Izinsiza Zokubhoboza I-Anchor Zezintaba

Amarigging wokubhola angaphakathi okuphakeme asheshisa imishini ethile yokufaka ama-anchors omphakathi, ama-anchors ezinsalela, kanye nezintambo zompompo ezisiza ukuqinisa izitezi ezingazinzile nokuvimbela izikhukhula ezinzima ezimeni ze-geotechnical. Lezi zinhlelo zokubhola zibalulekile ezingxenyeni zedamu le-anchor ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ingcindezi yomhlaba ebhange futhi ziqinise izindonga, phendula izidwaba ezibhakabhakeni, nasemathafeni endalo lapho izixazululo zomgodi ezijwayelekile zingafaneleki. Amarigging wokubhola angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukuvula imifantu enembile ezikhungweni ezibala—ngokuvamile ezilinganiselwa phakathi kwama-15 kuya kwama-45 degrees ngaphansi kokhulu—kuyi-strata ye-rock efanele noma izendlalu eziminyene ngaphansi kwesikhumba esingazinzile. Inqubo yokubhola idinga ama-rigs wokubhola ashisayo akhelwe ngama-heads e-percussion noma e-rotary-percussion angakwazi ukufaka abuqhaza kumakubhakabhaka ahlukene, izimpahla ezichotshozwe, nezithako eziqhubekayo ngenkathi zigcina ubuqotho bendlela nokuzinza kwemifantu. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zisebenze ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezihlukumezayo ezilungiselelwe izakhiwo ezikhona, okwenza ukuhamba, ukwakhiwa kokuphakathi okujwayelekile, kanye nokulawula kahle kokuphakama okubalulekile. Ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe bokubhola bangaphakathi kubandakanya izigaba eziningi ezilandelanayo ezibalulekile kumaphrojekthi okuthula izitezi. Ukwenda ukuqala kokubhola nokuhlola kwe-geotechnical kuthola izimo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kuthola izindawo ezifanele ze-anchor ezinomthwalo olungile nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza ze-rock. Uma izindawo ze-anchor ziqinisekisiwe, ukukhiqizwa kokubhola kuqhubeka nemifantu efakwe ikhefu noma ingekafakanga efanele ukufakwa kwe-anchor bar, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswe imifantu enobubanzi obungama-25-32mm bokubola be-soil anchors noma ama-45-75mm ama-rock anchors avuma izithako eziningi. Ukuhamba kwemvelo yokubhola—kungaba amanzi, i-bentonite slurry, noma izinxephezelo ezisekelwe kumphongolo—kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bemifantu, kukhipha izikhala, futhi kuqinisa ezindongeni zeforamu emigodleni ye-granular. Ama-rigs aphezulu afaka ukuhamba okuhlukile kokubhola, ukulungisa amandla okubhola, kanye nezinhlelo zokubheka ubude ezizenzekelayo eziqinisekisa izinga elihlangene lokungena nokuvimbela umonakalo wemishini ngenxa yokuguquka kwezimpahla ezimangalisayo noma kwezikhala. Izicelo zokubhola ngokuhambisana nezindawo ezahlukahlukene ze-geotechnical zifaka phakathi ukuqiniswa kwezimoto zokuhamba nezithuthi zomugqa, ukulungiswa kwezikhukhula ezindaweni eziphakeme, ukwakha izisekelo zezikhungo eziyingozi ngokuhamba kwezitezi, kanye nokwesekwa kokumba okujulile eduze kwezitezi ezingazinzile. Imisebenzi yokumba isebenzisa ukubhola okukhululekile ukuphatha ukujiya kwezitezi, ivimbela ukuhwa kwezigaba nezikhukhula eziyingozi kumarhwebi nomshini. Amaphrojekthi okwakha emadolobheni avame ukusebenzisa izindonga ze-anchor ezenziwe ngemifantu yokubhola ukuze kuqinise izindawo eziphakeme zokwakha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho ukulungisa izindawo zokwakha ezijwayelekile kudinga izindleko eziphezulu. Ukubhola okuphumelelayo kudinga izifundo ezinemininingwane, izinhlelo zokuhlola eziphakathi komhlaba, kanye nemithwalo yokubola ecalculated ngokususelwa ekuhloleni ukuhamba kwezitezi, izici zamandla ezithako nezinsalela, kanye nezimo ezilindelekile zomhlaba. Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokubhola kuncike ezinkambisweni zokuphakama ezifinyelelelekayo, izidingo zendawo ye-anchor—kujwayelekile phakathi kwama-15-50 mita—nezimo zezimali ezikhombisa ukuhamba kwezokubola nezindleko zophrojekthi.