Imishini Yokufaka Efinyelelekayo

Imishini yokufaka ekhululekile ifaka phakathi hệzimi ezithuthukisiwe nezihlangene ezikhula okunamathiselwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzinza komhlaba nokusebenza kokufaka okulawulayo ezindaweni zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Lezi zimpahla zisebenza njengamaqondo abalulekile phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-jet grouting, zivumela abaqashi ukuba bafake i-grout ephezulu, amanzi enziwe ngempahla ye-cement, kanye nezithako zokuzinzisa ezibhalwe ezindaweni zomhlaba ukuze kutholakale ukuphuculwa kokwakhiwa komhlaba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini yokudrill ephelele. Ngokwezemisebenzi yokwakha izindonga zomhlaba kanye nezixhumi zomumo, izinhlelo zokufaka ezenzakalayo ziqinisekisa izinqubo zokuhanjiswa okuqondile okudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amakholomu omhlaba ahlale kahle, izithiyo zokuhlunga, kanye nesakhiwo esiqinile ezimweni ezinzima zomhlaba. Imishini yokufaka ekhululekile ithola ukusetyenziswa okuyinhloko ezinhlelweni ze-jet grouting ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, ukudala izixhumi eziphezulu nezihambayo, ukuvikela izindonga ze-sheet pile, kanye nokukhulisa ukufakwa kwe-secant ne-tangent pile. Lezi zinhlelo zibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni umhlaba ne-cement endaweni efanele, ukunciphisa ukujula emanzini aphezulu, kanye nokwakha ukuhamba okungangeni amanzi ngaphakathi kwezitezi zomhlaba ezibuthakathaka kanye nezakhiwo ezikhona. Ukuthuthwa kalula nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo ezincane kubenza babe nenzuzo enkulu ezimeni ezikhulu, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, nasezimbonini ezidinga ukusika kokuzinza okwengeziwe phakathi kwezinga noma izigaba eziningi. I-ophareyishini eyisisekelo igxile ekulawuleni ukufutha nokufaka emhlabathini okufaka izinsiza ezifanele ezindaweni eziqondiwe nezivulekile kumaphuzu athile. Izinhlelo ezincane zisebenzisa amapompo ahlanzekile—ngokuvamile amapompo e-piston noma e-screw—ukugcina ukufutha okuhambisanayo nezilinganiso zokuhamba ngaleso sikhathi abaphathi benza ukujula kokuphakela, ijubane lokujika, kanye nezinga lokudonsela ukuze kudalwe amakholomu ahlale kahle anobubanzi nokukhanya okujwayelekile. Imishini ifaka phakathi izilawuli zokucindezela, amakhalethi, kanye nezilawuli zokubuyisela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwenziwa kabusha phakathi kwezikhathi eziningi zokufaka nokuvimbela ukuqhuma okungaphezulu okungase kube namathuba okuphula umhlaba oseduze noma umonakalo kwizakhiwo ezikhethiwe. Izinhlelo zokuphatha ama-hose aneziqhamo ezisheshayo nezixhumi ezijikelezayo zenza kube lula ukuphinde kutholakale umsebenzi futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuhlanganisa phakathi kwezindawo zokufaka. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zemishini yokufaka ekhululekile zifaka phakathi units yokufaka ezibheke emamakethe (5-15 kW ukuhamba kwempompo), izinhlelo ezibalulekile ezinezinsiza (10-25 kW), kanye nezimboni zokufaka eziphethe zikhona ezinokukhumbula, ukugcina, nokufaka umoya ngenkathi zihlanganisa ukulawula ukufaka. Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zifaka phakathi izinhlelo zokufaka ezinemigqa emibili ukuze kwenziwe ukuhamba kwesikhumbuzo ngesikhathi esifanayo kanye ne-jet grouting, ama-manifolds amaningi avumela ukungqubuzana kwezikhumbuzo okwandayo, kanye namaphakheji wobuchwepheshe abhalela ucindezelo, ukuhamba, ijubane lokujika, kanye ne-verticality phakathi nezikhathi zonke zokufaka. Izinketho zokukhetha imishini yokufaka ekhululekile zigxila ekuphakameni okuphamukayo (cc/rev), ukucindezela okufanele ukusebenza okuphezulu (bar), ukulawula ukuhamba okufanele (L/min granularity), kanye ne-flexibility yomthombo wamandla—diesel, kagesi, noma amanzi akhaliphile kuye ngesimo samandla esizeni nezimo zomhlaba. Abakwaqashi bahlola ukujula nobubanzi bama-hose ukulungisa nezinjongo zokudrilla, izinga lokuxhumana ukuze kushintshwe imishini kalula, nokuthi imishini yokufaka enezinsiza zibe nezinzuzo eziphezulu ngokwezimali uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhungo zokuhlanganiswa nezinjongo zokufaka. Ukufinyeleleka kokugcinwa, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezithile, kanye nokuba lula kokuxhumana nomsebenzisi kuthinta ukwethembeka kokusebenza okude kumaphrojekthi anobude. Izindinganiso ezihambisene nezimboni zifaka i-EN 14679 (Ukufeza umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe obukhethekile—Jet grouting), i-EN 12716 (Ukufeza umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe obukhethekile—Grouting), i-ISO 22282-3 (Uphenyo lwezobuchwepheshe nokuqinisekiswa—Uphenyo lwe-geohydraulic, Ingxenye 3), kanye nezindinganiso zokuvunywa kwezobuchwepheshe ezithile kumaphrojekthi ezivela ezikhungweni zokwakha zendawo. Imishini kufanele ihlangabezane nezimelene nezokuphepha kwemishini (ukuhlonza kwe-CE) kanye nemithetho yokuphepha kwemishini (i-PED) yezingxenye eziphakeme kwe-0.5 L kanye ne-0.5 bar yokucindezela.