Ukuphosa kwe-Kelly bar kumelwa njengendlela ebalulekile kwezokwakha izisekelo ezijulile, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwemigodi emikhulu ye-diameter ezimweni zomhlaba ezinzima. Le ndlela isebenzisa ibhari le-Kelly—umkhulu noma u-hexagonal umthi owomile wesimbi oxhoxisa amandla okuzungeza nezokubambisana ukusuka kumshini ophosa ezintweni zokuphosa. I-Kelly bar iyindlela eyinhloko yokusebenza, ivumela abakhiqizi ukuba basebenzise i-torque ethile nezinsalela ze-axial ezidingekayo ukuze baphule izimila eziqinile, amagquma ashintshile, nezimo ezihlanganisiwe ezitholakala emikhakheni emikhulu yokwakha. Le ndlela yokuphosa ibalulekile ekwakheni izinhlelo eziqinile zezikhalazo zezakhiwo eziphakeme, amabhuloho, izikhungo ezinkulu zezimboni, kanye nezifundo ze-geotechnical ezijulile ezidinga imigodi ethile engaphezu kweyodwa imitha esikhumbeni. Inqubo yokuphosa kwe-Kelly bar ibandakanya izikhala zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa imishini yokuphosa enamandla enamathafeni anokusebenzisa, izinhlelo zokuphakamisa ukuze kulawulwe i-slurry, nezinsiza zokuphosa ezikhethekile ezifana ne-roller-cone bits, drag bits, noma ama-casing oscillators kuye ngezendla zomhlaba nemininingwane yephrojekthi. Le ndlela ivumela ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuphosa—amanzi, i-bentonite slurry, noma izixazululo ze-polymer—ukugcina izindonga zomgodi ziqinile nokulawula amanzi angaphakathi, ngesikhathi sokukhipha izinto ezinqamulayo ezivela endaweni yokuphosa. Abasebenzi kumele balawule i-torque ye-Kelly bar ngokucophelela, bahlale behlola izimo zokuphosa, futhi baphinde balungise isivinini sokuphosa kanye no-pressure ngokwesigaba esikhishwe esikhathini sangempela ukuze bagcine ukusebenza kahle kokuphosa nezinsiza zisebenza kahle kuyo yonke inqubo. Ukuphosa kwe-Kelly bar kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ezithombeni ezithambile ze-clay, i-silt, kanye ne-sand ethambile lapho ukuphosa okuvamise ukujula kungavimba, kanye nasemgudwini odakayo, i-granite eyashintsha, nezinto ze-calcareous ezivame ukutholakala kesimayeli eziyinkimbinkimbi. Le ndlela ibhekana kahle nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziphakathi kwalapho kulindeleke amanzi angaphezulu, ama-gravels athambile, ama-cobbles, nezimila ezishintshayo ezidinga izinga lokuphosa elilawulwayo nokugcina ukuma kwezi- borehole. Izicelo zibandakanya izisekelo zezakhiwo zokwakha ezisheshayo nezokuhlala, ukuphosa kwemigodi ye-marine neyebhange, ukwakhiwa kwemigodi yamanzi, imigodi ye-geothermal, ukuphosa ukuvuselelekela kwemvelo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ze-geotechnical ezisekela izinqumo zokwakha. Ukuphosa kwe-Kelly bar okuphezulu kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye ze-diaphragm wall, ama-piles secant, kanye namapaili aphuswe angaphezu kwemitha emithathu noma enkulu, ukunikeza amandla okuphatha umthwalo kanye nekhono lokuma elidingekayo ngezimiso zesimanje zokwakha izisekelo. Impumelelo ekuphosekeni kwe-Kelly bar incike ekukhetheni izinsiza ezikahle ezinamandla afanele kanye nekhono lokuzungeza, ukukhetha izinhlelo zokuphosa ezihambisana ne-stratigraphy ethile yomhlaba, nokusebenza nezinsiza ezihlangeneyo ezijwayelekile ezithokozisa ukuhlola izimo zomhlaba. Le ndlela idinga ucwaningo olucophelela ngaphambi kokuphosa, kuhlanganise ne-log ye-borehole nokuhlukaniswa komhlaba, ukuze kubonakale ukuziphatha kokuphosa nokukhetha izikhala ezihambisanayo. Abakhi abawasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Kelly bar bafinyelela ukulawula okuhle kakhulu kokuphosa, ukunciphisa impempe yokuhamba kwemvelo ngenkathi kulawulwa izinzuzo ze-slurry, kanye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe phezu kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-geotechnical ezihambisana nezinselelo ezijulile zokwakha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Ukumba kwe-Kelly kuyindlela yokumba yokuphendula eyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka ezijulile nasezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela bezomhlaba. Le ndlela isebenzisa ibha ye-kelly—iyinsika eyingozi, eyindilinga noma eyisikwele edlulisela amandla okuphendula kusuka etafuleni le-rig yokumba ngqo kumathuluzi okumba phezulu kwesigaba somgodi. Indlela yokumba ye-kelly ye-dry ibhekisela ngempela emisebenzini yokumba eqhutshwa ngaphandle kokuhamba kwamanzi noma umgudu wokumba, igxile endaweni yokuhamba komoya, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinduli, noma ukususa okujwayelekile kwe-auger ukuze kucace ukusika komgodi nokugcina ukuzinza. Le ndlela ibalulekile kakhulu ekuhloleni kwezobunjiniyela bezomhlaba, ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka, nasekusebenzeni kokubhalwa lapho ukusabela kwamafutha okumba kufanele kuncishiswe noma lapho izimo zomhlaba zivumela ukuthuthuka kokumba ngokomoya. Inqubo yokumba ye-kelly ye-dry ihilela ukuhlela kahle amandla, ijubane lokuphenduka, nomfutho ophansi ukuze kuthuthwe umgodi phakathi kwezihlahla ezahlukene zomhlaba nezindonga. Imishini ebalulekile kulolu hlelo ifaka i-rig yokumba yokuphenduka enekhono elanele lokuphenduka, ibha ye-kelly ehlukanisiwe, izinyathelo zokuphenduka, amaloli okumba, namathuluzi afanele okusika njengama-augers, amathiba ebhakede, noma amathuluzi okuqhubekisela phambili kuye ngokuqina komhlaba. Umgodi uvame ukufakwa ngekhabhoni yesithako esikhashana noma esihlala njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwa kwamanzi futhi kugcinwe ukunemba kokumba. Izinhlelo zokulandelela umoya noma ama-augers ahamba phambili angasetshenziswa ukususa izinto ezibangelwa umgodi. Le ndlela yokumba isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwamapile anobukhulu obukhulu, ekwakhiweni kwemibhoshongo, kubufakazi bezwe, nasezinhlelweni zezimali zamapile amakhulu lapho ukuhloleka okuqondile nokuphazamiseka okuncane komhlaba okuzungezile kubalulekile. Ukumba kwe-Kelly kusebenza kahle ezimweni zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene, kusuka kumatshe amaminerali amanzi nezinkanyezi kuya kumphakathi onzima nemihla, nasezindaweni eziqandayo. Indlela ye-dry ibonakala ikuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ezindaweni zokungcolisa, kanye nezindawo ezibucayi zomhlaba lapho ukususa umgudu wokumba nokungcoliswa okungenzeka kuholela ezinselele kumisebenzi kanye nemvelo. Izicelo zeza ezisemqoka zifaka izinsiza zokwakha eziyisikhumbuzo, izikhumba zomgwaqo nezimbopho, izikhungo zezimboni, nezinhlelo zezimali ezidinga izisekelo ezijulile nezizinzile. Ukuhamba komsebenzi kulungisa ukuhluka kwezimboni ezisemqoka, futhi amandla okusebenza ngaphandle kwamafutha okumba anciphisa izindleko zephrojekthi kanye nomthelela wemvelo. Abasebenzi abakhethayo ukumba kwe-kelly ye-dry kumele bacabangele ukuzinza komhlaba, ubukhulu bomgodi, ubude, natures yokulayisha izakhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla aphezulu amapile kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwakha. Le ndlela yokumba iyisiqinisekiso sokuhlinzeka kwejubane lokwakha, ivumela ochwepheshe bokwakha ukusungula izikhala eziphephile zezinhlelo ezinzima ezinzima ngaphansi kokwakhiwa.
U-Kelly bar drilling enezivikelo ezikhethiwe uyindlela ethize yokuhlinzeka ngedijithali enkulu yokumba evame ukusetshenziswa emaphandleni aphakeme nasezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela ezidinga ukusimama komhlanga okuqinisekisiwe nokugcinwa kwezibonelo zomhlabathi. Le ndlela isebenzisa uhlelo lokuqhuma lwe-kelly bar lapho u-kelly bar ongu-igidigidi, ongenamkhawulo wenziwe ngensimbi uqhubekisela phambili amandla wokujikeleza nangokuphikisana kumathuluzi okuhlela ngaphansi, kanti izivikelo ziza noma zifakwe ngokuqonde ubumba buphatheka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwa kwezindonga, ukungcola, kanye nokugcina ubuqotho bomhlanga zonke izinqubo zokumba. Le zivikelo zineqhaza elibalulekile: zihlanganisa ukufaka isiqalo ezimfundisweni ezingazinzile ezifana namasand zandihlalo, i-silts, kanye namacwecwe aseqhulwini angaba nezifinyeti; zivikelile ngokungcolile emanzini okujolise emhlabeni ngenkathi zigcina iphrofayili yegeology ukuze kube nokuhlola okuqondile nokwakhiwa kwezimoto ezibhalwe; futhi zenza kube nokutholakala okubhekelelayo kwezibonelo zomhlabathi ezingaphazanyisiwe noma eziphazanyiswe kancane ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe ezikhungweni ze-geotechnical nolwazi lwezobunjiniyela. Uhlelo lwe-kelly bar drilling luhambisana ngokukhethekile namathuba amakhulu, ahlala phakathi kuka-500mm no-2000mm noma ngaphezulu, okwenza kube kuhle ukufaka izisekelo ze-pile ezitholakele, odonga be-diagram, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola umhlabathi ophakeme ezindaweni ze-geological eziyinkimbinkimbi. Le ndlela isebenza ngokuhambisa izivikelo ngaphansi komhlaba ngenkathi ngesikhathi sokumba ngokusebenzisa ama-drilling buckets, ama-augers, noma amathuluzi okuphikisana afakwe ku-kelly bar. Njengoba u-kelly bar ehamba phambili futhi ephuma ngezikhalazo zokumba, izivikelo ziqhubeka ziqondiswe ngokujulile, kuqiniseka ukuthi ubumba buhlala buvulekile futhi buphephile ngisho nasezimo ezinzima zendawo ezifaka izihlahla ezijulile ngaphansi kwegazi lamanzi, amacwecwe amanzi aphezulu, imihuzuko eyigugudzile, nezakhiwo zeziqhumane noma eziphukile. Le ndlela iyahluka kahle uma kuqhathaniswa ne-continuous flight auger (CFA) yokumba ngoba ivumela ukuhamba kwezikhalazo okunokukhululeka futhi inikeza ukuvuselelwa kwezibonelo okuhloniphekile, okwenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni izindawo ze-geotechnical nasemsebenzini wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Izicelo ze-kelly bar drilling enezivikelo ezikhethiwe zifaka emikhakheni emikhulu yokwakha, okuhlanganisa izisekelo zezakhiwo eziphakeme, izindlela zokudlula nezibambo, izikhungo zeziqhumane, ukwesekwa kwezithelwana, nokusekela izakhiwo ezikhona, kanye nokulashwa kwemhlaba ophukile lapho izibonelo ezingenangcolile kanye nokumba okulawulwayo kubalulekile. Le ndlela ivamise ukuhlinzekwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba, ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, kanye nokugcina ubuqotho bamanzi kungokwezemfanelo. Ukukhetha izinto zalesi sikhathi kufaka izinsiza ezinkulu zokumba ezinemisebenzi eyanele yokukhipha izivikelo ezinzima, ama-assemblies e-kelly bar akhelwe kabusha, kanye namaphethu aphumeqile akhiqizwe ukuma izikhala lapho kugcinwa ubude bokuvumelana nokwakhiwa. Izimo zomhlabathi ezidinga le msebenzi zihlanganisa ukwehlisa izinto ezibhandakanywayo, izindonga eziyisisekelo, imihuzuko, nezakhiwo lapho ukujoliswa grill kungaqhubeka ngesikhashana noma ngempela kuvinjezelwe ukubambezeleka komsebenzi kuqinisekise ukuhleleka kwezimoto eziphephile ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo.
Ukudrillwa kwekelly bar ngent support ye-slurry kumela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukholwa kwe-rotary obusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni izisekelo ezijulile zokwakha amaphayili amakhulu aphumelele kanye namawindi e-diaphragm. Le ndlela isebenzisa i-kelly bar evundlile ukuhambisa ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kanye ne-axial thrust kumkhiqizo wokudrill, okuvumela ukuhamba ngendlela elawulwayo phakathi kwezendlalelo ze-geological eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uhlelo lokusekelwa kwe-slurry, oluvame ukusebenzisa i-bentonite-based drilling fluid, luyawenzela izindonga zembobo ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, luvimbela ukuwa komhlabathi, futhi lususa kahle ukungezelelwa kokudrill ukuze kufikwe phezulu. Le nhlangano yobuchwepheshe ivumela odabukeli ukuba benze izenzo zokudrill eziphezulu ngokuqinile ezimeni zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho izindlela zokudrill ezijwayelekile zingaba nesidingo esingeziwe noma ezingekho emnothweni. Inqubo yokudrill kwekelly bar ikakhulukazi ifanele izinhlelo ezidinga izimbobo ezinkulu, ezivame ukuba phakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-3 meters ububanzi, zifinyelela ezindaweni ezijulile ezivame ukudlula u-50 meters. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekwakheni izisekelo zezakhiwo eziphakeme, izinhlelo ezinkulu ze-infrastructure, ukufinyelela kuzikhumbuzo, kanye nezikhungo zamandla omoya asogwini. Izinsiza ezikhethekile zenza ingxenye eyinhloko yalesi sikhumbuzo, kuhlanganisa ama-drilling rigs anzima anama-kelly bar assemblies, ama-top-drive noma ama-rotary table systems, izintambo zokudrill ezinezingxenye ezishintshwayo zokudlula, kanye nezikhungo zokuphakelwa kwe-slurry ezikapa ukusebenza kwendawo ye-bentonite suspension. I-slurry inezincazelo eziningi ezibalulekile: igcina umfutho we-hydrostatic phezu kwezindonga zebhodi ukuze ivimbele ukuwa, ithutha umhlabathi ofakwe ohloliwe nezinkwelo zokusebenza ukuze zihlukane futhi zisuswe kahle, futhi iphinde icebise amathuluzi okupholisa ngesikhathi sokukhula kweziteku. Izimo zomhlaba zithinta kakhulu ukufaneleka nokusebenza kokudrill kwekelly bar ngent support ye-slurry. Le ndlela ikhiqiza kahle emhlabathini anokuhlukahluka okujwayelekile, izendlalelo zomhlabathi ezihlanganisiwe, amabala avuthayo, kanye nezakhiwo eziphukile lapho ukuvuthwa kwe-slurry cake phezulu kwezindonga zebhodi kuhlinzeka ngokuqina okubalulekile. Ukuhlola kwe-geotechnical nokwakhiwa komhlabathi kulungisa ukwakheka kwe-slurry appropriate, umthwalo, kanye ne-viscosity edingekayo ukuze kulungiswe izimo ezithile zaphansi komhlaba. Emathunjini nasemtholampilo, ukwesekwa kwe-slurry kuvimba ukwehla kwemithwalo ye-pore kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwempunga, kanti kumasekhala nasezindaweni ezibhalwe, kuvikela izingozi zokuhlanganisa kanye nokulawula ukungena kwamanzi omhlaba. Izinhlelo zokusakaza kwekelly bar zanamuhla zilandela ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuhlola kuhlanganisa ukuhambiswa kwesikhumbuzo sezithuthi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukulawula umfutho we-slurry, kanye nokuhlola ukuziqhenya kwezindonga zebhodi okuqhubekayo. Izicelo zifaka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokwakha edinga izixazululo ezijulile zokwakha. Iziphakamiso zokuthuthukiswa komuzi zisebenzisa ukudrill kwekelly bar ukuthola ukuhlanzwa kwe-fayile nomhlabathi osindayo ngaphansi kwezindlu ezikhona. Izinhlelo zokuhamba, kuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ze-metro kanye nezikhumbuzo zamabhuloho, zisebenzisa le teknoloji ukufaka izindonga ze-secant ne-tangent pile. Izinhlobo zamandla yamakhamphani zisebenzisa ama-piles amakhulu aphumile ukuze zisekele phansi kwezikhala ezisogwini nasezikhangweni zokuhamba komoya. Izindawo zezimboni ezifana nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali neziteshi zamandla zidinga ukudrill kwekelly bar ekwakheni izisekelo ze-caisson nezikhala. Ukuhlola kwekhwalithi, ukuphila ngokuphepha, kanye nokulawulwa kwemvelo ngokuphathwa kwe-slurry kwenza kube ukukhetha okuyinhloko ezindaweni ezibushelelezi zomuzi nezindawo ezithintekayo zemvelo lapho udoti wokudrill kufanele uphathwe futhi ulawulwe ngokucophelela.
Ukumba kwe-Kelly bar kukhombisa indlela eyisisekelo yokumba eqhutshwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemisipha ejulile nasekwakheni izimbobo ezinkulu. I-Kelly bar, iyisigaba sepayipi stinki esiyisikhumbuzo noma se-hexagonal, isebenza njengezinhlelo zokudlulisa i-torque eziyisisekelo, idlulisa amandla okujikeleza nesikhatsi sokulayisha kusuka ekhanda le-rotary le-rig ukuya kwi-drill bit phezulu. Izinsiza ezisizayo ze-Kelly bar drilling systems zifaka zonke izinhlelo ezisekelayo, izingxenye, nezinsiza ezivumela ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokulawulwa kwezimoto zokumba ezindaweni zobunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi nezimo zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene. Uhlelo lwezinsiza ezisizayo oluxhasa ukusebenza kwe-Kelly bar lubandakanya izigaba ezibalulekile zezilungiselelo ezibalulekile empumelelweni yephrojekthi. Izing units zokukhiqiza amandla, ngokuvamile zisukela ku-250 kuya ku-500 horsepower, zisebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ne-mechanical energy ezinhlelweni zezimoto ezinkulu ze-drilling rig nezinsiza ezisemqoka. Izinhlelo zokuhamba kwe-mud zifeza enye ibhodi eliyisisekelo, zifaka amapompo e-centrifugal, units zokuhlanganisa, izinsiza zokunyakaza, kanye nezitsha ze-slurry eziklanyelwe ukugcina i-viscosity ye-drilling fluid, ukuphatha ukukhipha, nezinhlelo zokuvikela izindonga zezimbobo throughout deep drilling campaigns. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezinsiza zokumba ezisekelwe ku-bentonite eziyenzelwe kahle ukusebenza kwe-Kelly bar, kudinga ukulawulwa ngok precise kwezimpawu ze-rheological nezinguquko ze-density. Izinhlelo zokufaka, kufaka phakathi izigubungelo zensimbi ezichichimayo nezinhlekelele, zisebenza kahle kakhulu nezikhumbuzo zokufaka, izikhumbuzo, nezinsiza zokushayela ukuze kuvikelwe ukuvuma kwezimpi zezimbozo nokuvimbela ukuwa kwezindonga ezindaweni ezibucayi zomhlaba. Izinhlobo ezengeziwe zokusebenza ezisizayo zibhekene nezidingo ezikhethekile zokumba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindlela zokwakha. Izinhlelo zokuphakela, ama-masts, nezakhiwo zokuxhasa zifaka uhlaka olulindelekile lokusebenza nezindlela zokuphuma kwezinsiza zokumba eziyinqaba kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okumba. Ama-Kelly bushings, ama-rotary swivels, nezinhlelo zokuxhuma zenza kube lula ukudluliswa kwamandla ngenkathi kudlula izinhlelo eziqhubekayo zokumba. Izinhlelo zokungenisa ama-flocculant nezinsiza zokuhlukanisa i-slurry, kufaka phakathi ama-decanter centrifuges, zenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwe-drilling fluid nokuhambelana nemvelo ngokunciphisa ivolumu yokuphuma nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kabusha kwe-fluid. Izikhungo ze-grouting nezinsiza zokungenisa zenza kube lula ukudlula okuhle ukusuka ekumbeni kuya ekuvikeleni izisekelo, ikakhulukazi ezicelweni ezidinga ama-column e-soil cement, i-jet grouting, noma i-pressure grouting protocols ezijwayelekile ekwenzeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezindonga ezibuthakathaka zomhlaba nezokuthuthukisa amandla okuthwala. Ukumba kwe-Kelly bar nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa izinsiza ezisetshenziswa ngempumelelo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni izimbobo ezinkulu ezithakazelisayo, izisekelo ze-caisson, nezinhlelo zokubopha ezimweni zomhlaba ezinzima kufaka phakathi isihlabathi esigoqekayo, ukhuni, i-silt, nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe. Izicelo zithinta ukuvuselela kwezimboni ezinkulu, imisebenzi yokwakha ezimbonini, ubunjiniyela bezinyathelo, kanye nemisebenzi yokuvuselela umhlaba edinga ukulawulwa kobude obunembile kanye nezinye ukuchaniswa kwezithombe. Ukukhetha kahle izinsiza zokusebenza ezisizayo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokumba, izinga le-drilling, ukwethembeka kwemishini, nezinsuku zephrojekthi ngenkathi kugcinwa ukubambelela okuqinile kumazinga okuphepha emsebenzini nasezinhlelweni zemvelo ezilawula izinqubo eziphansi.
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