhlobo zendawo ezifana ne-DIN, BS, kanye nezindinganiso ze-Russian GOST zikhokhiswa ezimakethe ezithile, kanti imiphakathi eminingi yaseYurophu ilandela izakhiwo zokuklama ezisekelwe ku-Eurocode.
Izinsika ze-concrete ezi-jointed ezine-square section zimele indlela ehlanganisiwe yokufakwa kwezisekelo ezijulile, eziqukethe izingxenye ze-concrete ezihlakazekile ezine-profiles ezine-square cross ezihlangana ngezenzo zomshini noma ezisebenzisanayo. Lezi zingxenye ezihlanganisiwe, ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinga elihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo se-concrete eyakhiwe ngensimbi nezinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa kwezikhala ezihlakazekile. Uma kuqedwa ukwakhiwa, umklamo o-jointed uvumela izingxenye ezihlukene ukuba zifakwe, ziqinise, noma zifakwe ngezinga lokungezwani ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuvumela ukujula kwezingxenye ze-pile okuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokukhawulelwa ekwenzeni nasekuthumelweni okungaguquki. Le nhlanganisela—ehlanganisa i-concrete enamandla aphezulu (evamile i-C30 ukuya ku-C50) ne-reinforcement yensimbi efakwe—ikunikeza amandla amahle, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nokumelana nokuhlangana kwezinto zendawo nezikhashana zomhlaba. Izinsika ze-square section ezijointed zinezigaba ezibalulekile emikhakheni yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile nasemkhakheni we-geotechnical engineering. Ezenzweni zokubeka izinsika emanzini, zisekela izisekelo zezing bridges, izakhiwo eziphezulu, nezakhiwo zezimboni lapho izimo zomhlaba noma izithiyo zesizinda zidinga ukungena okujule. Izicelo zasemanzini nasezindaweni zasolwandle zisebenzisa izimpawu zokuqina kwe-corrosion uma zisetshenziselwa ukuvikelwa okufanele. Lezi zinsika zinempumelelo emisebenzini yokubuyekezwa nokuqiniswa, lapho izithiyo ezikhona kumkhakha wezakhiwo zifaka umkhawulo osindayo noma ukufinyelela—ukuhlelwa okuyingxenye kuvumela ukufakwa nokulungiswa okuhamba phambili. Ekwakheni odongeni bokugcina, zizinze kokubili ukwesekwa komhlaba okuhamba phezulu nokwejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zomhlaba ezinokwakheka okuhlukahlukene noma izinga eliphezulu lamanzi emhlabeni. Izicelo ezikhethekile zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwezinsika zokuhlola ze-geotechnical, lapho izingxenye zibamba amathuluzi okuhlola axhunywe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ukulethwa endaweni yokusebenza kuvamise ukufaka ukuthuthwa kwezingxenye ezihlukene ngezithuthuthu ezinzima ezijwayelekile zendawo yokusebenza, lapho ziqalelwa futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ngokwehlukile ezinsikeni ezinqunyiweyo, izingxenye ezijointed zidinga imishini ethile yokuphatha—ama-spreader bars kanye nezihlanganisi zokuphakamisela kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuvimbela ukuphuka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Ukufakwa kweziqu zenzelwa ngezimoto ezikhethekile ezinozimele ezina-headers afanele nohlanga (izinhlelo zokuthinta, ukuvabhlisa, noma ezivuthayo kuye ngezimo zomhlaba). Ukuhlanganiswa endaweni ye-rig kuqhubeka kancane, nezindawo ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe futhi ziqinisekiswe ngokuhlangana kanye nokwakhiwa ngaphambi kokuphuma. Ukusekelwa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokufakwa kuvimba ukwehla noma ukuguquguquka. Ukugcina endaweni kudinga ukuhleleka ngokucophelela emhlabathini olinganiselwe ngezindawo zokusekela ezifanele ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa okuqamile kanye nokuphumula okungenzeka. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izingxenye ezinezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene ze-reinforcement ukuze zifanele izidingo ezihlukene zomthwalo—ukukhanya, okujwayelekile, kanye nezinga elinzima—ngaphandle kokwakhiwa okukhethekile okubandakanya izimbobo ezinde zokudlulisa umthwalo. Usayizi be-cross-sectional uhamba ukusuka ku-300 × 300 mm kuya ku-600 × 600 mm, neziqu zama-mizwa ezilungiswe kahle ngezimo ezithile. Izindlela zokuxhumanisa zihluka: izinhlelo zokuxhumana zomshini ezine-spigot-ne-socket zithola ukuhamba phambili, kanti imiqambo ethile ye-friction-fit noma ye-bolted izama ukwenza izimo ze-geotechnical ezithile. Izinkcukacha zokukhetha zihlanganisa izidingo zamandla okuphatha, ukujula okulindelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwemvelo nezinto zokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kokufakwa okukhona, izithiyo zokufinyelela kumaphrojekthi, kanye nezindleko eziphusile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-pile. Ochwepheshe bahlola imithwalo yokuthwebula evunyelwe, ukubikezela ukuhlehla, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kumkhakha we-geotechnical obekwa kahle. Izinhlaka zokuhamba kanye nezithiyo zokuhlelwa endaweni zivame ukuwina ukukhetha usayizi bezingxenye. Izinsika ezijointed ze-square section zihambelana nezindinganiso ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke: EN 1536 (Izinsika ezithungwayo—Ikhodi yokusebenza), EN 13877 (Izinsika ze-concrete ezibekwe ngaphambilini), ISO 13374 (Ukuhlola isimo), kanye ne-ASTM A416 (kwezincazelo zokwakhiwa kwe-reinforcement efakwe). Izinhlobo zendawo ezifana ne-DIN, BS, kanye nezindinganiso ze-Russian GOST zikhokhiswa ezimakethe ezithile, kanti imiphakathi eminingi yaseYurophu ilandela izakhiwo zokuklama ezisekelwe ku-Eurocode.