Ukukhipha amanzi emhlabeni kuyinqubo ebalulekile kwi-geotechnical engineering ekhipha amanzi enhlabathi ezindaweni zokwakha, indawo zokuqhwashisa, kanye nezindawo zokwakha izisekelo ukuze kudalwe izimo eziqinisekisiwe nezomile ezidingekayo ukuze kufakwe izisekelo ezijulile, ukusebenza kokushaya ama-pile, kanye nezinqubo zokuvuselela umhlabathi. Emikhakheni yokwakha ngaphansi, ikakhulukazi leyo ehileleka ezisekelweni ezijulile, ekushayeni ama-pile, kanye nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa umhlaba, ukulawula amazinga amanzi emhlabathini kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza komhlabathi, kuvinjwe ukuhluka komhlaba, kuncishiswe ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic, futhi kuqinisekiswe izindawo eziphephile zokusebenza zabasebenzi nezinsiza. Ukukhipha amanzi kubaluleke kakhulu emathafeni anamanzi, ezindaweni ezineziqongo zokunisela, nasezindaweni lapho imvula noma ukusondela emanzini aphansi kungalimaza ikhwalithi yokwakha izisekelo kanye nokwaziswa kwezakhiwo. Inqubo yokukhipha amanzi isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene nezindlela eziklama ngokuya ngezimo zokuhamba kwamanzi ezithile, izici zomhlabathi, kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha amanzi zifaka phakathi izinhlelo ze-wellpoint, ezisebenzisa izithombe ezibhalwe emzileni ukuze zinciphise kancane isithombe samanzi; amawells wokukhipha amanzi ajulile akhipha amanzi emhlabathini ephakamiswe noma endaweni ephakathi; ukusika, okubamba futhi kukhiphe amanzi kusuka ezinqolobaneni zokwakha kusetshenziswa amapompo e-centrifugal noma e-positive displacement; nezinhlelo zamawell ezikhipha amanzi ezisebenza ezijulile. Lezi zindlela zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezindonga zokugcina, izindonga ze-diaphragm, noma ama-curtains ama-sheet pile ukuze kulawulwe ukugeleza kwamanzi nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi emakhaya okwakha. Ukukhetha impahla yokukhipha amanzi kuncike ezintweni ezilindelekile zamavolumu amanzi, izinga lokuphakela, isikhathi somsebenzi, kanye nezimo zokuhamba kwamanzi, ngamapompo atholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, amapompo e-turbine, kanye namapompo akhethekile e-grouting nakwi-flushing anikela ngempumelelo ethembekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokwakha izisekelo. Ukusebenza kokukhipha amanzi kubalulekile emaphrojekthi okushaya ama-pile, ekuhloleni okwenziwe amakhi, ukufakwa kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlanza okujulile lapho izimo zomhlaba ezigcwele amanzi zingavimbela ukusebenza okufanele kwezinsiza, kunciphise amandla okuthwala ama-pile, noma kusebenzise kahle ukusebenza kwezemvelo komhlaba. Emhlabathini owandisiwe njenge-clay nokuqhwa, ukukhipha amanzi kunciphisa ingcindezi yamanzi ezindaweni futhi kukhuphule amandla okuphikisana, kuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuhlangana komhlabathi ezindaweni ezibekwe ama-pile. Kwemhlabathi ehlanganisayo efana nesand, ne-gravel, ukukhipha amanzi okusebenza kahle kuvinjwa ukuvuthwa, ukuvuthwa kwezimpushana, kanye nezimo zokuphakama ezisongela ukukhophuka kokwakha kanye nokusebenza kwezisekelo. Izicelo zibandakanya ukudalwa kwedolobha, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuqhuba, izakhiwo zokupaka ezingaphansi, izisekelo zebhuloho, kanye nezikhungo zezimboni lapho ukulawulwa kwamanzi emhlabathini kuthinta ngqo uhlelo lwephrojekthi, ukusebenza kwezindleko, kanye nokuhambisana nezokuphepha. Ukuhola kahle ukukhipha amanzi kunciphisa imithelela emvelweni ngokuphuma okulawulwayo, ukufakwa kwe-sediment, kanye nezinqubo zokwelapha amanzi ezihambisana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwamanzi surface nokuphinda kuhlangane neziqhingi.
Ukukhipha amanzi nge-wellpoint kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezinsika ezijulile kanye nemiphumela ye-geotechnical lapho ukwehliswa kwesigaba samanzi kuyadingeka. Le ndlela isebenzisa uchungechunge lwamawell amancane, ngokuvamile angama-50-100mm, afakwa phezulu ukuze akhishwe amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngesistimu. I-system ye-wellpoint ibandakanya amawell athile axhunyiwe ngama-header pipes kwi-pump unit eyinhloko, idala inethiwekhi efanelekile yokukhipha amanzi ngokuphathelene. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokushaya, ekwakhiweni kwamaka, ekwakhiweni kwemigodi, nakwezinhlelo zokubuyisela lapho ukujula kwezimayini kudlula isigaba semvelo samanzi noma lapho ukwehluka kwesiz季kusha kwezincwadi zensiza ezinobungozi emsebenzini. Inqubo yokukhipha amanzi ye-wellpoint ibandakanya ukufaka amawell axhunywe eduze emkhathini wezwe lapho kuqedwe khona, ngokuvamile ukuhamba phakathi kuka-1.5 kuya ku-3 metres kuye ngamathuba okubola kanye nezinga lokuhlunga elidingekayo. Izinhlelo ze-wellpoint ezihlomekileyo zingafinyelela ubujamo bokukhishwa bama-4 kuya ku-6 metres kusukela esigabeni esisodwa, kanti izinhlelo eziningi zika-8 metres zenza kube lula ukukhipha amanzi ezingeni elingakanani. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabathini ongasondelene nephakathi osemhlophe ngemuva kwemithombo esemkhathini okungokwemvelo, nakuba imishini ethile nendlela yokusebenza ingashintshwa ukuze ifanele umhlabathi ophakathi. Imishini esetshenziselwa imisebenzi ye-wellpoint ibandakanya amapompo asephakeme, ama-header pipes, ama-unit we-vacuum, nezitsha zokukhipha amanzi, kanye nemishini yokubeka ilivela ukuzokalandela izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokuqhuba kwesistimu. Ozakwethu bakhethile izinhlelo ze-wellpoint ngokuya ngohlobo lomhlaba, izici zokuhlunga, ubukhulu bokukhulula obudingekayo, indawo yokumhlophe, isikhathi sephrojekthi, nezidingo zomthetho zokuphathwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Izenzo zokukhipha amanzi nge-wellpoint zihlala ziqhakambisa ezindaweni eziningi zokwakha ngaphakathi komkhakha ongu-engineering foundation. Izinhlelo zokuhlobisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinsika eziyisiqhingi nezinjini, zihlanganiswa ngezinhlelo ze-wellpoint ukuze zigcine izimo zokusebenza ezomile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamathuba amancane amaza angaphansi omhlaba. Ukukhululwa kwamagodi ngaphansi kwesigaba samanzi kuzuza ekulawuleni izinga lamanzi ngendlela eqinile evimbela ukujula, izimo ezibuhlungu, nezingozi zokuhamba komhlabathi. Imisebenzi yokubuyisela kanye nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba ivame ukuba nezicelo zokukhipha amanzi ukuze kulungiswe umhlaba, ukugcinwa kwendawo, noma izinyathelo zokucindezela. Izinhlelo ezijulile ze-marine nezamanzi zisebenzisa izinhlelo ze-wellpoint ukuze zilawule imithombo yokucindezela ebuhlungu nasemnqamulweni emidwebeni ethile. Le ndlela ihlanganisa kahle nezinye izindlela zokugcina umhlaba ezifana ne-sheet piling, izindonga ze-diaphragm, kanye namawell ajulile, ixhasa izinhlelo eziphelele zokuphatha amanzi ezindaweni. Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ze-wellpoint kudinga ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola amanzi, imishini yomhlaba, kanye ne-engineering yokwakha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawula amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kahle ngenkathi kuncishiswa ukudlula, ukumiswa, nezimpempe zemvelo. Ozakwethu bezobuchwepheshe bahlola izimo zomhlaba ezithile naphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuhlola ezisebenza kahle zokuhlola ukufaneleka kokuhamba kwemithombo ye-wellpoint, abantu abafanelekile, kanye nezicelo ezisebenzelayo. Ukuhambisana nemigomo yemvelo mayelana nokuphuma kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukulawula uthuli, kanye nezidingo zamavoti okufaka amanzi kuyadingeka ukuze kube khona impumelelo yephrojekthi. Ukuhlonishwa kwezinhlelo ze-wellpoint ekulawuleni amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile kumagatsha akhiqiza imisebenzi yokwakha okujulile ezimweni ezinzima zokuhlola amanzi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ductor kanye ne-ejector zihlanganisa izixazululo ezikhethekile zokukhipha amanzi ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemigqa ejulile kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa umhlaba lapho izindlela zokulawula amanzi ezingaphansi zikhombisa ukuba nezinkinga noma zingasebenzi kahle. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa amanzi anezinga eliphezulu noma imijovo yomoya eqinile ukuze zikhuphule ama-particle wombuso zikhahlele umhlabathi futhi ziwuhambise ngophahla lwemigqa ngesikhathi esifanayo zenza ukusizakala kokukhipha amanzi. Umqondo wokuwina ubalulekile ngokuqondisa umswakama owencishisiwe ngaphezu komoya ngokusebenzisa imiphongolo ekhethekile eyakhelwe ukudala izindawo ezingaphansi kwesimanga, ikhombe amanzi aphakathi nemizila ethunyelwe phezulu nasemanzini. Le msebenzi emibili ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukususa umhlabathi nokukhipha amanzi ezimo ze-geotechnical eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-ductor kanye ne-ejector bukhula ezindaweni eziningi zokwakhiwa kwemigqa ejulile nezokwakha umhlaba lapho izindlela zokukhipha amanzi zendabuko zibonisa ukuncika. Emazweni athambile, ezakhiweni zama-silt, kanye nemiphongolo enama-grain amancane lapho izinhlelo zokubona amanzi ezansi noma izindlela zokukhipha amanzi ezisebenzayo zidinga ukuncishiswa, izinhlelo ze-ductor zikhombisa ukusebenza okwandisiwe nokuguquguquka. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekulungiseleleni izimbobo zemigqa ye-casson, ukufakwa kwemiyalo ye-diaphragm, kanye nokushaya amaphayela amakhulu, lapho ukulawula amanzi kuqhubekela phambili kubalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe bunesimo sokuhumusha umhlaba esihlukahlukene, kusukela kuhlanga ne-silt kuya kumsandla omncane, benza kube lula ukuhambisana nezimo ze-geo-logic ezitholakala emsebenzini wokwakha eGoli nasemanzini. Iziphuzo ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ductor zihlanganisa amaphampu e-jetting asebenza ngaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu anezikhwama ezingama-500 kuya kwama-2,000 amalitha ngomzuzu, imiphongolo ye-ductor ekhethekile ezimbonini ezihlukene, izinhlelo zokuphuma, kanye nezinqwaba zokwehlisa umthwalo wokukhipha umhlanga. Abakwa-fondation bakhetha izimfuneko zezinsiza ngokwekhulu lemigqa ye-penetration, amaphesenti okuthola, nezici zomhlabathi. Ukufakwa okujwayelekile kuhilela ukudraya noma ukusebenzisa imigqa yokufinyelela kuzinga elithile ngaphambi kokubeka imiphongolo ye-ductor, ngenkathi umthamo wamaphampu nemishayo yokucindezela ilungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufinyelela emhlabathini nasemanzini. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kokukhipha amanzi kufaka phakathi ukujwayelela izinga lamanzi, ukuhlola isivinini, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokukhanya ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo ezizinzile zendawo ngaphakathi komjikelezo wezokwakha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-ductor kanye ne-ejector ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokwakha umhlaba ezithuthukisiwe kudinga abantu abanekhono abazi indlela yokuhlola izindawo ze-geotechnical, indlela yokuziphatha kwamanzi, kanye nokukhetha ukuhlela izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi. Iziphakamiso ezihlanganisa lolu chungechunge sekufinyelela ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni eziyashesha, ukujolisa izimbobo ekuchitheni, kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokwehlisa uma izakhiwo ezisemqoka zikhona. Izicelo zanamuhla zikhombisa ukugxila okukhulu ekuhambisaneni nezimo zemvelo nokuphathwa okuhle kokukhipha, zidinga ukuhlanganiswa nezithintelo zokuhlukaniswa kwesikhumba, ukwelapha amanzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ezinzile. Kubakhiqizi bemigqa ejulile kanye nochwepheshe bokwakha umhlaba, ubuchwepheshe be-ductor bumele isixazululo esiqinisekisiwe, esiguquguqukayo sokuphatha izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhipha amanzi ngenkathi ugcinwa izinhlelo zokusebenza nezindinganiso eziphezulu zokwakha.
Izinsiza zokukhipha amanzi ezinyangeni zifaka amathuluzi ahlukile nezinhlelo ezisebenziselwa ukulawula amanzi omhlaba kanye nezimo zamanzi ezingezansi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesisekelo esijulile, amaphrojekthi okuphucula umhlaba, kanye nezinhlelo ezinkulu zokuhlola. Ngemibono yokuh工程和地质工程，水位控制是确保土壤条件稳定、预防坡度失效、以及在深处创造安全工作环境的关键控制措施。 Izinsiza zokuncedisa zisho ithuluzi elisekelayo elihlanganisa imishini yokukhipha amanzi eyinhloko, kuhlanganise nemishini yokuhlola, izinhlelo zokupompa ezengeziwe, izimbobo zokukhulula, kanye nezobuchwepheshe bokulawula amanzi omhlaba ok保持条件 optimal ngesikhathi sokufaka isisekelo, izinhlelo zokuphakamisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Lezi zinhlelo ziba nokubaluleka lapho ithempeli leziwula lempilo liphakama ngaphezulu kwezinhlelo zokuhlola noma lapho izimo zamanzi aphakeme zikhathaza ukuvikeleka kwezinsimbi ezicwengele, amawasha e-diaphragm, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemabula. Ugbanga lobuchwepheshe bezinsiza zokukhipha amanzi zenzeka ngepiezometers kanye nezimbobo zokubuka ukuze kube nokuhlola okunengqondo kwe-hydrogeological, ama-sump pumps kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezitholakala ngendlela yokuhamba amanzi ezindaweni zokuhlola, izimbobo zokukhulula ezinciphisa ingcindezi yamanzi ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezichithwa kumazinga amanzi omhlaba angafinyeleli kumathuluzi azinzile. Izinsiza ezingeziwe zifaka ama-screens aphumayo wokucubungula ama-slurry, amayunithi okwelapha amanzi okukhishwa, kanye nezobuchwepheshe zokukhipha amanzi ezitholakala emithonjeni ehambisanayo lapho ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okwehla kunganele. Izimo zomhlaba zihluka kakhulu ezindaweni zokwakha izisekelo; izinsiza zokuncedisa kumele zikhuphule ku-clay deposits ezinamandla aphansi, izendlalelo zensimu ezigcwele amanzi, izinhlanga eziphathekayo ezingakhishwa, kanye nezinqwaba ezixubile ezidinga izindlela zokukhipha amanzi ezihambisanayo. Ukusetshenziswa kuqala kusuka ekuxhaseni ukufakwa kwama-rigs ama-bored pile kanye nezinsiza zokuganga ezinqala ezidinga izimo ezilungile zomhlaba, ukuze kuvumeleke ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ezijulile kanye nezimboni ezibhalwe, lapho ukungena kwamanzi kungaphazamisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo nokuphepha kwabantu abasebenza. Ukukhethwa kwezinsiza kusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlola ye-hydrogeological, izimo zokuhamba kwamanzi, ukusakazeka kwezinto zomhlabathi, kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola. Abathengisi kanye nabaklami bezobuchwepheshe baveza izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezisizayo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, behlanganyela nezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi eziphakeme ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubekela phambili nokusebenza okuqhubekayo phakathi nokwakhiwa. Ezimweni eziyinkinga ezifana nezikliniki ze-artesian, izinjongo ezinzima eziningi, noma ezindaweni ezinezinselelo zokushintsha imali yamanzi, izinsiza zokuncedisa zibonisa ukuwela ukuhamba kwezindlela zokulawula amanzi angase athinte izithombe zomhlaba. Ukukhipha amanzi okwenziwe kahle kuvikela ukwehliswa komhlaba emaphakathini, kuvikela imisebenzi esivele ikhona ekuphepheni, futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokungenisa kwamanzi okuzobanga ukulawula, ukuganga, noma ukufaka imithombo yokucisha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza zokukhipha amanzi ezengeziwe ezinhlelweni ezihambisanayo zokulawula umhlaba kusiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sokuhlinzeka ngamasu esisekelo ahlakaniphile ngenkathi kugcinwa imithetho eqinile yokuphepha ezindaweni eziyinkinga ze-hydrogeological.
Izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ze-Wellpoint ziyizixazululo ezibalulekile zokulawula amanzi phansi ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokwakha ezinzulu lapho ukumba noma izisebenzi zokwakha zihlangabezana nezindawo ezinoshukela. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa inethiwekhi yezimbobo ezincane ezikhethiwe, ngokuvamile ezineziqu eziqhubekayo eziya ku-38 kuya ku-50 millimitha, ezifakwa eduze noma ngaphakathi kwesizinda sephrojekthi ukuze zinciphise isu lamanzi ngempumelelo futhi zidalé ibhande lokukhipha amanzi. Ngokunciphisa ingcindezi yamanzi phansi nokuzinza kwezingqimba ezinoshukela, izinhlelo ze-wellpoint zivumela ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezenzo zokufaka ama-pile, ukwakhiwa kwe-pile cap, ukumba izikhala zaphansi, nezinye izinto zokwakha ezinzulu ezimweni ze-hydrogeological eziyinkinga. Le ndlela ibalulekile kakhulu ezindaweni zokuphuma kwamanzi, ezindaweni ezine-clay enoshukela ophakeme, nasezindaweni ezine-aquifers ezishubile lapho izindlela zokukhipha amanzi ezivamile zihlula noma zingathengisekile. Ukwenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ze-wellpoint kuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezimbobo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlotshaniswa ngemigudu ye-header kumamphumpa amakhulu wokususa, aphumelekile avuleka ngokuqhubekayo amanzi phansi futhi ahanjiswe kude nendawo yokwakha. Inqubo yokukhipha amanzi idala ikona lempumulo ezungeze umzila wezimbobo ze-wellpoint, ihlisa kancane ibanga lamanzi ukuze kufezekiswe ukuphakama komklamo okudingeka emsebenzini wokwakha. onjiniyela bahlola ukujula, ukuphuma kwemithombo, kanye nokukhethwa kwamapumpa ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni ukujula komhlaba, ukusondela kwamanzi, nokuqonda ukuhamba kwamanzi phansi okukhuluma ngendawo ngayinye. Izinhlelo ze-wellpoint ezakhiwe ngezinyathelo eziningi zingasetshenziswa ukuze kudingeke ukukhipha amanzi okujule, ngokwenyuka okuphumelelayo kancane kancane nabahamba phambili. Le ndlela ikhiqiza kahle emhlabathini gwalayo onokuphilisa okujwayelekile, okuhlanganisa amaphutha, izigubhu, kanye nezinkuni ezithombeni ezinhlokweni zefaka zama-pile nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kwe-wellpoint kusebenze kakhulu ekwakheni izizinda ezinzulu emadolobheni lapho izinkinga zendawo, izakhiwo ezikhona, nezimiso zemvelo zikhawulela izindlela ezihlukile. Ekusebenzeni kwepile, umhlaba owakhiwe oakhipha amanzi uhlinzeka ngesimo esiqinile sokubhula, unciphisa ingcindezi emithini, futhi uthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza emhlabathini obuthakathaka noma ongazinzile. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekwakheni izindonga ze-diaphragm, ama-barrette piles, kanye nezisekelo ezinkulu ezinoshukela ezishiwo ezimeni ezilibazisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-wellpoint zixhasa imizamo yokuzinza komhlaba, ukufakwa kwezinsika zedwala, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwezinto ezinamandla aphansi (CLSM) ngokugcina ubuso bokumba buphila futhi kuvinjelwe ukufaka umhlaba kuwo umthwalo we-dynamic. Izidingo zokukhipha amanzi zihluke kakhulu ngokuya ngezigaba zomhlaba, izakhiwo ze-aquifer, kanye nesondlo ezakhiweni ezikhona, okwenza ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bamanzi kube kubalulekile ekuhlelweni kwephrojekthi. Izinto zezimo zemvelo nezimfuneko zikhulisa ukufaka umthelela ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ze-wellpoint, kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi, izinqubo zokwelashwa, kanye nokuphathwa okuphumelelayo kokukhipha amanzi ezikhungweni zendawo noma ezinhlelweni zokuphuma kwamanzi zomphakathi. Lezi zinsiza zidinga ulwazi lokukhetha izimpompo, ukwakhiwa kwemigudu ye-header, kanye nokubheka okuqhubekayo kokusebenza ukuze kugcinwe ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo nokuvikela i-rebound yamanzi phansi. Abakhiqizi bokukhipha amanzi abasebenza ku-TerraForce bahlanganyela nabajolisi bezobuchwepheshe, ochwepheshe bokwakha izisekelo ezinzulu, kanye nabaphathi bezindawo ukuze bahlanganyele izinhlelo ze-wellpoint ngokuphumelelayo kumikhakha yokwakha, kuqinisekiswa ukuhambisana nemigomo yokwakha kanye nezinsuku zomsebenzi ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nesimo semvelo.
Ukwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu ukukhupha amanzi kubalulekile njengendlela yokuthuthukisa umhlaba nokuphathwa kwamanzi esetshenziselwa ukusungulwa kwamaf elelekile nasezinhlelweni ezinkulu zomhlaba. Le ndlela ekhethekile ibandakanya ukukhipha kahle amanzi omhlaba ezindaweni ezingezansi ngezimvunguvungu eziseduzane, kunciphisa i-water table nokubambezela izimo zomhlabathi ngaphambi nangaphakathi kwezokwakha ezinzima. Ukwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu kuhluke ezinhlelweni zokwakha ezivamile ezingezansi ngenxa yokukwazi kwakho ukubhekana ne-water table ephezulu nezindawo ezikhanyayo ezihamba phansi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, okwenza kuba kubalulekile emaphrojekthini amakhulu, ukwakhiwa kwama- basement athile, kanye nokufaka izinduku ezinkulu lapho ukuphathwa kwamanzi omhlaba kubalulekile empumelelweni yephrojekthi kanye nokwakhiwa okuqinile. Inqubo yokwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu isebenzisa amaphethini okuphakela amanzi, avamise ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwemithombo efana no-150 kuya ku-1500 millimitha ububanzi, kuye ngokuqashelwa kwephrojekthi kanye ne-geology engaphansi. Lezi zimpompo zikhupha amanzi omhlaba ngemigqa yokuhlunga nezindawo ze-gravel pack, zidlulisa amanzi ezikhungweni zokwelashwa noma ezindaweni zokuphuma ngenkathi zigcina izilinganiso zokukhipha ezilawulwayo emhlabeni wesikhala sokumba. Izinhlelo zamanje zokwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu zivame ukufaka izimfanelo zomphakathi noma eziyi-multiplex, zivumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye ne-capacity yokusekela ngesikhathi sokwakha eside. Ukubhekwa kwe-piezometric kanye nezikhumbi zokubheka izinga lamanzi omhlaba kusemthethweni kumaphrojekthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokwehlisa liyahlangabezana nezikhwama zokukhipha ezithile nezimiso zemvelo eziphathwe njengomphakathi wokuphatha amanzi namanzi angaphansi. Ukwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu kwenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile kwezobunjiniyela bemifantu ezinzima nasekufakeni izakhi. Emhlabathini okhubekayo kanye nasemhlabathini okhulayo njengokukhanya, isiphepho, nezinduku ezincane ze-sand, ukukhipha amanzi okuphakeme kakhulu kwephula amandla akhululi, kunciphisa ingcindezi yamathala, futhi kuvinjezele ukujula kwamandla emithonjeni yokumba emakhaya axhume imisebenzi yokushaywa kwezinduku eziyinhloko kanye nezinduku ezinkulu eziboshwe. Emlandweni ejayelekile okubhalwe amalahle nokukhanda, ukukhipha amanzi okuphakeme kakhulu kuvinjezela ukugelezwa kwamanzi, ukuwa, nezinkinga eziphephile ezingathinta ukuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo nezinhlelo zomhlaba eziseduzane. Le ndlela ibalulekile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokwakha zasedolobheni, ezinhlelweni zokwakha zolwandle, nasezinhlelweni lapho izakhiwo ezizungezile noma izinsiza zidinga ukufakwa okuncane kwezindawo zomhlaba nezimo ezisemthethweni zamanzi omhlaba. Izicelo zokwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu zifaka ukwakhiwa kwama-basement amakhulu ezinkampanini nakumakhaya, ukukhanya kwemigudu yokuhamba nendawo yokupaka, imisebenzi ebalulekile yokwakha izisekelo zezimoto nezithuthi, izisekelo zezimoto ezingaphandle nezisensimini, nezinhlelo ezibanzi zokuvuselela ezidinga ukuphathwa kwamanzi omhlaba isikhathi eside. Amaqembu abathengisi abaphatha lezi zinto adinga ukuhambisana okuqondile phakathi kwabezokwakha, osonhlalakahle bezezimali, amaqembu wokushaywa kwezinduku, kanye nezisebenzi ezilungisa ukuhamba kwemvelo ukuze bakwazi ukukhipha izinhlelo ezinzima zokukhipha amanzi eziphumelelisa izigaba zephrojekthi ngenkathi kuvikelwa ukufaneleka kwengaphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezizungezile. Impumelelo yokwenza amawells aphakeme kakhulu ixhomeke ekuxoxiseni okujule, ukuhlonza i-hydrogeological, ukuhlola ama-aquifer, nokwakha kahle izikhala zamawell, imali yokuphakelwa, nezinhlelo zokuhambisa ezikhelwe izimo zomhlaba ezithile nezinjongo zokwakha.
Ukukhipha amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-electro-osmosis yindlela ekhethekile yokulawula umhlaba ethathwa kwimisebenzi yokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kanye nezinhlelo zezehlakalo zendawo lapho izinto ezijwayelekile zokukhipha amanzi zinganele noma zingezi mnandi. Le nqubo ye-electrokinetic isebenzisa umehluko wezinga lamandla kagesi ukuhamba kwamanzi emathunjini angenamabhaktheri, kubandakanya ama-silt kanye ne-clay anezinga eliphansi lokuhamba, okwenziwa kube nzima ukukhipha amanzi ngezindlela zendabuko ezifana nokupholisa noma ukukhipha amanzi ngokuvale. Ngokufaka insimu kagesi enezinga eliphansi phezu kwemassi yendawo, i-electro-osmosis yehlisa umfutho wamanzi ezindaweni eziyinsika futhi ikhuphule amandla okuphatha umhlaba, kudala izimo ezinzile zokuphakamisa amaphaya, ukufaka ama-caisson, kanye nezinye izisebenzi ezijulile zokwakha. Le ndlela ikakhulukazi ibalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni aqinile lapho izidingo zokudipha zinciphile noma lapho ukulawula amanzi emhlabathini okukhona kudinga ama-well point amaningi noma izigubhu zokukhipha amanzi ezithinta ukusebenza kokwakha. Inqubo yokukhipha amanzi ye-electro-osmosis ibandakanya ukufaka ama-electrode (ama-anode kanye ne-cathode) ngqo emhlabathini wezisekelo ezikhumbuzweni ezithile nasezindaweni ezithile. Amandla kagesi anikezwa ngama-rectifier units aguqula umbani wama-AC ube umbani wama-DC olawulwayo, kudala umehluko we-electrokinetic ophakamisa ukuhamba kwamanzi uye ezindaweni zokuhlanganisa. Ngokwesidingo sephrojekthi, le ndlela ingahlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokukhipha amanzi ezifana nokukhipha amanzi ngokuphunyiwe, ukuphakamisa izigubhu, noma izinhlelo zamapoint ajulile ukuze kufezwe ukulawula amanzi emhlabathini ngokuhlanganyela. Izinsiza zifaka phakathi ama-transformer rectifiers, ukufakwa kwama-electrode, izigubhu zokuhlanganisa, kanye nezinsiza zokubheka ukuze kulandwe ukunciphisa umfutho wendawo nokuhlala. Le ndlela ikhiqiza i-vibration encane ne- noise uma iqhathaniswa nokuphakanyiswa kwama-pile zendabuko ezindaweni ezikhiphisiwe amanzi, okwenza kube kuhle ezindaweni zokwakha ezibucayi, ezakhiweni eziseduze, kanye nezindawo ezinemigomo eqinile yemvelo. Ukukhipha amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-electro-osmosis kusebenza kahle kakhulu emathunjini alungile anokuhamba kokuhamba amanzi okuphansi, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zika-clay kanye ne-silty clay ezivamile ekwakheni izisekelo. Le ndlela ibalulekile kakhulu ekufakeni ama-pile amakhulu, ama-secant pile walls, ama-diaphragm walls, kanye nezokwakhiwa kwama-caisson ajulile lapho ukwandisa amandla omhlabathi ngokushesha kubalulekile. Izicelo zifaka phakathi ukunciphisa amandla okuphakama ngaphansi kwezisekelo ezijulile, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuhamba ezindaweni ezithilezindaweni, ukuhlela izinyathelo ezithintekayo eziseduzane nokuhlanganisa, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukukhipha amanzi ngokulawula ezinethegi zamapile ezine-sheet kanye nama-soldier pile walls. Le nqubo ivamise ukufuna amasonto ambalwa okuhlela ngaphambi kokuthi izenzo zokwakha ezinkulu ziqale, ivumela ukwakheka okwenziwayo nokukhula kwamandla. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi anesimo esinzima somhlaba ophansi, izimo eziqinile zesizinda, noma lapho izinkinga zemvelo zingavumeli izindlela zokukhipha amanzi zendabuko, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile emikhakheni yesimanje ye-geotechnical yokwakha ezijulile ezinzima.
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