Izinhlaka ze-cluster DTH (down-the-hole) zenza ukufana okuhambisanayo kwemishini yokuphakamisa ngesikhathi sokwakha amaphakheji, lapho ama-DTH hammers amaningi asebenza ngokubambisana ukuze adlulisise amaphakheji emhlabeni. Le ndlela ikakhulukazi iyasebenza ekwakheni izisekelo ezijulile ezimweni ze-geotechnical ezinzima, lapho amandla aphezulu ahlanganisiwe amahammers amaningi akhuphula ukuhamba kwephakheji ngenkathi kugcinwa ukulawulwa kanye nezinga eliqondile. Indlela ye-cluster ivumela abakhiqizi ukuhambisa ukukhiqiza emaphrojekthini amakhulu ezisekelweni ngenkathi bephendukela ezahlukweni ezahlukene zomhlabathi, ukusuka ezMaterial eziyi-granular eziqine kuye ezikhalweni ze-clay eziqinile ezibhekana neziphindaphindayo ezinzima ezimethodhi zokufakwa kwe-hammer eyodwa. Ukwakhiwa kwephakheji okusebenzisa ama-hammers e-cluster DTH kufaka phakathi ukudonsa amaphakheji ensimbi phansi ngokuqinile, kushiya umhlabathi ezikhaleni nasemhlabeni njengoba iphakheji ihamba emhlabeni. Le ndlela yokuphakamisela ikhiqiza umphumela omkhulu wokuxhumana nokuqina, ikakhulukazi ezimithini ezihlangene nezihlanganisiwe lapho ukuphazamiseka nokuphindaphinda komhlaba ozungezile kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwephakheji. Izilawuli ze-cluster ivamise ukuhlanganisa ama-hammers e-DTH amaningi asebenza ngaleso sikhathi noma kwi-sequences ehlelekile, efakwe kumajikijolo ahlome ngezinsiza ezinzima nezinhlelo zokuhola ezikwazi ukuphatha izidingo zamandla aphezulu kanye nezikhukhula ezihlobene nokusebenza kwe-hammer eyodwa. Imvamisa yokucindezela, amandla okuphazamisa, kanye nengcindezi ye-hammer kucushwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlangabezane nezimo zomhlabathi ezithile, ifom yephakheji, nezidingo zomthwalo wesakhiwo ohlelweni lwezisekelo olwakhiwayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezilawuli ze-cluster DTH zifaka phakathi amaphrojekthi amakhulu we-infrastructure afaka phakathi izivikelo zomgwaqo nezemizila, izisekelo zezimvula, izikhungo zezimboni, kanye nentuthuko ye-high-rise yokuhweba edinga amandla amakhulu okuthwala ezimeni ze-geological ezinzima. Le teknoloji ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kusungulwa amaphakheji amakhulu noma anokwakheka okuqinile emhlabeni okwakhiwe ngezimo ezihlanganisayo, ama-cobbles, iziqhumiso, noma ezinye izinto ezivimbela ezizokwenza izindlela zokuphakela ezijwayelekile zibe nzima. Abakhiqizi bathola izinzuzo zokuhlangabezana nezikhathi zokufakwa kwephakheji ezishesha uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini ye-hammer eyodwa ejwayelekile, izikhathi zokuphothula umphakathi ezinciphile, kanye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwezindleko emaphrojekthini lapho izinhlelo zezisekelo zifaka amamitha ambalwa noma ikhulu lemetre yokuphakela. Indlela ye-cluster iphinde inikeze ukuphindaphinda kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza, ivumela ukuhlela kabusha kwemishini noma ukunciphisa okwesikhashana ukuze kusebenze i-hammer eyodwa uma izimo zomhlaba zidinga ukulungiswa, kuqinisekisa impendulo elungisekile kumashintsho angalindelekile ngaphakathi kokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuphakela.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezinhlelo zeDTH (Down-The-Hole) hammers kube yigatsha elikhethekile lemishini yokuhlotshaniswa ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kanye nokubambelela kokushintsha lapho kudingeka khona ukufaka iziphethu okuphathwa kahle kanye nekhono lokuhola kokuqhuba. Lezi ziqoqo ziqukethe unidads eziningi zeDTH hammers ezihanjiswa ngezinhlaka zeqoqo, zaphakathi, okuvumela abathengisi ukuba bafinyelele ukungena okukhulu nokumisa iziphethu okwamanje ngezimo ze-geotechnical ezinzima. Ukuhlelwa kweqoqo kuphumeza amandla okuphula ezindaweni eziningi zokuxhumana, okwenza le ndlela ikhethekile ngempela ezinqolobaneni ezihlangene zendawo ezihambisana nemishayo, ama-barrettes, kanye nesikhumbuzo sokufaka udonga lapho ukulawula ukuhamba kusebenza khona. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zenziwe ukuze zisetshenziswe ezicelo zokufaka iziphethu kokushintshashintsha kokuhlala ngokuphelele nangaphambi kokuhlala, kuze kube nokushintshashintsha kwezimo zemhlabeni nezidingo zephrojekthi. Indlela yokusebenza yeziqoqo zohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-DTH hammers ifaka ukulethwa kokuphungula kokulandela eqhulwini leziphethu noma umgibeli, kudala ukuhambelana kabusha komhlaba ozungezile ngaphandle kokukhipha okukhulu. Le ndlela yokuhlotshaniswa yokuphunga nekhono lokuhola ivumela imishini ukuba ingene ezinyaweni eziyinqaba ezihlanganisa umhlaba we-sandy, ama-gravel deposits, kanye nezimo ze-clayey eziphakathi nendawo nezivumelanayo ngempumelelo enkulu kunamanye amamethrikhi okuphadla kuphela. Ama-hammers asebenza ngohlelo lwe-compressed air alawula izikhumbuzo ezithuthukisiwe eziletha ukuphula okuphathwa kahle emithonjeni ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ibonisa phakathi kwegazi elingama-1200 kuya kuma-2000 ophula ngomzuzu, kanye namandla okuphula alungiselelwe ukuhambisana nezimo zephrojekthi. Abaqashi bangakwazi ukulungisa izimo zokuhola kuhlanganise nengcindezi, umswakama, kanye nomjikelezo wama-hammer ukuze benze indlela esezingeni umhlaba ezikhathini ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwezinto, okwenza le ndlela ibheke ezitsheni ezitholakalayo. Izicelo zohlobo olujwayelekile lweziqoqo ze-DTH hammer zifaka izinhlelo zokwakha ezisemthethweni nezimboni ezidinga ukufaka iziphethu eziningi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu komhlaba. Lezi zinhlelo ziqinile ezindaweni ezijulile zasemadolobheni lapho izindlela zokubamba iziphuzo zihlanganisa imali yemiphakathi, njengokuhlotshaniswa kwezimoto kwe-rotate kunciphisa ukuzwela okuphakeme ngaphezu kokushaya izipho. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezisekelweni zezinqaba eziphakeme, emisebenzini ye-substructure yeziphakamiso, ezindaweni zemikhiqizo, kanye nezinhlelo zokwenziwa kabusha lapho izakhiwo ezikhona zidinga izindlela ezinokuthula. Ukuhlelwa kweqoqo kuvumela ukufakwa kwezinsizakusebenza ngendlela efanayo noma yokulandelana, kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwezinhlelo ezinezimingcele eziningi zokuthola iziphethu kanti kugcina ukunemba okumelwe kuxhaswe kahle ku-engineering yesakhiwo samanje. Izimo zomhlaba ezifanele kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-DTH hammer yizinsiza ezivundlile, ama-glacial tills, amatshe abushLite, kanye nezindawo eziphakathi kwezinto ezihambisanayo nezincithwayo lapho ukugcina imithombo evulekile kuyotholakala kahle. Ukukhetha imishini ngaphakathi kweqoqo le-DTH elijwayelekile kuhlobene nezidingo zephrojekthi ezIPHUMA, umthwalo owakhiwe, kanye nobunzima bokuhola. Ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa ama-DTH hammers ne-kelly drilling bars, ama-wekha aphhezulu, kanye nezimithombo ezimisiwe ngosuku olujwayelekile, kunezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene eziphakeme ezivela kwizimo ze-50-ton kuya kuma-300-ton. Imishini eyengeziwe ihlanganisa ama-compressor aphezulu, izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwe-slurry, kanye ne-instrumentation yokuhlola izimo zokuhola ezingamathuluzi ahlola usuku lonke azikhumbuza abathengisi ngezimfanelo zokusebenza zomhlaba nekhwalithi yokufaka iziphethu. Ukuqonda kahle nokusebenza kweziqoqo ze-DTH hammers ezijwayelekile kudinga ukwakhiwa komhlaba okufanele kwazekile kanye nokuhlelwa phakathi kwabakhi bezisekelo, abathengisi bokuhola, kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela ihambisana nezimfanelo ezithile zomsebenzi nemfuneko zokusebenza.
Ukukhetha kokudonsa ikhambi lezi zinsiza zokuhamba kwezinqola zezimboni kumasipala ohlangene, kuhilela umkhakha owakhelwe kahle wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile nokwakhiwa komhlaba, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokudonsa nemigudu yokukhipha izikhala. Le msebenzi ihilela ukusebenza kwezinsiza eziningi zokudonsa ezisebenzisa izishayeli ezijulile (DTH) ezihlelwe ngendlela yokuhlanganisa ukudala izikhala ngesikhathi esisodwa, ikakhulukazi ekulungiseleleni izisekelo, ukwakhiwa kwemigudu emikhulu, kanye nezicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Uhlelo lokudonsa lwe-reverse circulation (RC) lukhombisa iziqhathaniso eziphakathi kokudonsa okukhishwe phezulu empipideni yokudonsa ukuze kubuyiswe imfucumfucu yokudonsa, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesampula, kunciphisa ukungcoliswa, futhi kuqinisa ukusebenza kahle kokudonsa ezimo zejoloji ezinzima. Lapho lwenza kube lula kumasampula e-cluster hammer, le teknolojia ivumela abathengisi ukuba basebenze ngokuqondile ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlabathi kanye nezitini, kusuka kubumpofu nemifinyazo kuya ezindaweni ezinzima zamatshe nemigudu elungiswayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza eziningi zokudonsa ezihamba ngasikhathi sinye kuvumela ukuhamba okuqondile, ubukhulu bezikhala, kanye nokulawula okuhle kwe-alingment yokudonsa kanye ne-verticality, okwenza le ndlela ikhethekile kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokwakha izisekelo ezidinga izikhala eziningi ezihambisanayo. Ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kokudonsa kwe-reverse circulation cluster hammer kuhlanganisa ukuhlela kwezinsiza eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinsiza zokudonsa ezikhethekile ezikwazi ukuphatha imikhawulo eminingi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ezithuthukisiwe zezikhala nemishini. Abathengisi bokudonsa abasebenza kulesi sikhala kumele baqondise izinsiza eziningi ze-DTH ezinamaphuzu ahlukanisiwe, balawule izinhlelo zokuqonda ukuhamba kwezithombe, futhi bagcine uzwelo lokuhamba okuqondile ngohlelo olufanele lokukhipha nezinkampani zokuphatha imfucumfucu yokudonsa. Lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziqhamuka kuma-piles amakhulu okudonsa kanye nokulungiselela izisekelo eziphakeme, kuya emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa umhlaba okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwezisekelo zokusebenza eziphansi (CLSM) kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakholamu etafula. Ikhono le-reverse circulation liqhakambisa kakhulu lapho kusebenza endaweni engcolile, lapho ukuhamba okujwayelekile kunga spreadi contaminants, noma ezakhiweni ezingazinzile edinga ukufakwa kwezikhala ngokushesha. Ukukhetha izinsiza kuhlanganisa izinsiza zokudonsa ezinzima ezinamandla okuphakela ayanele, izinkanyezi ze-DTH ezinamandla azilungisiwe ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nezinhlelo eziphelele zokuphuma komoya okuhlanganisa izinkonzo zokwelapha nokuphinda sebenzisa izinsiza. Izicelo zezigidi zokuhamba kwe-reverse circulation cluster hammer ziqhamuka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokwakha nezindinganiso zamaholo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomphakathi, ekwakhiweni kwamakhaya amasha, ezinhlelweni zokwakha ezinzima kanye nezisekelo ezijule nezikhenkethi. Lezi zindlela zokudonsa ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zejoloji lapho ukuhamba okujwayelekile kwe-DTH okudonsa okukodwa kunganele, njengokulungiselela indawo enkulu okudingayo izikhala eziningi zemfundo, noma lapho izimo zomhlaba zidinga ukuhamba okusheshayo okuhlelekile. Lo msebenzi ubalulekile kubaklami bezisekelo abalawula amaphrojekthi anesidingo sokubhala kalula, izimfuneko zekhwalithi yesampula ephezulu, noma izimo zomhlaba ezinzima ezidinga ukulawulwa kokwenza. Ikhono le-reverse circulation cluster hammer limela uhlelo lwezinsiza eziphakeme emsebenzini wezisekelo ezijulile, lidinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bomthengisi, utshalomali bezinsiza ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphathwa kokuphepha ezinhle. Amaphrojekthi asebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokudonsa ezikhethekile azuza ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kokudonsa, ikhwalithi yesikhala ethuthukisiwe, isikhathi sokudonsa esinciphisiwe phakathi kwendawo eziningi zokwakha, kanye nokwakha ikhono eliphezulu lokwenza izinqubo zokudonsa ukuze zisebenze ezichazwe izimo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba nezimo ezihlangene ezingalindelekile.
Izikali zedijithali ze-cluster zimele uhlobo olukhethekile lwezikhungo zokuhlonza izisekelo ezijulile eziklanywe ukuze zandise futhi zilingane nezikhokhelo ezakhiwe yi-cluster DTH hammer assemblies ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwepiling yokudilika. Lezi zinsiza ziyizakhi ezibalulekile emsungumweni wokufaka ama-pile, ikakhulukazi lapho kusebenzelwa nezindlela zokwakha zokudilika ngokuphelele noma okwemuva lapho kudingeka izikhala ezinkulu ukuze zifake izikhala zama-pile ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kokuhamba komhlaba kahle. Inqubo yokuhlonza iqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bezikhala buhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqondile, kuthuthukisa izinga lokufakwa kwepiling kanye nokunciphisa ukumelana kokufaka ngesikhathi sokushaywa. Izikali zedijithali ze-cluster zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezinhlelo zokuhlonza ngokucindezela futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlonza kokuqala kwe-cluster hammer ukuze zifinyelele ubunjalo obudingekayo bendawo yokufaka ama-pile kanye nezakhiwo zokuphakamisa umhlaba. Imisebenzi yokuhlonza kwe-cluster diameter ithinta izimo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi i-sand eqinile, ama-gravel, i-chalk marl, kanye nezakhiwo zomhlaba-nezindlwa lapho izindlela zokufaka ama-pile ezivamile zidinga ukulungiswa kwendawo. Lezi zinsiza zibalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezinezithiyo lapho ukuhamba komhlaba okulinganiselwe ngokuhlonza kunikeza imiphumela engcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho zokuhlonza ezivhume. Inqubo yokuhlonza ivumela abatxhumi ukuthi balawule kahle ukwenyuka komhlaba nokwehla, okubalulekile ezindaweni zokwakha ezisensitivi eziseduze nezakhiwo noma izinto ezisebenzayo. Abasebenzi bezinsiza basebenzisa ama-cluster reamers ukugcina ububanzi bezikhala, ukususa izakhiwo ezingazinzile, nokwakha i-profiles elinganayo yokubanzi evumela ukufaka ama-pile kahle ngenkathi yehlisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba nokukhathazeka kwe-vibration ezindaweni ezizungezile. Izicelo zezikali zedijithali ze-cluster zifinyelela ezindaweni ezinkulu zomphakathi ezifaka izisekelo zezimbozo, iziseko eziphakeme, izikhungo zezimboni, ama-pile amakhanda emoyeni opholile, kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu zokukhangisa. Izincazelo zezingxenye zihluke kakhulu kuye ngenani lamapile alindelwe, ziphakathi kwe-600 millimeters kuya ngaphezulu kwe-1500 millimeters, kanti ukukhetha amathuluzi kuncike ekuthatheni izinga lakho le-rock, amandla okubamba angaphandle, kanye nezinhlaka ezithile zomhlaba ezindaweni zokwakha. Imisebenzi yokuhlonza ivame ukwenzeka ezinhlelweni zokuhlonza eziningi lapho ama-cluster hammers enza izikhala zokuqala, ama-reasters akhula futhi alungisa lezi zikhala, kanti ama-displacement pile hammers alandela ukufaka izakhiwo. Izimo zobuchwepheshe ezifaka ukufaka ingcindezi yokujikijela, isivinini sokujikijela, inani lokucindezela, kanye nokwakheka kwezinto zokugqugquzela kucwaningwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-reaming ngenkathi kuvikelwa umhlaba ozungezile nezinsiza. Abakhi bezobuchwepheshe bayaziwa njengezinketho ezihamba phambili kumasistimu aphelele ejikijela eziphathele ukukhishwa kwepiling ezinhlelweni eziphakathi nendawo kuya ezinzima, behlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, kanye nokuphucula ukubhekelwa kwemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlonza ezinkulu zokujikijela emhlabathini osebenza kahle nasemhlabeni.
Izikhwama zemigodi ziyiindawo ezibalulekile zezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ngemishini ye-percussion ekholelwa ekwakhiweni kokuhamba komhlaba. Ukusebenza njengezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ze-Cluster DTH hammer assemblies, izikhwama zemigodi ziqukethe futhi zivikele i-mechanism ye-percussion enikeza ukuhlinzeka okuphumelelayo kwenqubo yokufaka amaphayili. Ekusebenzeni kokuhamba komhlaba, izikhwama zemigodi zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezicici zamaphayili ne-casings ukuze zifake amaphayili emhlabathini ngenkathi zihudulisa umhlabathi ngokuhlanganyela, okuveza isimo esiyisisekelo se-geotechnical sokuhamba komhlaba okuphelele noma okwengxenye. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukumelana namandla aphakeme e-percussion ngenkathi zigcina ukudluliswa kwamandla okujwayelekile emhlabathini obusebenzile, okwenza kube izinto ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile lapho ukwethembeka nokusebenza kuthinta ngqo izikhathi zephrojekthi nobunjalo bezakhiwo. Ukusebenza kwezikhwama zemigodi ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-Cluster DTH kube nohlelo olujikelezayo lwe-percussion drilling lapho amahhamela amaningi asebenza ndawonye ukuze agrise ukumelana komhlaba futhi afinyelele izindonga zamaphayili eziqondile. Ochwepheshe be-geotechnical bencika ezinhlelweni zemigodi ezibekwe ngaphezu kwemvelo yomhlaba okubandakanya uhlobo lomhlabathi, ubukhulu, ukhuluphala, nezidingo zokuphakamisa. Kumhlabathi ohlelekile njenge-clay ne-silt, izikhwama zemigodi zenza ukushaya okuphumelelayo okwenza kube lula ukuhamba komhlaba nokuhanjiswa kwamaphayili ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla kakhulu. Kumhlabathi okhona njengoshukela nesihlabathi, isenzo se-percussion sezikhwama zemigodi sidala izimo eziphumelelayo zokwakha amazinga amaphayili nokuthuthukiswa kokudluliswa komthwalo. Ukuhlangana kwemva namandla okushaya kwezikhwama zemigodi kudidiyela izinga lokungena nezinga lokwakha phakathi kwephrofayili ze-geological ezihlukeneko, kusuka kumadiphozi okuphansi ukuya kumafomu amabi ajule. Izicelo zobuchwepheshe bezikhwama zemigodi zifaka amaphrojekthi amaningi wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile okubandakanya izakhiwo ezinezitsha ezingaphansi komhlaba, amabhuloho anezisekelo ezijulile, nezinsiza ezisemanzini ezingamaDisplacement Piling ezinikeza ukuzinza kwezakhiwo. Emakhaya wokwakha, izinhlelo ze-Cluster DTH hammer assemblies ezinezingxenye ezikhethekile zemigodi zinikeza izici zokuhamba okuphambili ezinciphisa ukuhamba komhlaba nokuphazamiseka kwenhlangano eziseduze. Amaphrojekthi wezokwakha afana nezikhala zamathunzi, izisekelo ze-retaining wall, nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umhlaba zisebenzisa amandla e-percussion ezikhwama zemigodi ukuze zifeze izinga lokufaka amaphayili okonga ngenkathi zigcina ukufaneleka nokugxila. Ukuxhumeka kwezikhwama zemigodi phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-drilling rig eziphelele kudinga ukuhlela kahle kokuhamba kwamanzi, izinqubo zokushintsha amathuluzi, nokubheka ingcindezi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ezimeni zomhlaba ezihlukeneko. Ukukhethwa nokucaciswa kwemodeli ezikahle zezikhwama zemigodi kufuneka esekelwe kumadiyama akhawunti amaphayili, ukuhlinzwa kwezindonga, izici zokuphakamisa zomhlaba, nezimo ezithile zephrojekthi zokuhlinzwa, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kokuhamba komhlaba kuyafezeka ngempumelelo.
Izinsiza ezitholakele zemishini yokulawula, njengama-hammer ama-cluster angashintshwa, zimele ingxenye ebalulekile emsebenzini we-displacement piling wanamuhla, ikakhulukazi lapho izimo zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga izixazululo eziguquguqukayo nezisebenzayo zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Lezi zinkulumo ziqukethe ama-hammer amaningi okucindezela noma okushayisa asetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngokubambisana, ahambisa amandla ahambelanayo ukuze anqamule imivimbo ehlukeneyo ezindaweni ezinzima. Indlela yokuhlanganisa ama-hammer e-DTH we-cluster ivumela abaklami ukuba bahlangabezane nezinga elijulile lokungena futhi baphumelele ekwehluleni amahlakazweni athambile, izinduku, nezimbangazwe eziphumile kalula kunohlelo lwe-hammer olunye. Leyo mbhekiselo ikakhulu ibalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezikhulukazi lapho imishini yokushaya imivimbo enkulu yendabuko ingasebenzisiwe, okwenza ukuhlela ama-hammer e-cluster kube ukukhetha okuthandwa kakhulu ezinkontini ze-geotechnical eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuvuselelwa kwalobu buciko bama-hammer kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bangagcina ukusebenza okuhamba phambili ngokujwayelekile ngalokho ukuthi baxhuma izingxenye zama-hammer ezintsha ngaphandle kokudinga ukuqhamuka kokungena ngokuphelele, kwehlisa isikhathi sokuphumula nezindleko zokusebenza emaphrojekthini amade. Abakhiqizi bemishini bahlinzeka ngezakhiwo zama-hammer ezihlanganisa kahle ezakhiweni ezikhona ze-rig, zivumela abaklami ukuthi baphinde balungise amakhono abo okuchitha namandla okushayisa ngokuya ngezimo zomhlaba ezithile kanye nezidingo zendlela yokwakha. Imisebenzi ye-displacement piling esebenzisa ama-hammer ama-cluster angashintshwa isebenza phakathi kwezinhlaka ezihlukahlukene zezobunjiniyela bomhlaba, kusuka ezindaweni zasolwandle kuya ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zezakhiwo zomhlaba. Lezi zinhlelo zibhakabhisa ezikhaleni ezihilelekile ezimweni zokhuqhuqhu zehlane ezinezinga eliphezulu lokudlulana, imifanekiso yokuhlanza innkakhulu, kanye nezimo lapho izakhiwo ezithintekayo noma ukugcina izinsalela zomlando kudinga ukuhanjiswa kahle kokugeleza esikhundleni sokukhishwa. Uhlelo lwe-cluster lwenza ukulayisha kwamathuba kube kufanelekile ngokuphumelelayo kunokuhlola okujwayelekile, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana kumashaha ezivunguvungu futhi kukhulisa impilo yemishini. Abasebenzi bahlobisa izikhathi namandla ezihlakala ezahlukene ukuze baqinisekise ukuhamba kokuhanjiswa kwamandla ngenkathi bephatha ukujula komhlaba nezithako ezikhaliphile. Izicelo ezijwayelekile zifaka ubunjiniyela bezisekelo ezisakazwayo, izikhungo zokuphuma, ukwakha amandla omoya, izinhlelo zezimoto, kanye nokuqhuba izitolo zezimboni. Ukuqhumisa kwe-cluster kwenza kube lula kubo bobabili ukuhlinzeka nge-pile ngaphambi kokuzulazula ezindaweni ezithambile kanye nezicelo ezikhethekile kumalayini e-alluvial cemented, izimpande ezisele, nezindawo zedwala eziphukile lapho ukuhamba kwemfundo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izincazelo zobuchwepheshe zama-hammer angashintshwa ama-cluster ziveza izidingo zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile phakathi kwendlela ezehlukene nezifundazwe zomhlaba. Lezi zinyathelo zikhonjwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kwezandla ezikhethekile, zivumela amaqembu emkhakheni ukuthi enze kahle ukugqekezwa futhi agcine imvamisa yokuhlasela eqhubekayo phakathi kwemikhankaso yokusebenza. I-modularity ye-cluster ivumela abaklami ukuba balungise inani lama-hammer kanye namandla e-hammer aphusile ukuze ahambisane nesikhathi sokushaya, izikhala zokuphikisana komhlaba, nezinga lokungena okulungile. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuhlola zanamuhla kuvumela ukulandela isikhathi sangempela sokubeka ukuphayela, impendulo yomhlaba, nezinga lokusebenza kwemishini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezincwadi zezikali nezindinganiso zokwakha. Izinhlelo zokugcinwa kwemishini ye-hammer e-cluster eyashintshwa zigxile ekuhwebeni okujwayelekile, nezingxenye ezifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwezinyathelo ezahlukene ze-rig nababhakabhisi bezisekelo. Le ndlela yokuhlela kwemishini kanye nezindlela zokugcinwa kuyahlupha ithi kungani ama-hammer ashintshwayo e-cluster abe ubuchwepheshe obusemqoka emisebenzini ye-piling ngobuchwepheshe eYurophu, e-Asia-Pacific, nasezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika lapho ubunjiniyela bezisekelo ezijulile buhloswe khona ngokuqinisekisa, ukuhambelana, kanye nomhlahlandlela ophumelelayo.
Iziphumo zokuphonsela okukhululiwe ezingashintshwa ziwumgogodla obalulekile emisebenzini yokuphonsa evuthayo yanamuhla, zivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphonse kalula emhlabeni onzima nakwiqhulfi ngesikhathi begcina ukulawula kahle ukujula nokuthiwa kwezinsika. Lezi zici ezikhethekile zokuphonsa zisebenza njengengxenye yezinhlaka zokuhlanganyela ze-DTH hammer, zithumela amandla okuphusha aphindaphindiwe ukuphula nokuphakamisa izingxenye zomhlabathi ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukuklama okungashintshwa kwalawa ma-bits kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kanye nokonga izindleko, kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bashintshe ama-bits adlula noma alimele ngaphandle kokudinga ukubuyiselwa ngokuphelele kwe-hammer noma isikhathi eside sokuphumula. Le ndlela ye-modular isibe ibalulekile kubaklami bezisekelo abaphatha izimo zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene, kusuka kumaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa edolobheni anezikhala ezilinganiselwe kuya ezikhungweni zezimboni ezinkulu ezidinga izinhlelo zokusekelwa ezijulile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabiti okushintshwayo ezikhathini zokuphonsa okujolile ngokuvamile kwenzeka emisebenzini yokuphonsa lapho izinsika zomhlabathi eziphilile kufanele ziqiniswe futhi zishintshwe ngaphezulu kunezokukhipha emgodini. Abakhi babiza lezi zinhla ngokuhlanganyela namathuluzi amakhulu okuphonsa afakwe ngezikhungo zamandla ezihambayo ze-hydraulic ezikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla okuphusha aqhubekayo adingekayo ekuhlinzekeni ngokusebenza kahle kweqhwa nendawo ethile yomhlabathi. Ukucushwa kwe-cluster kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphonsa ngokwabiwa komthwalo phakathi kwama-elama-hammer amaningi, kukhiqiza izinga eliphezulu lokugqashuka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ze-hammer eyodwa kanti kunciphisa umjikelezo futhi kuqinisa indlela yokuphonsa. Ezinhlelweni ezihilela umhlaba omkhulu, ama-deposits ahlanzekile, kanye ne-bedrock efanele, amandla aphephuliwe akhiqizwa ngabiti ze-cluster hammer akha isenzo sokugaya esiqhubekayo nesigxile ekudluliseni impahla yokwakha, kwenza izinsika ezizinzile ezinekhono elibonakalayo lokuphakamisa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe bamabiti okuthola ezishintshwayo zibandakanya yonke inqubomgomo yokuhlonza izisekelo ezijulile, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwezinsika eziphakeme, ukuphonsa emanzini ezikhplatform, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umhlaba ezidinga izinsika ezinkulu. Abaklami bezisekelo bacebisa lezi zinhlelo ezisebenzayo ezihilela i-geology enzima lapho izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuphonsa ezijikayo zibonakala zingasebenzi kahle noma zingaphatheki, njengama-deposits akhulu, ama-formations e-laterite, kanye nezindawo zokudlulela phakathi komhlabathi nezimfunda. Imecha yokuphonsa yama-percussive ibonakala ikakhulukazi isebenza kahle emhlabathini ogcwalisiwe lapho ukusimama komhlaba okukhona emhlabeni ophakanyiswe phezulu kufanele kugcinwe ngaphandle kokuhlala okukhulu noma ukuhamba ngaphezulu. Abakhi abakhethekile abenza ama-hammer assemblies e-cluster DTH basebenza kumaphrojekthi wokwakha adinga ukubekwa noma ukuxhuma okuqondile, izikhathi zokuhamba ezisheshayo, nezixazululo ezijulile ezihlonziwe ngaphakathi kwezibopho zokuhlelwa kokuncintisana.
Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa nokuqeda amathuluzi wezinhlelo ze-cluster DTH hammer limelela umphakathi ophambili obalulekile ekwenzeni okokwakha okungaphansi kokuthungatha kwamasondo. Izinhlelo ze-cluster DTH (down-the-hole) zisebenza ngemishini eminingi yokubhoboza ethungathwe ngendlela ehambisanayo ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga aphezulu okungena kanye nezici zokuxhunywa komhlaba ngesikhathi sokufaka amasondo. Ukuhlanganiswa nokuqedwa kwalezi zinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe kudinga amathuluzi anembile kanye nezinqubo ezihlelelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlela kahle, ukuxhumana okuqinile kwezimoto, kanye nokusebenza kwehamma okuhambisanayo. Lezi zinhlelo ezikhethekile zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuthungatha ezesimanje, lapho ukunembile kokuhlelwa kwesistimu kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yamapali, isivinini sokufaka, nezomnotho zomsebenzi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezobuchwepheshe. Imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe edingekayo ekwakhiweni nasekuphumeleleni kwemishini ye-cluster DTH hammer ihlanganisa izinqubo ezibalulekile: ukuphathwa kokuxhumana kwezinsika, ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlela kwez tubo, indawo ye-hammer head, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-drive train. Amathuluzi abalulekile kulokhu kufaka phakathi amathambo anamathela aphakeme ukuze aqinise ukugxila nokuqhubeka, ama-casing drive shoes nezigubhu zokuhlela nokuqinisekisa ukuhlela kwez tubo, imishini yokukhipha noku reinstall hammer, ukuphathwa kwezintambo nezinsiza zokuhlola, kanye nezinsiza zokukala ezinembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe izincazelo zokuxhumana nokwakheka kokuhlanganiswa. Ukuhamba kohlobo lokuhlanganiswa kudinga ukucophelela ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwezintambo, ukulinganiswa kwamakhasimende, kanye nesikhathi sokuhambisana kwehamma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke imishini yokubhoboza ngaphakathi kwe-cluster ikhipha amandla ahambisanayo emhlabeni. Izinqubo zokuhlanganiswa zidinga amathuluzi akhethekile akhiphayo kanye nemishini yokuphatha ukuze kuhlukaniswe izakhiwo ngokuvikelekile ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqotho bezintambo nezindawo zokubhoboza, njengoba ukuxhumana okonakele kuhlisa ukufakwa okuzayo nokunciphisa impilo yesevisi yemishini. Izinhlelo ze-cluster DTH hammer zisebenza kahle ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlabathi naphakathi kwezimo zomhlaba ezinzima, okubandakanya izinto ezinamathiselwe, izigodi ezimfushane, izakhi zomhlabathi ezihlangene, nezifunda zemifula ezidonsela kwesikhalazo sokwakha. Lezi zinhlelo zokubhoboza eziningi zisebenza kahle ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa lapho amandla ahlangene akha ukugcotshwa komhlaba okuhle nezilinganiso zokugcinwa kokufaka emzimbeni wamasondo afakwe, okwakha izinzuzo ezitholakele zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Emaphakheni okungatholakali njengama-deposits amsandleni afudumele kanye nezendlalelo ze-silt, izinhlelo ze-cluster zikhombisa ukungena okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuhlala kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe ikhono lokuphatha elichazwe kanye nemigomo yokuhlanganyela. Umphakathi wezinhlaka zokuhlanganisa nokuqeda amathuluzi okukhuthaza izinqubo ze-cluster DTH uvumela ukuhleleka okusheshayo kwesistimu nokugcinwa, okuvumela abaphakeli bezindonga ukuthi baphendule izinqubo zokwakha ukuze kuphendulwe kumadwaleni ahlukene, ububanzi bokufaka, nezimo ze-geotechnical ezithile zendawo eziphambene nezelula ezihlukene.
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