Izindiza Zokuphakamisa

Izinkalo eziphakanyisiwe zimelela isigaba esibalulekile somshini esisemqoka ekwakhiweni, ukuhlanganiseni, nasekuxhaseni ukusebenza kwezindonga zomhlaba nezinhlelo zokugwema emkhakheni wokwakha izisekelo eziyindilinga. Lezi zixhobo zinikeza ikhono elisemqoka lokuphatha kahle okudingekayo ukuze kufakwe, kuthathwe, futhi kubekwe izingxenye ezinzima zokwakha nezokusebenza, okungabe kungakwazi ukufakwa ngesandla noma ngezinye izindlela. Emkhakheni wokwakha we-geotechnical, izinkalo eziphakanyisiwe zisebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yokulawula nokubeka imithwalo ngesikhathi sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokufaka izindlela zokugwema, zisebenza njengezikhuphukisi zamandla ezivumela ukufakwa okuqondile ezindaweni ezinzima eziphansi. Izinkalo eziphakanyisiwe zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuthuthukiswa komhlaba nakwezicelo zokugwema, kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kwemihlangano yediyaframu lapho ziphatha khona izindonga zensimbi ezigcwele ukhonkolo, amapaneli akhiwe ngaphambi, nezinhlelo zeziqinisekiso zensimbi zesikhashana. Ekufakweni kwemihlangano ye-secant kanye ne-tangent, izinkalo zifaka amagatsha ezimvuthwandaba, ama-tube ezikiwe, nezinto zokuhamba phezulu, zilawula ukufakwa kokwehla emgudwini ngezinga elinembile lokungaphansi kwamasentimitha. Ekufakweni kwemihlangano ye-sheet pile nezicelo ezixhunywe ne-vibro, izinkalo ziqhuba ukufakwa kokuhlangana okwalandelwayo kwezixuku ezihlangene ngesikhathi zigcina i-plumb ne-verticality. Emisebenzini ye-jet grouting nasekuhlanganiseni umhlabathi, izinkalo zixhasa ukufakwa kwezimvula, ama-assemblies wezikhungo zokuhlanganisa, nezinto zokuhlanganisa eziphakamiswayo. Zikhiqiza futhi ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokuphathwa kwegcobo, izimboni zokwelapha i-bentonite, nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ezibalulekile kokugcina ubuqotho bemigudu. Umqondo wokusebenza wezinkalo eziphakanyisiwe emikhakheni ye-geotechnical uhlanganisa ukujula kwe-mechanical, amandla okuphathela izithuthi, kanye nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi enembile. Izinsiza zanamuhla zifaka izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zokwehlisa nokuphakanyisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, okuyinto ebalulekile yokugcina ukulawula ngesikhathi sokusebenza emigudwini ejulile lapho ukuhamba okuphuthumayo noma izimo zentambo ezithambile zingalimaza ukufakwa noma ziphazamise ubuchwepheshe obuphansi. Izinkalo kufanele zibe nokuphakanyiswa okuqinile, zikhanseli ukushukuma kwemithwalo, futhi zenze ukuba kube nokubeka okuhlengeziwe okuncane kwendawo—izici ezibalulekile uma kufakwa izikhumbuzo ezijulile ezingama-100 metres noma kulawulwa ukuma kwe-sluvy ebangeni bezindonga zediyaframu. Izigaba zezinsiza zifaka izinkalo ezihambayo (ubukhulu bezinsiza eziyithoni ezingama-20-600), izinkalo zamatheku zezindawo zomphakathi ezibucayi, uhlelo lwezigaxa ezikhethekile zokufaka ezihambayo, nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile zokusebenza kwezika nokwakhiwa. Izimfanelo eziyi-advanced zifaka izinhlelo zokuhlola imithwalo, ukulawulwa kokungashukumi, kanye namacells wezithuthi angashintshi atholakalayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Izingxenye eziningi zamuhla zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuhola nezifakwayo ze-Kelly bar, zisebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-drilling rigs esikhundleni sokuba izinsiza ezimele. Izimfanelo zokukhetha zifaka amandla aphezulu okuphatha uma kuqhathaniswa nezisindo ezihlangene zezingxenye ezifakiwe, ukufinyelela okuphakanyisiwe okudingekayo ngezakhiwo zomsebenzi, izikhala eziphezulu zezindawo zomphakathi noma ezakhelwe, ukuzinza ezimweni zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene, nokuba nekhono lokubeka ngokunembile. Ochwepheshe bahlola izithiyo zebanga lokushukuma, izidingo zokwakha ezixhasayo, nokuhambisana nezakhiwo ze-rig ezikhona. Izimo zemvelo—ukubanga nemigqa yamandla, izakhiwo ezisondelene, nezikhala zokusebenza ezindaweni ezingenalutho—zithonya kakhulu ukukhetha izinsiza. Izindinganiso ezihlobene zifaka i-EN 13000 (izinkalo ezihambayo—ubungozi), i-ISO 4305 (izinkalo ezihambayo—ulimi nokuhlukaniswa), kanye nezincazelo ze-API RP 2A zokuhluka kokusebenza kwemimoya. Izindinganiso ze-DIN zilawula isitifiketi samandla okuphatha nezinqubo zokusebenza.