Amabhakede weKhonkrit

Ukuhlangana kokuphakamisa i-concrete kuyinsizakalo ebalulekile esezingeni elijulile yokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela be-geotechnical, evumela ukufakwa kwe-concrete ngokunembile ezimweni ezinzima zomhlaba lapho izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuphakamisa zingasebenzi noma zingakwazi. Ezenzakalweni zokuphilayo ezijulile, izinhlelo zokuphakamisa i-concrete ziletha i-concrete enamandla okuphezulu ngokuqondile ezikhumulweni ze-pile, ezikhethiwe, nakuwoyili aboshelwe, ngezinga lokuhamba elilawulwayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuncane, kuqinisekisa ukuzanisa kwe-concrete okufanele kuwo wonke amele omhlaba. Le ndlela ibalulekile kakhulu kwi-piles ezinezinyosi ezinkulu, i-secant piles, kanye nokuqanjwa komnyama lapho ukufakwa kwe-concrete okwenziwa ngesisu kuzokwakha izikhala, kunciphise ukuvikeleka kwesakhiwo, futhi kushintshise amandla wokuthwala. Abakhi bethembele ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zokuphakamisa i-tremie, izindlela zokuphakamisa nokubeka, kanye nezixubho ze-concrete eziphansi ezikhethelwe izimo zomhlaba ukuze bagweme ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic, ukungena kwamanzi, kanye nezinkinga zokuzinza komhlaba ezihambisana nezikhala ezijulile nomsebenzi wezokwakha emanzini. Inqubo yokuphakamisa i-concrete ekuhlinzekeni izisekelo ihlanganisa ukuhlela kwemishini okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisa amathrekhi aphezulu okuphakamisa i-concrete, am pipe e-tremie, izinhlelo ze-hopper, kanye nokuhlola ingcindezi okwenziwa endaweni ukuze kugcinwe ukubonwa kwe-real-time kwamazinga e-concrete nentuthuko yokufakwa. Ezisekelweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ukwakhiwa kwe-submarine caisson, kanye nezicelo ze-tidal zone, ukuphakamisa i-concrete nge-tremie tubes kugwema ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla wokwakha nokuqina kwe-concrete. Abakhi kumele bacabangele isikhathi sokulethwa kwe-concrete, izinga lokuhamba, izidingo zokuphonswa, kanye nezinga lempilo ye-vertical elihlukile ngokuya ngDepth ye-pile, izimo zamanzi omhlabathi, kanye namandla okuthwala omhlaba. Izindlela advanced ezifana ne-self-consolidating concrete (SCC) pumping, i-controlled low-strength material (CLSM) placement, kanye ne-post-grouting operations zengeza ezinhlelweni zokufakwa kwe-concrete eziyisisekelo futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza komhlaba ezimweni zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi okuhlanganisa i-clays ethambile, silts, kanye nemsand. Iprojekthi ezijulile zokuqasha izinsizakalo zokuphakamisa i-concrete zihlanganisa i-auger cast piles, i-continuous flight auger (CFA) installations, i-rotary bored piles, i-mini-piles enokuhlanganiswa kwe-grout, izenzakalo zokuphakamisa, kanye nezicelo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-micropile head caps kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-cap ye-pile ezingeni lomhlaba. Abakhi bakhetha ukuphakamisa i-concrete njengendlela yokulethwa lapho baphatha ukufakwa okujolile okuphezulu, kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-concrete emanzini omhlaba, kuthuthukisa umsindo nokudlidliza ezindaweni zedolobha, noma ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokwakha ebanzi. Imithetho yezobuchwepheshe yokuphakamisa i-concrete—kufaka phakathi ukuphakama kwe-concrete, ukusikhipha kwe-aggregate, ubudlelwano bamanzi ne-cement, ukukhetha kwezengezo, kanye namandla okuphuma—kuphawula ngokuqondile ikhwalithi ye-foundation, izici zokuhamba, kanye nokuphepha kwesakhiwo kwesikhathi eside. Ukuqashwa kwemishini, ubuchwepheshe bemishini, kanye nezinhlaka ezihambisanayo nabakhi bezikhala kanye nabakhi bezakhiwo ziyizici ezibalulekile zokuqhuba kahle kokulethwa kwezisekelo ezijulile, okwenza izinsizakalo zokuphakamisa i-concrete kube isisekelo sabakhi abachwepheshile be-piling kanye nezakhiwo ze-geotechnical eziqhuba emhlabeni ohlukahlukene futhi kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene.