Izingcazi zempahla

Amadesilta uwumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu emakethe yokuphathwa kwe-slurry esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezijulile kanye nemisebenzi ye-geotechnical engineering. Lezi zinyathelo eziqondiwe zisebenza ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esibanzi sokug drilling nezinhlelo zokufaka izitini, lapho ukuhanjiswa kwefluid okuhlinzekwe kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwe-borehole nokuvikela ubuqotho bezakhi. Inqubo yokususa i-silt ibandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini kwemicu emincane—ikakhulukazi i-silt ne-clay—ukuveza i-drilling slurry, elingana nokuqhubeka ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwamaborehole anobukhulu obukhulu, izindonga ze-diaphragm, kanye nezisekelo ze-caisson. Ngokunciphisa isigaba sokuba khona kwe-ultrafine solids ku-slurry, amadesilta avumela ukuphinda kusetshenziswe i-drilling fluid, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokungcola kwemvelo ngenkathi kugcinwa izakhiwo ze-rheological ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusekelwa kwe-borehole okusindayo. Ezimpendulweni ezijulile, i-drilling slurry isebenza njengemishini eyinhloko yokugcinwa kwe-boreholes ekugwenyeni nasekugcineni iphutha lokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic emathansini anokugcwalisa nakuma-conditions apholile. Njengoba umkhandi ehamba ngezinkambu ezahlukene ze-geological—kuhlanganisa i-sand, i-gravel, i-clay, i-silt, kanye nedwala elishaywe nguTshayel—isikhumbuzo somsebenzi sihlala sikhula ngaphakathi kwe-slurry ehamba phambili. Amadesilta asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-hydrocyclone noma izinhlelo zokuhlunga eziphakanyisiwe ukuze ahlukanise ukusatshalalisa kwezingxenye kahle, enza ukuhoxiswa kwemithwalo emincane ngenkathi egcina ukuhambe okungama-weighted noma i-bentonite enobuningi efanele ukusekelwa kwezindonga. Imishini ihambisa i-slurry ngezilinganiso ezivamile ezibhalwe ukusuka ku-50 ukuya ezinkundleni eziningi zebhasi, kuye ngezinga lephrojekthi nezimo zomhlabathi ezitholakele. Lezi zinyathelo zokwelapha zugcina izinga le-slurry isikhathi eside sokuhamba komsebenzi ophakeme, okubaluleke kakhulu ezifundweni ezinkulu zokwakha njengezokwakhiwa kwemetro, umsebenzi wezisekelo zezindonga, kanye nokuhlanza izakhiwo eziningi lapho ukwakhiwa kuqhubekela phambili kumaholide amaningi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene nezifundo ze-geological. Ukukhethwa nokusetshenziswa kwamadesilta kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezibalulekile ezihlanganisa ivolumu elindelekile yesimangalo, izimo ze-geological, ukujula kokug drilling, kanye nezincazelo eziphezulu zeborehole. Abakhiqizi bezisekelo abasebenza ezindaweni ezingenamathambo, ezakhiweni ezinzima noma ezisingathwe zihlangana kumele bacacise umthamo wamadesilta ukuze ufinyeleleke ubungako bokusebenza kwe-drilling futhi ugcine izakhiwo ze-slurry ngaphakathi kwemingcele evumelekile yokukwazi okufanelekile. Izinhlelo eziphathekayo zokuhlanza i-desilting zisebenza ngendlela eyenziwe ngemicimbi yokuphathwa kwe-slurry ezibandakanya ama-tank we-mud, ama-centrifuge, kanye nezinye izinsiza zokuhlukanisa, kudala izixazululo ezihambisanayo zokuphathwa kwe-fluid. I-slurry ethola amandla ingabuyiselwa izikhathi eziningi ngamasistimu okwelapha, ikwandisa impilo ye-fluid kanye nokunciphisa izindleko jikelele zephrojekthi. Ukuhamba kahle kwamadesilta kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo mayelana nokungcoliswa kokufunwa, kunciphisa ivolumu yokukhipha, futhi kugcina izimo zokubhoboza ezivamile ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaka kahle amaphila namaphia. Izicelo zobuchwepheshe bamanzi zibandakanya zonke izindlela ezinkulu zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezijulile, kuhlanganisa i-rotary bored piles, izinhlelo ze-continuous flight auger, ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka i-caisson. Nokho ukuphathwa kwe-slurry kokusebenza kokwakha izisekelo ezincane noma ezimbonini zokwakha ezinkulu ekhuluma ngezimo ezinzima zomhlaba, amadesilta ayinjini ewusizo ezitsheni zokwakha zesikhathi samanje. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kuhlelo oluhlelwe kahle lokuphathwa kwe-slurry kuqondile kudinga ukusebenza, ukulawula izindleko, kanye nokuhambisana kwemvelo ezindaweni eziningi zokwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezijulile.