Amanzi

**Incazelo neSakhiwo** Amanzi asebenza njengesixazululo esibalulekile emisebenzini yokwakha izisekelo ezinzulu kanye nezobunjiniyela bezimo zomhlaba, asebenza njengenqola eyinhloko yokudrill, ukuhlanzwa, kanye nemisebenzi yokulungiselela indawo. Kubonakaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe, amanzi angase ahlanzekile (aphilayo) noma alungiswe ngama-additives akhethekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zokusebenza. Ukwakheka komsoco wefluid nobunjalo bukhulu buthonya ukusebenza kahle kokudrill, ukuzinza kwe-borehole, kanye nezinhlaka zezakhiwo. Amanzi asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zobunjiniyela bezimo zomhlaba kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokuhlanzeka, ukusawoti, kanye nokwakheka kwekhemikhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana nezimo zomhlaba, ama-additives we-concrete, kanye nezinhlelo zezinto. **Izicelo Emsebenzini Wokwakha Izisekelo Ezinzulu Nasezimo Zomhlaba** Amanzi abaluleke kakhulu ezinyathelweni eziningi zokwakha izisekelo ezinzulu. Emsebenzini wokudhliwa okuphindaphindiwe naku-percussion, amanzi asebenza njengenqola eyinhloko yokujikeleza, evumela ukususa ama-cuttings, ukuzinza kwephuzu le-borehole, kanye nokupholisa ithuluzi lokudrill. Ekufakweni kwezimpondo, amanzi asetshenziselwa ezahlukene emiphumeleni ye-drilling fluid e-maintain ukuj geometrical kwe-borehole futhi avimbele ukuwa komhlaba ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezimpondo kanye nemisebenzi ye-CFA (Continuous Flight Auger). Emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa umhlaba, amanzi abalulekile ku-jet grouting, vibro-compaction, kanye nezinqubo ze-vibro-replacement lapho edala izindawo zokucindezela eziphakeme noma ehambisa imadi ethile yokwakha kumazinga omhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi abalulekile ezivivinyweni ze-hydrostatic zempondo eziphelile, izinhlelo zokuhlolwa kokucindezela, kanye nokunciphisa uthuli ezindaweni zokwakha ezisebenzayo. **Ukulethwa, Ukulondolozwa, Nokusetshenziswa Endaweni** Ukulethwa kwamanzi emaphrojekthini wokwakha izisekelo ezinzulu ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ama-tanker akhulayo, anobuningi obuphakathi kuka-10,000 kuya ku-40,000 amalitha ngezimoto kuye ngokuqhamuka endaweni kanye nezincazelo zezinto. Ukulondolozwa endaweni kusebenzisa ama-tank ahlanyisiwe ngezikhathi ezithile noma izibuko zokuhlunga, evamise ukufakwa nezinhlelo zokuhlunga ukuhoxisa izinto eziphakanyisiwe futhi zigcine ukuhlanzeka kwefluid. Izinqubo zokusetshenziswa zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyindida lapho izinhlelo zokuphinda ziphinde nokubonwa kwekhemikhali kunciphisa isidingo sokugcina. Ukulawula okushisa kungase kudingeke ezimeni ezinzima ukuze kugcinwe i-viscosity ye-drilling fluid ngaphakathi kwezinga lokusebenza. **Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Nezincazelo** Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi emisebenzini ye- foundation kubandakanya amanzi ahlanzekile (ukukhetha okuyinhloko kuzicelo eziningi), amafomulations avikela amanzi-sawoti ukuze kudriliwe izimpande ezinjengemikhumbi, kanye namanzi alungiswe ngokukhethekile afaka ama-bentonite clays, ama-polymers, noma ama-lignosulfonates ukuze kudaleke i-drilling muds ezinzile. Izinga lokuhlanzeka alidingeki; nokho, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphakanyisiwe kufanele kugcine ngaphansi kuka-5% ngokwe-weight kuzicelo zokudrill, kanti amazinga e-pH ngokuvamile abakhona phakathi kuka-6.5 no-8.5 ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwemishini. **Izimfanelo Zokukhetha** Abaklami baphakamisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomhlaba ezithathwe ngenhla, indlela yokudrill, ububanzi obuhlosiwe be-foundation, kanye nezimo zokushisa. Ukuqapha ukutholakala kwamanzi endaweni, izidingo zokuhlunga, kanye nemithetho yemvelo kubalulekile ekplaneni kwephrojekthi nasekuboneni izindleko. **Izindinganiso Zobuchwepheshe** Ikhwalithi yamanzi emsebenzini wokudrill wezobunjiniyela bezimo zomhlaba ihambisana nezincwadi ze-EN 933, iziqondiso ze-ASTM D2488, kanye nemigomo yokuhlukaniswa komhlaba ye-ISO 14688, nezigameko ezithile ezibhalwe kumakhodi okwakha endaweni nasezindaweni zokwakha ze-foundation ezinjenge-EN 1997 (Eurocode 7) nakwezinye izakhiwo zamazwe.